Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, University Library, MS Kk.5.16

Bede, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum ('The Moore Bede')

Contents

Introduction: Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum is the earliest surviving account of English history. Its central theme is the conversion of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms to Christianity and the establishment of the English Church. It was Bede's last major work; he finished writing it in 731, and died a few years later on 25 May 735. This manuscript is the earliest extant copy of Bede's history, and may well have been copied at his own monastery, at Wearmouth or Jarrow, within a few years of his death, perhaps as early as 737. It is usually called the 'The Moore Bede' because, prior to entering the collections of the University of Cambridge in 1715 as a gift from George I, it had been owned by John Moore, bishop of Ely (1707–1714). Moore had acquired it sometime between 1697 and 1702, and before that it had been in France, in the library of the cathedral of St. Julien at Le Mans. The ex libris of St. Julien can be seen at the foot of the last complete leaf (f. 128v). Other evidence on that same page shows that the manuscript had been in France for a very long time, perhaps even since the reign of Charlemagne (reg. 768–814). The travels of the book, as well as its very early date and proximity to the life of Bede himself, make it one of the most important surviving medieval English manuscripts. The book was written by a single scribe using a form of script known as insular minuscule. This type of script facilitated rapid writing, and it may have been deployed at Wearmouth-Jarrow in order to service demand for copies of Bede's works. It made more economical use of the page than the higher-grade uncial script that was used there for the production of elite, biblical manuscripts, such as the Codex Amiatinus (now Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, MS Amiat. 1) or the St. Cuthbert Gospels (now London, British Library, MS Add. 89000). Uncial is used in the Moore Bede occasionally (e.g. f. 24r), for the dating clauses of some of the papal letters that Bede had transcribed into his history. This variation in script for the dating clauses reflects the practices of the papal chancery, and it is another indication that Bede had taken great care to copy his papal sources extremely accurately. The scribe of the Moore Bede wrote in long lines and without word breaks, picking out the beginnings of chapters with simple, large initials, that were sometimes decorated with red dots; book and chapter headings are also rubricated, and longer quotations are marked out with horizontal red bars in the margin (e.g. f. 22r-22v). There is no other form of decoration in the manuscript, and there are no illustrations. The scribe also made many small spelling mistakes. All of these features, alongside the choice of script, add to the impression of a manuscript that was produced at speed, perhaps in response to demand for the works of the great scholar. This is a high quality manuscript, but not a deluxe copy. The last complete leaf (f. 128) is especially important, because it contains several clues to the date of the manuscript and to its subsequent history. The main text finishes near the end of f. 128r with the closing rubric to the entire work written in red. After this the same scribe wrote six more lines, describing events that took place in 731, 732, 733, and 734. These are called the 'Moore Annals', and they provide additional information to Bede's text, which had concluded (on f. 127r) with news of the death of Archbishop Berctuald of Canterbury in 731 and the consecration of Tawine in his place. These entries add new, tantalizing information for the year 731, saying that 'King Ceolwulf was captured, tonsured, and restored to the throne of Northumbria, and Bishop Acca fled from his see'. Bede had dedicated the Historia ecclesiastica to Ceolwulf (see f. 1r) and Acca was his most important patron. The events of 731 that are described in the Moore Annals, but which are not mentioned in the Historia ecclesiastica proper, must have been a rupture in Bede's world, and may even hint at why he concluded his great work in that year. The last of these extra annals records an eclipse of the moon on the second kalends of February 734 (30 Jan), showing that the manuscript cannot have been written before that date. Turning over the page (f. 128v), readers are confronted with an abrupt change: the main text scribe wrote the uppermost 12 lines, using two grades of insular minuscule. But the second part, the lower 18 lines, is in a different script, known as Carolingian (or Caroline) minuscule. Both parts are important. The first scribe copied three texts on this page: Cædmon's Hymn, in the Northumbrian Old English dialect, on lines 1–3 (one of the earliest surviving pieces of English verse); an ascription of the Hymn to Cædmon, plus three glosses on line 4; and a Memorandum relating to Northumbrian history. This last item incorporates a Northumbrian kinglist from the accession of Ida in 547 to Ceolwulf (reg. 729–737), who, it says, had reigned for eight years, plus a set of calculations giving the number of years since an event had happened (e.g. 'the monastery at Wearmouth, 63 years ago'). All these calculations work back from a common date, 737. Because both the Hymn and Memorandum were written by the scribe who had also copied the main part of the manuscript, this set of calculations provides the earliest possible date for the copying of the book. Also, since the Memorandum would have made little sense had it been transcribed very much after the common date which it provides, most scholars have concluded, on palaeographic as well as textual grounds, that the scribe of the Moore Bede worked in or not long after 737. The remainder of the leaf reveals what happened next. The texts on the lower part of the page were written by a Carolingian scribe, whose hand, Bernhard Bischoff thought, was very similar to those that had worked on manuscripts linked to Charlemagne's court around the year 800 (e.g. London, British Library, Harley MS 2788). This suggests that the manuscript had left Anglo-Saxon England before the end of the 8th century. The Carolingian scribe copied two texts: an extract from Isidore's Etymologiae on consanguinity, and part of the decree of Pope Gregory II from the Roman council of 721, which had also discussed the prohibited degrees of marriage. This continued onto the next page, of which only a stub now survives, and which had been lost before the St Julien ex libris was added to the foot of f. 128v. These additions concerning acceptable marital relationships were doubtless added to the Moore Bede as commentary on Gregory the Great's contentious discussion of exactly these issues in the Libellus Responsionum, which Bede had quoted in full in the Historia ecclesiastica (Book I, chapter 27). There are other Carolingian interventions in the book, which show that Frankish readers were using it carefully. In the early pages there are many interlinear glosses made by a Carolingian scribe. These glosses often expand idiosyncratic insular abbreviations, or spell out words made difficult by unfamiliar ligatures. For example, on f. 22r, the text scribe had used a hooked 'h', which the Carolingian scribe correctly glossed with the word 'autem'. These interventions show a scribe working through the strange insular script, and making notes to make it easier for others to follow. Twice a Carolingian scribe used a late antique system of shorthand, known as Tironian notes, to make a longer annotation: in the outer margins of f. 17v these read 'de consanguinitate' referring (yet again) to the fifth answer of Gregory's Libellus Responsionum alongside; and on f. 20v they are used to rectify an extensive scribal omission from Gregory's ninth answer. This manuscript left another important footprint in Francia: the vast majority of the continental copies of Bede's Historia ecclesiastica can be shown, through collation of textual variants, to have been derived from a handful of early exports. The Moore Bede dominates the 'Continental stemma', and multiple copies were made of it, including the supplementary material on permissible marriage. This suggests that the Moore Bede was kept (initially at least) in a place which had the capacity to make and distribute authoritative copies. Charlemagne's court, or a scriptorium associated with it, would make sense in this context, and a scholar, such as Alcuin of York, might well have been responsible for supplying a book of this type, to be copied and transmitted throughout the churches of Francia. Professor Joanna Story|Professor of Early Medieval History| University of Leicester

Language(s): Latin

1. 1r-128r
Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum Bede
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 1r: Gloriosissimo rego ceoluulfo beda famulus christi et presbyter
Explicit: 128r: Teque deprecor bone iesus ut cui propitius donasti verba tuae scientiae dulciter aurire dones et benignis aliquando ad te fontem onis sapientiae pervenire et parere semper ante faciem tuum
Final rubric: 128r: Explicit domino iuuante liber u historie ecclesiastice gentis anglorum
Smith (1722), using this manuscript
Plummer (1896), MS 'M'
Colgrave and Mynors (1969), with parallel translation
Lapidge and Chiesa (2008-10), MS 'M', with parallel translation (Italian)
2. 128r
Language(s): Latin
'Moore Annals'
Incipit: 128r: Anno dccxxxi Ceoluulf rex captus et adtonsus et remissus in regnum
Explicit: 128r: dehinc nigredine subsequente ad lucem propriam reversa

Annals for the years 731-734. The first two record events in Northumbrian history and the latter two refer to eclipses of the sun and moon respectively.

Blair (1959), p. 12
Storey (2009), pp. 183-84, with translation
3. 128v
Language(s): Old English, with final rubric in Latin and Old English
Hymn Cædmon
Incipit: 128v: nu scylun hergan hefaenricaes uard
Explicit: 128v: firum foldu frea allmectig
Final rubric: 128v: primo cantavit caedmon istud carmen. arula hearth destina feurstud iugulum sticung nota rubrica
Blair (1959), pp. 12-13
4. 128v
Language(s): Latin
'Moore Memorandum'
Incipit: 138v: Anno dclvii Ida regnare coepit a quo regalis nordanhymbrorum propria originem
Explicit: 138v: Angli in Britanniam ante annos ccxcii

Includes a list of Northumbrian kings ending with Ceolwulf and a set of calculations for events all working from the date 737.

Blair (1950), p. 246
Blair (1959), p. 13
5. 128v
Language(s): Latin
'De consanguinitate' (extract from the Etymologiae) Isidore of Seville
Incipit: 128v: Beatus hysidorus de consanguinitate sic loquitur
Explicit: 128v: ita propinquitas generis tot gradibus terminaretur
Final rubric: 128v: hucusque hysidori procedit sentencia
6. 128v
Language(s): Latin
On consanguinity (extract from papal decree) Pope Gregory II
Rubric: 128v: Item ex decretum papae gregorii iunioris qui nunc romanam catholicam regit materem ecclesiam...
Incipit: 128v: I. Si quis [...] . II . Si quis monacham
Explicit: 128v: Si quis novercam aut nurum duxerit in coniugium anathema sit||

Ends imperfectly. Sections VII and VIII, together with further text, continued on the following leaf, of which remains only a stub bearing fragmentary text (f. 129, partly visible in the image of f. [b] recto). A clearer image of the text on this stub may be found in EEMF (1959).

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 3r: sed fideli
Form: codex
Support: Parchment (mixed)

'E.A. Lowe remarks "apparently the outside of quires shows flesh; within the quire flesh faces hair"...[but] [t]here are a great many leaves whose opposite sides are so alike that it seems impossible to distinguish hair from flesh by the criteria of colour or texture' (P.H. Blair in Preface to EEMF (1959), p. 11 and n. 3).

Comprehensive identification of hair and flesh sides by Jiří Vnouček in February 2026 as part of the Insular Manuscripts Project has exposed the reasons for Lowe's uncertainty. Only a minority of quires exhibit a regular disposition, but of differing patterns: either HFHF (Quires 1, 5 and 10) or FHFH (Quire 8), or (unusually for manuscripts of this period) HFFH (Quire 4). In others, the disposition is a mixture of the contrasting arrangements (Quires 3, 12) or a combination of one or other of them with the arrangement of hair and flesh sides facing one another (Quires 2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12). A full diagram is available on request.

Extent: Codex: iii + 128 + i leaves. 285 × 220 mm.
Foliation:

19th-century foliation:

[a] + i-ii + 1-128 + [b]

Written in pencil in the upper right-hand corner of the recto of each leaf, by Henry Bradshaw, University Librarian 1867-1886.

Collation

  • Quire 110 (ff. 1-10: 4th and 8th leaves, ff. 4 and 8, are singletons)
  • Quire 210 (ff. 11-20)
  • Quire 310 (ff. 21-30: 6th and 8th leaves, ff. 28 and 28, are singletons)
  • Quires 4-510 (ff. 31-50)
  • Quire 610-1 (ff. 51-59: 9th leaf, after f. 58, cancelled)
  • Quire 710 (ff. 60-69: 4th and 8th leaves, ff. 63 and 67, are singletons)
  • Quires 8-1210 (ff. 70-119)
  • Quire 1310-1 (ff. 120-128: 10th leaf, after f. 128, missing)

110 (4th and 8th leaves singletons) 210 310 (6th and 8th leaves singletons) 4-510 610-1 (9th leaf cancelled) 710 (4th and 8th leaves singletons) 8-1210 1310-1 (10th leaf missing)

No leaf signatures.

Quire numbering in Roman numerals, written in the centre of the bottom margin of the verso of the last leaf of each quire (occasionally trimmed / omitted).

No catchwords.

Condition

The parchment has gelatinised with age in numerous places. Folio 1r is faded, stained and abraded, and consequently the text is almost illegible in places. Some leaves have irregular edges, arising from the use of parchment from the edge of the skin (e.g. ff. 3, 7, 63, 73, 91). The manuscript has been trimmed. However, several leaves are narrower than the rest (e.g. ff. 25, 26, 44, 52), with no evidence of loss of marginalia, and frequent examples of scribal contraction on these leaves furthermore indicates that the text was originally copied up to the edge of the leaves. In other places, though, marginal glosses have in part been trimmed (e.g. f. 19v).

For a detailed account of the manuscript's condition, see P.H. Blair in the Preface to EEMF (1959), pp. 13-15.

Layout

255-160 × 185-190 mm. Ruled in hardpoint, frame and line. Single columns, 29-34 lines to the page, written above top line.

Hand(s)

For a detailed description of the handwriting, spacing, peculiarities, omissions, scribal errors, and punctuation, see P.H. Blair in the Preface to EEMF (1959), pp. 15-23.

Written in Insular minuscule, by a single scribe, in scripta continua (i.e. no spaces between words), suggesting that it was written at speed.

Rubrics written in uncial or Insular majuscule.

The excerpts from Isidore and a papal decree (f. 128v) written in Caroline minuscule.

Decoration

Plain initials, in the same ink as the text, outlined by dots of red.

Chapter rubrics and chapter numbers in the list of chapters that precede each book are all written in red.

Additions

Many marginal notes by the text scribe, the most extensive of which are merely short phrases.

Numerous interlinear glosses, principally expanding or providing continental equivalents of the Insular abbreviations in the text, added by a continental scribe.

'beda de historia anglorum': added to the top margin of f. 2r by a 15th-century French hand.

Two inscriptions by 17th-century French hands on f. i verso: the title of the work and beneath it 'Auctore Beda'. Bradshaw identified these as the hand of J.B. Hautin (see Provenance).

'One leaf cancelled, nothing wanting' (f. 58v, right-hand corner, bottom margin) and 'f. 129 gone' (f. 128v, top margin): notes on collation by Henry Bradshaw, University Librarian 1867-1886.

Binding

Full brown tanned calfskin over pasteboards, probably 18th-century. Repaired by Stoakley and Son (label adhered to front pastedown), and rebacked and repairs to leather covers by W.H. Smith and Son , July 1959 (note by H.L. Pink on front pastedown).

History

Origin: Mid-8th century (after 737). ; Wearmouth-Jarrow.

Produced after 734 and probably in or 737 or shortly thereafter, perhaps at Wearmouth-Jarrow Abbey.

Provenance and Acquisition

The presence of numerous glosses throughout, and some textual additions at the end of the manuscript, all written by continental scribes, indicates that the manuscript was taken abroad at an early stage, and perhaps by the beginning of the 9th century. It has been suggested by Bernhard Bischoff that it may have been at Charlemagne's court, since the hand responsible for the additions at the end is similar to another that worked on manuscripts linked to it around the year 800 (e.g. London, British Library, Harley MS 2788).

'S. Juliani' (f. 128v): 17th-century ?ownership inscription of the Cathedral of Saint-Julien, Le Mans.

Perhaps in the hands of J.B. Hautin, probably to be identified with Jean Baptiste II Hautin, son of the French scholar and numismatist Jean-Baptiste Hautin (approximately b. 1580 d. 1640) (or possibly with his nephew Jean Baptiste III; on the problem of the identification of Hautin see Donald Jackson, 'The Greek manuscripts of John Moore and Etienne Baluze', Codices Manuscripti, 56/57 (2006), 29-42, pp. 38-40). The inscriptions on f. i verso were identified by Henry Bradshaw as by the hand of J.B. Hautin and the majuscule 'B' in 'Beda' bears a resemblance to that found in inscriptions of his name in other manuscripts owned by John Moore (see below).

John Moore (1646-1714), bishop of Ely : no. 994 in the handwritten supplementary list of Moore's manuscripts, now MS Oo.7.50(2), compiled by Thomas Tanner (1674-1735) after the publication of Bernard, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ (c. 1697).

Presented to the University Library in 1715 by George I : donation bookplate engraved by John Pine in 1736 on the front pastedown.

Additional Information

Record Sources

This catalogue entry draws on the introduction to the facsimile volume of The Moore Bede by Peter Hunter Blair (Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1959) and the description of the manuscript by N. R. Ker in Manuscripts containing Anglo-Saxon, rev. ed. (1990).

Availability

Entry to read in the Library is permitted only on presentation of a valid reader's card. For information on eligibility and admissions procedures, see Joining the Library). For further enquiries, and to confirm the availability of the manuscript, please contact the Special Collections Reading Room.

Custodial History

'The Syndics of Cambridge University Library kindly allowed the book to be pulled so that photographs could be taken for this facsimile. It was then bound afresh in a way which allows the leaves to lie flat when the book is opened.' P.H. Blair, in Preface to EEMF (1959), p. 11: see Bibliography / Facsimiles.
The manuscript was displayed as part of the exhibition Writing Poetry: Manuscript Verse, 250 BC to 2000 AD (Cambridge University Library, 11 May-18 December 2004) (ff. 128v-129r).
The manuscript was displayed as part of the exhibition His Royal Favour: the books that built the Library (Cambridge University Library, 2 October 2015-23 December 2016) (ff. 76v-77r).
The manuscript was displayed as part of the exhibition Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms: Art, Word, War (British Library, 19 October 2018-19 February 2019) (ff. 21v-22r).

Bibliography

    Manuscript descriptions:

    A catalogue of the manuscripts preserved in the library of the University of Cambridge, (Cambridge, 3: Gg-Kk, Cambridge University Press, 1858) Venerabilis Baedae opera historica, (Oxonii, 1, Clarendon, 1896) The Abbreviation-Symbols of ergo, igitur Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen, Lindsay, W. M. (29, 2, 56-63, 1912, 2020-04-18T09:28:16Z, http://www.digizeitschriften.de/dms/img/?PID=GDZPPN000271632) The manuscripts of Bede Bede: his life, times and writings, James, M.R. (Oxford, 230-236, Clarendon, 1935) Codices Latini antiquiores, Lowe, E.A. (Oxford, 2: Great Britain and Ireland: a palaeographical guide to Latin manuscripts prior to the 9th century, Clarendon Press, 1935) Libri Sancti Kyliani: die Würzburger Schreibschule und die Dombibliothek im VIII. und IX. Jahrhundert Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte des Bistums und Hochstifts Würzburg, Bischoff, BernhardHofmann, Josef (Würzburg, F. Schöningh, 1952) Catalogue of manuscripts containing Anglo-Saxon, Ker, N.R. (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1957) English uncial, Lowe, E.A. (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1960) Citation marks in early Latin manuscripts (with a list of citation marks in manuscripts earlier than A.D. 800 in English and Irish libraries) Scriptorium, McGurk, Patrick (15, 3-13, 1961) Review of P. Hunter Blair, <hi rend="italics">The Moore Bede</hi> [EEMF 9] Anglia: Zeitschrift fur Englische Philologie, Wright, David H. (82, 110-117, 1964) Mittelalterliche Studien: ausgewählte Aufsätze zur Schriftkunde und Literaturgeschichte, Bischoff, Bernhard (Stuttgart, 3, Hiersemann, 1966) Bede's <hi rend="italics">Ecclesiastical history of the English people</hi> Oxford medieval texts, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1969) On the dating of early Bede manuscripts Studia Neophilologica, Arngart, O. (45, 1, 47–52, 1973, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00393277308587547) Review of <hi rend="italics">Chartae Latinae Antiquiores 3-5</hi>, ed. by A. Bruckner and R. Marichal Historische Zeitschrift, Bischoff, Bernhard (223, 689-786, 1976, http://www.digizeitschriften.de/dms/img/?PID=PPN331411849_0223&physid=PHYS_0719) The Irish element in the Insular system of scripts to circa AD 850 Die Iren und Europa im früheren Mittelalter Veröffentlichungen des Europa Zentrums Tübingen. Kulturwissenschaftliche Reihe, Brown, T.J. (Stuttgart, 101-119, Klett-Cotta, 1982) The scriptorium of Wearmouth-Jarrow The Jarrow lectures, Parkes, M.B. (Jarrow, St. Paul's Church, 1982) Manuscripts from Anglo-Saxon England: an exhibition in the University Library Cambridge to mark the conference of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists, August 1985, (Cambridge, Cambridge University Library, 1985) Paläographie des römischen Altertums und des abendländischen Mittelalters Grundlagen der Germanistik, Bischoff, Bernhard (Berlin, Erich Schmidt Verlag, 1986) Cambridge University Library: a history, McKitterick, David (Cambridge, 2: The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Cambridge University Press, 1986) Graphic Cues for Presentation of Verse in the Earliest English Manuscripts of the Historia Ecclesiastica Manuscripta, O’Keeffe, Katherine O’Brien (31, 3, 139-146, 1987, https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/abs/10.1484/J.MSS.3.1243) The Épinal, Erfurt, Werden, and Corpus glossaries Early English manuscripts in facsimile, Bischoff, Bernhard (Copenhagen, Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1988) Catalogue of dated and datable manuscripts c. 737-1600 in Cambridge libraries, Robinson, P.R. (Cambridge, D.S. Brewer, 1988) The Carolingians and the written word, McKitterick, Rosamond (Cambridge, University Press, 1989, https://www-fulcrum-org.ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/concern/monographs/v118rd69b) Old English manuscripts: the scribal deconstruction of 'early' Northumbrian ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews (formerly American Notes and Queries), Kiernan, Kevin S. (n.s. 3, 2, 48-55, 1990) Old English verse texts from many sources: a comprehensive collection Early English manuscripts in facsimile, Robinson, Fred C.Stanley, E.G. (Copenhagen, Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1991) The Making of England: Anglo-Saxon art and culture, AD 600-900, Webster, LeslieBackhouse, Janet (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1991) Pause and effect: an introduction to the history of punctuation in the West, Parkes, M.B. (Aldershot, Scolar Press, 1992) Space between words: the origins of silent reading Figurae, Saenger, Paul Henry (Stanford, Ca., Stanford University Press, 1997) Katalog der festländischen Handschriften des neunten Jahrhunderts (mit Ausnahme der wisigotischen) Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften: Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für die Herausgabe der mittelalterlichen Bibliothekskataloge Deutschlands und der Schweiz, Bischoff, Bernhard (Wiesbaden, I: Aachen-Lambach, Harrassowitz, 1998) A palaeographer's review: the insular system of scripts in the early middle ages, Dumville, D.N. (Osaka, Institute of Oriental and Occidental Studies, Kansai University, 1999) The archetype of Beowulf Anglo-Saxon England, Lapidge, Michael (29, 5-41, 2000, http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/archetype-of-beowulf/46EF802A22CC264F02C90C8897300242) The <hi rend="italics">Timaeus</hi> in Old English Lexis and texts in early English: studies presented to Jane Roberts Costerus. New series, Szarmach, Paul E. (Amsterdam, 255-267, Rodopi, 2001) Style and layout of Anglo-Saxon manuscripts Anglo-Saxon styles SUNY series in medieval studies, Schipper, W. (New York, 151-168, State University of New York, 2003, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/cam/detail.action?docID=3408413) The Cambridge Illuminations: Ten Centuries of Book Production in the Medieval West, (London, Harvey Miller, 2005) The Anglo-Saxon library, Lapidge, Michael (Oxford, University Press, 2006, 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199239696.001.0001) The study of Englo-Saxon manuscripts, collections and scribes: in the footsteps of Wanley and Ker Writing and texts in Anglo-Saxon England Publications of the Manchester center for Anglo-Saxon Studies, Rumble, Alexander R. (Woodbridge, 1-17, Boydell & Brewer, 2006) The two earliest manuscripts of Bede's <hi rend="italics">Ecclesiastical History</hi>? Anglo-Saxon [Aberdeen], Dumville, David N. (1, 55-108, 2007) Storia degli inglesi = <hi rend="italics">Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum</hi> Scrittori greci e latini, (Rome: Milan, Fondazione Lorenzo Valla; A. Mondadori, 2008) Writing in the Insular world Cambridge history of the book in Britain, Brown, Michelle P. (Cambridge, 1: c. 400-1100, 121-166, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi-org.ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/10.1017/CHOL9780521583459.005) Anglo-Saxon scribes and scriptoria Cambridge history of the book in Britain, Gameson, Richard (Cambridge, 1: c. 400-1100, 94-120, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521583459.004) The material fabric of early British books The Cambridge history of the book in Britain, Gameson, Richard (Cambridge, 1: c. 400-1100, 13-93, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521583459.003) The library of Alcuin's York Cambridge history of the book in Britain, Garrison, Mary (Cambridge, 1: c. 400-1100, 633-664, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi-org.ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/10.1017/CHOL9780521583459.033)

Bibliography

    Editions:

    <hi rend="italics">Historiæ ecclesiasticæ gentis Anglorum libri quinque</hi>, (Cantabrigiæ, Typis Academicis, 1722) Venerabilis Baedae opera historica, (Oxonii, Clarendon, 1896) The Moore memoranda on Northumbrian History The early cultures of North-Western Europe, Blair, P.H. (Cambridge, University Press, 1950) Bede's <hi rend="italics">Ecclesiastical history of the English people</hi> Oxford medieval texts, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1969) Storia degli inglesi = <hi rend="italics">Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum</hi> Scrittori greci e latini, (Rome: Milan, Fondazione Lorenzo Valla; A. Mondadori, 2008) After Bede: continuing the <hi rend="italics">Ecclesiastical History</hi> Early Medieval Studies in Memory of Patrick Wormald Studies in Early Medieval Britain, Storey, Joanna (Farnham, 165-184, Ashgate, 2009)

Bibliography

    Translations:

    Bede's <hi rend="italics">Ecclesiastical history of the English people</hi> Oxford medieval texts, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1969) <hi rend="italics">Ecclesiastical history of the English people</hi> with Bede's letter to Egbert and Cuthbert's letter on the death of Bede Penguin classics, (London, Penguin, 2003) Storia degli inglesi = <hi rend="italics">Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum</hi> Scrittori greci e latini, (Rome: Milan, Fondazione Lorenzo Valla; A. Mondadori, 2008) After Bede: continuing the <hi rend="italics">Ecclesiastical History</hi> Early Medieval Studies in Memory of Patrick Wormald Studies in Early Medieval Britain, Storey, Joanna (Farnham, 165-184, Ashgate, 2009)

Bibliography

    Facsimiles:

    The Moore Bede: Cambridge University Library MS Kk.5.16 Early English manuscripts in facsimile, Hunter Blair, PeterMynors, R.A.B. (Copenhagen, 9, Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1959)

Bibliography

    Manuscript decoration:

    Graphic Cues for Presentation of Verse in the Earliest English Manuscripts of the Historia Ecclesiastica Manuscripta, O’Keeffe, Katherine O’Brien (31, 3, 139-146, 1987, https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/abs/10.1484/J.MSS.3.1243)

Bibliography

    Secondary studies:

    Studies in the history of Old English literature, Sisam, Kenneth (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1953) Mittelalterliche Studien: ausgewählte Aufsätze zur Schriftkunde und Literaturgeschichte, Bischoff, Bernhard (Stuttgart, 3, Hiersemann, 1966) Northumbria and the Book of Kells Anglo-Saxon England, Brown, T. JulianVerey, C.D. (1, 219-246, 1972, http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/northumbria-and-the-book-of-kells/530B4A779F21BE6D2F05DBBE764D8251) An historical introduction to the use of Classical Latin authors in the British Isles from the 5th to the 11th century Settimane, Brown, T. Julian (22, 237-299, 1975) Alcuin, <hi rend="italics">The Bishops, Kings and Saints of York</hi> Oxford medieval texts, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1982) Texts and transmission: a survey of the Latin classics, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1983) Orality and the developing text of Caedmon's Hymn Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies, O'Keeffe, Katherine O'Brien (62, 1, 1-20, 1987) Anglo-Saxon missionaries in Germany: reflections on the manuscript evidence Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society, McKitterick, Rosamond (9, 4, 291-329, 1989, https://www.jstor.org/stable/41154664) Reading Cædmon's Hymn with someone else's glosses Representations, Kiernan, Kevin S. (32, 157-174, 1990) A palaeographer's view: the selected writings of Julian Brown, Brown, T. Julian (London, Harvey Miller, 1993) Manuscripts and libraries in the age of Charlemagne Cambridge studies in palaeography and codicology, Bischoff, Bernhard (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994) A neglected early-ninth-century manuscript of the Lindisfarne Vita S. Cuthberti Anglo-Saxon England, Bullough, Donald A. (27, 105-137, 1998, http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/neglected-earlyninthcentury-manuscript-of-the-lindisfarne-vita-s-cuthberti/F20FDE21F513E73AB9D356D653DC66E9) History and memory in the Carolingian world, McKitterick, Rosamond (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004) Manuscripts from the Anglo-Saxon age, Brown, Michelle P. (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2007) The Latin exemplar of the Old English <hi rend="italics">Bede</hi>, Lapidge, Michael (Udine, 235-246, Forum, 2008) Author's variants in the textual transmission of Bede's <hi rend="italics">Historia ecclesiastica</hi>? Filologia Mediolatina: Rivista della Fondazione Ezio Franceschini, Lapidge, Michael (16, 1-15, 2009) After Bede: continuing the <hi rend="italics">Ecclesiastical History</hi> Early Medieval Studies in Memory of Patrick Wormald Studies in Early Medieval Britain, Storey, Joanna (Farnham, 165-184, Ashgate, 2009) Exchanges between the British Isles and the Continent, c. 450-c. 900 The Cambridge history of the book in Britain, McKitterick, Rosamond (Cambridge, 1: c. 400-1100, 313-337, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521583459.013)

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