Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, University Library, MS Nn.4.42b

Diktyon no.: Diktyon 12254

Contents

Introduction: This manuscript contains the five Leuctran orations by Aelius Aristides (orr. 11-15 Lenz-Behr). Aristides (b. ca. 118, d. ca. 181 CE), was a Greek rhetor and a leading exponent of the Second Sophistic, a philosophical-literary current developed in Asia Minor during the imperial age, between the end of the 1st and the 4th century CE. The five Leuctran orations represent the imagined debate in the Athenian Assembly over which side to support after Thebes beat Sparta in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE, and invited Athens to participate in further campaigns. The manuscript was copied between the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century, and was initially owned by the Byzantine scholar Janus Lascaris (b. 1445?, d. 1535). After the Fall of Constantinople (1453), Lascaris moved to Italy under the protection of Cardinal Bessarion. After the death of the Cardinal, he entered the service of Lorenzo de' Medici in Florence, who sent him to Greece in search of manuscripts. Later on, he was the ambassador of France in Venice, where he became a member of the Greek Academy of Aldus Manutius. He also assisted the French king Louis XII in forming the library of Blois. Matthaeus Devaris (b. 1505, d. 1581), a student of Lascaris, added a pinax, an index of the manuscript. A hypothesis introduces the texts; spaces were left for the titles and the first letters of each oration but these were never completed. Dr Matteo Di Franco

Language(s): Greek

1. f. [i] recto
Devarius, Matthaeus, 1505-1581, Index to the Leuctran orations

Transcription: ἀριστείδου λευκτρικοὶ λόγοι πέντε| αος ὑπὲρ λακεδαιμονίων| βος ὑπὲρ θηβαίων| Γος ὑπὲρ λακεδαιμονίων| Δος ὑπὲρ θηβαίων| εος ὑπὲρ τοῦ μηδετέροις βοηθεῖν|

2. ff. 1r-1v
Hypothesis on Leuctran orations (ed. Dindorf 1829, tom. I , p. 610)
Incipit: f. 1r ⟨(Μ)⟩ετὰ τὸν πελοπον⟨ν⟩ησιακὸν πόλεμον νικήσαντες τοὺς ἀθηναίους λακεδαιμόνιοι
Explicit: f. 1v καὶ ὑπόθεσις μὲν αὕτη· στάσις δὲ πραγματιὴ ἄγραφος
3. ff. 1v-82r
Aristides, Aelius, Leuctran orations (or. 11-15 Lenz-Behr)
3.1. ff. 1v-23r
The first Leuctran oration (or. 11 Lenz-Behr) The first speech on behalf of the Lacedaemonians
Incipit: f. 1v ⟨(Ο)⟩ὕτως ἔχων ὦ ἀθηναῖοι γνώμης ἀνέστηκα ὡς εἰ μὴ λίαν εὔηθες εἰπεῖν ἦν
Explicit: f. 23r ὁμοῦ καὶ χάριν ἐκ λακεδαιμονίων καὶ μνήμην πρὸς ἁπάντων ἔχον διηνεκῆ

TLG 0284.033

3.2. ff. 23r-47r
The second Leuctran oration (or. 12 Lenz-Behr) The first speech on behalf of the Thebans
Incipit: f. 23r ⟨(Ο)⟩ἶμαι μὲν ὦ ἀθηναῖοι μὴ τήμερον πρῶτον περὶ τῆς θηβαίων συμμαχίας ὑμᾶς βουλεύεσθαι μηδ’ ἐξ ὧν ἂν ἡμεῖς εἴπωμεν
Explicit: f. 47r γενοίμην δ’ ἐπὶ λακεδαιμονίοις εἴ τι τῆ θηβαίων εἶπον εὐνοία καὶ μὴ καθαρῶς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἅπαντα

TLG 0284.034

3.3. ff. 47r-57v
The third Leuctran oration (or. 13 Lenz-Behr) The second speech on behalf of the Lacedaemonians
Incipit: f. 47r ⟨(Μ)⟩εθ’ ὑμῶν ὦ ἀθηναῖοι σκεψόμενος παρῆλθον ποτέροις δεῖ με συνειπεῖν
Explicit: f. 57v ἔτι δὲ ὦ ἀθηναῖοι καὶ ὑμῖν δεικνύοιτ’ ἂν ἤδη τό γ’ ἐμὸν μέρος

TLG 0284.035

3.4. ff. 57v-68r
The fourth Leuctran oration (or. 14 Lenz-Behr) The second speech on behalf of the Thebans
Incipit: f. 57v ⟨(Ε)⟩ἰκότως ὦ ἀθηναῖοι πολλῶν λόγων ἐδέησε τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῶν λακεδαιμονίων λέγουσιν
Explicit: f. 68r καὶ μὴ λέγειν μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ συμπράττειν προθύμως

TLG 0284.036

3.5. ff. 68r-82r
The fifth Leuctran oration (or. 15 Lenz-Behr) In defence of aiding neither side
Incipit: f. 68r ⟨(Ε)⟩ἴ τι κἀμοὶ μέτεστιν ὦ ἀθηναῖοι παρρησίας, πειράσομαι περὶ τῶν παρόντων εἰπεῖν ἃ γιγνώσκω
Explicit: f. 82r φοβοῦμαι δὲ ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι μὴ βελτίους ἦτε τὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπανορθοῦν ἢ τὰ ὑμέτερ’ αὐτῶν εὖ τίθεσθαι

TLG 0284.037

4. ff. 82r-87v

Blank folios

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: Western paper, folded in 32mo, sheet size 105 × 70 mm. Watermark: Balance ( 90-100 × 45 mm. ) near the fore-edge comparable to Briquet, 2578-2584, and Harlfinger Balance 65-71.
Extent: Codex: i + 87 leaves. 105 × 70 mm.
Foliation: [i] + 1-87. Foliated in pencil in Arabic numerals in the upper right-hand corner, recto.

Collation

The manuscript consists of 11 quaternions, the last of which is missing a folio.

  • 1 paper endleaf (16th century)
  • Quires 1-108 ff. 1r-80v
  • Quire 118-1 ff. 81r-87v

Quire signatures: brown ink quire marks in Greek numerals from βον (f. 9r) to ιον (f. 73r) in the bottom right of the first folio, recto of the quire, original to the production of the volume.

Condition

In good condition; occasional humidity and water stains (e.g. ff. [i] recto, 18-21, 28-36). There are two wormholes (ff. [i]-19 and 78-87) of2 mm diameter and occasional brown stains (e.g. f. 50r).

Layout

Written space 75 × 50 mm. Main text: 16 lines per page. On ff. 1r, 47r, 57v, 68r titles are missing and one line is blank; two lines on f. 23r.

Hand(s)

f. [i] recto

Matthaeus Devaris RGK II 364, III 440

The main text is written in a small minuscule of the end of the 15th century or the beginning of the 16th century. Slanted to the right, the hand uses several majuscule letters (β, γ, η, λ, π) and ligatures. Presence of modern ny and sigma telikon, and both high and low gamma and tau. Breathings are curved; accents do not join to letters or breathings.

Binding

18th-century board binding covered in quarter mid-brown tanned calfskin with blue-green paper on the sides, not contemporary with the text. 110 × 83 × 21 mm.

Rebacked.

History

Origin: Late 15th or early 16th century.

Provenance and Acquisition

The manuscript belonged initially to the library of the Byzantine scholar Janus Lascaris (?1445-1535) , as testified by his cipher in f. [i] recto (a large kappa whose upper portion of the left vertical stroke serves also for the right half of an appended lambda, and whose bottom part of the vertical stroke has a sigma to the left and a rho to the right; see: Jackson 2003).

Later on, this manuscript entered in the library of the Cardinal Niccolò Ridolfi (1501-1550) . Ridolfi's ownership inscription is preserved on [i] recto: ‘ nº 55 della decimae ’ (sic) (the last two words written over a struck-out ‘ della 21 ’).

The volume was part of the estate of queen of France Catherine de Médici in 1589 (Muratore, La biblioteca).

It seems to have been removed from the French Royal collection before 1622 by Jean-Baptiste Hautin (?1580-1640) , who probably added the ex libris on the left pastedown, and an erroneous description ‘ Aristidis orationes et alia ’.

A certain date of accession is not known, however the manuscript is first recorded among the collections of Cambridge University Library in a catalogue compiled in 1754-56 by Thomas Goodall (now Cambridge, University Library, MS Oo.7.53-55), as Dd.15.26 (see f. [i] recto. The manuscript may have belonged to John Moore (1646-1714) , bishop of Ely, and it contains the donation bookplate engraved by John Pine (1690-1756) in 1736, in commemoration of the purchase and donation of Moore's library by George I (1660-1727) (left pastedown). However, it has not been possible to identify this manuscript among Moore's collections as recorded in Bernard, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ (c. 1697) or in the handwritten supplementary list of Moore's manuscripts (now MS Oo.7.50(2)) compiled by Thomas Tanner (1674-1735) after its publication, and these bookplates are not wholly reliable guides to a manuscript's provenance and acquisition.

D. McKitterick, Cambridge University Library: A History. The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), pp. 141, 215

Additional Information

Record Sources

Description (2019) draws on A catalogue of the Manuscripts preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge, vol. 4, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1861, p. 500.

Availability

Entry to read in the Library is permitted only on presentation of a valid reader's card. For information on eligibility and admissions procedures, see Joining the Library). For further enquiries, and to confirm the availability of the manuscript, please contact the Special Collections Reading Room.

Bibliography

    Unidentified Medici-Regii Greek codices Scriptorium. Revue internationale des études relatives aux manuscrits, Jackson, Donald F. (54, 197-208, 2000) La biblioteca del cardinale Niccolò Ridolfi Hellenica ;, Muratore, Davide (Alessandria, 32, Edizioni dell'Orso,, 2009) P. Aelii Aristidis Opera quae exstant omnia , , , , (Lugduni Batavorum, Brill, 1976) An Old Booklist Revisited: Greek Manuscripts of Janus Lascaris from the Library of Cardinal Niccolò Ridolfi Manuscripta, Jackson, Donald F. (43-44, 77-134, 2003) A catalogue of the manuscripts preserved in the library of the University of Cambridge, (Cambridge, 4, Cambridge University Press, 1861) The Greek Manuscripts of John Moore and Etienne Baluze Codices Manuscripti, , (56/57, 29-42, 2006)

Funding of Cataloguing

The Polonsky Foundation

Digital Images

Cambridge Digital Library