Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.6.5

Constantinus Africanus, al-Khwarizmi, Hermannus Contractus, and other texts

Contents

Introduction: The manuscript is a composite item and consists of several parts: one two-leaf fragment, and three parts consisting of one or more quires deriving from originally separate manuscript sources. There is evidence to suggest that all of the parts have been together since the later Middle Ages. First, a medieval collator added alphanumeric leaf signatures in red ink in a sequence that crosses the composite parts of the manuscript. Secondly, one of the artists who worked on Part 2 added flourished initials to the empty spaces left for initials in Part 4, see e.g., f. 63v (in Part 2) and f. 122v (in Part 4). There is also evidence that quires have been lost from the volume since the composite parts were united. The current Quire 14 contains the first half of al-Khwarazmi's Arithmetic in Latin, and catchwords on the last verso of that quire f. 111v suggest that the text once continued onto a subsequent quire, now lost. Separately, the current Quire 15 ends part of the way through Chapter 10 of Hermannus Contractus' De utilitatibus astrolabii, and the opening of Quire 16 begins part of the way through Chapter 19 of that text, which suggests that there was once an intervening quire with the remainder of Chapter 10, through to the beginning of Chapter 19 of that text. Both quires, however, must have been missing since at least the late middle ages as the leaf signatures and catchwords of the medieval collator treat Quires 14-16 as a single sequence without any gaps. Part 1 of this manuscript is an early 12th century fragment from a bible or biblical lectionary. The leaves (particularly f. i recto are coated in an adhesive residue and were probably used as binding waste in an earlier binding. Part 2 of this manuscript is a substantial extract from a medical manuscript and may have been bound separately in its entirety when it was first made (see the stains and damage caused by metal binding fittings on f. 103). Part 2 contains several medical texts including the Uiaticum of Constantinus Africanus and De somno et uigilia by Roger Bacon. Part 3 of this manuscript contains the first half of al-Khwarazmi's Arithmetic in a 13th century copy in Latin; catchwords at the bottom of f. 111v suggest that the text was once complete, but the second half of the text has since been lost. The text of the Arithmetic is known only from this copy and one other: New York, Hispanic Society of America, HC 397/726 , the original Arabic version and all other Latin copies have been lost. Part 4 was copied in England in the last part of the eleventh century, or the first half of the twelfth century and contains texts on astronomy and in particular on the use of astrolabes. At the end of Part 4 there is a circular diagram on f. 127r with the circle divided into 25 segments and the centre and four cardinal points are marked a-e. The manuscript belonged to Bury St Edmunds in the later middle ages; a list of the contents of the composite volume in a Bury hand is present on f. 2v which enumerates the following items:
  • Liber constantini monachi cassinensis qui dicitur uiatecum
  • Ars algorismi
  • Composicio astrolabii'
| and a set of sermon texts no longer in the volume under the designation 'S.62' -
  • 'Sermones antiqui notabiles et devoti
  • Exposicio misse que sic inc In uirtute sancte crucis
  • Item sermones cum aliis notulis
  • Item De inquisicionibus in confessione faciendis secundi magistri Willelmum de monte.'
| For all of its losses, what remains is a lively cross-section of up-to-date medieval scientific and astronomical texts available in England in the 12th and 13th centuries at a well-connected monastery. Dr Sarah Gilbert| Project Cataloguer| Curious Cures in Cambridge Libraries

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: Parchment (HFFH).
Extent: Codex: ii + 2 | 102 | 8 | 16 + ii leaves.
Foliation:

20th-century foliation.

[a-b] + i-ii | 1-101, 103 | 104-111 | 112-127 + [c-d]

Foliated in the upper outer corner of each recto in pencil in Hindu-Arabic numerals, mostly by H.L. Pink .

Folio number f. 102 assigned to leaf no longer present in the volume (as per historic foliation practice at Cambridge University Library).

Folio numbers enclosed in [square brackets] have been assigned to leaves that have not been numbered physically in the volume.

Collation

The manuscript is a composite item and consists of several parts: one 2-leaf fragment, and three parts consisting of one or more quires. The majority of the extant quires are gatherings of 8 leaves, with variation in quire size typically found at the beginning and the end of the parts. The 9th leaf of Quire 10 is an inserted singleton. The 5th leaf of Quire 13 is absent and may have been blank and later excised: following historic foliation practice at Cambridge University Library, this leaf has been assigned a folio number (f. 102), though it is not certain that text is missing as a consequence of its removal.

There are traces of at least two lost quires within the manuscript. The current Quire 14 contains the first half of al-Khwarazmi's Arithmetic in Latin, and catchwords on the last verso of that quire f. 111v suggest that the text once continued onto a subsequent quire, now lost. The current Quire 15 ends part of the way through Chapter 10 of Hermannus Contractus' De utilitatibus astrolabii, and the opening of Quire 16 begins part of the way through Chapter 19 of that text, which suggests that there was once an intervening quire with the remainder of Chapter 10, through to the beginning of Chapter 19 of that text. Both quires have been missing since at least the late Medieval period as a medieval collator has added leaf signatures and catchwords to the volume that treat Quires 14-16 as a sequence without any gaps.

There are two paper endleaves at each end of the volume, ff. [a]-[b] at the beginning, and ff. [c]-[d] at the end. The rest of the leaves are arranged as follows:

  • Fragment: 2 parchment leaves (ff. i-ii) |
  • Parchment endleaves: (ff. 1-2) +
  • Quires 1-68 (ff. 3-50)
  • Quire 74 (ff. 51-54)
  • Quires 8-98 (ff. 55-70)
  • Quire 1010+1 (ff. 71-81; 9th leaf, f. 81, inserted)
  • Quires 11-128 (ff. 82-97)
  • Quire 136-1 (ff. 98-103; 5th leaf cancelled, but counted in foliation as f. 102) |
  • Quire 148 (ff. 104-111) |
  • Quires 15-168 (ff. 112-127)

i-ii | ff. 1-2 + Quires 1-68 74 8-98 1010+1 (9th inserted) 11-128 136-1 (5th missing) | 148 | 15-168

A late-medieval collator has added alphanumeric leaf signatures to several quires across the composite parts of the manuscript; these signatures demonstrate that the manuscript has been in its current composite arrangement since the later middle ages. Where the quires have late-medieval alphanumeric leaf signatures, the signatures are in red ink and appear on the rectos of the first half of each quire in the format 'letter + Roman numeral' where the Roman numeral expresses the position of the leaf within the quire, e.g., 'b iii' indicates the third leaf of quire 'b'. Quires 10 and 11 are designated 'a' and 'b' and Quires 14-16 are designated as 'x', 'y', 'z' respectively. Quires 7, 9, 12, and 13 all have Roman numerals in red ink on the leaves in the first half of each quire, but no letter designations.

A late-medieval collator has added catchwords to several quires acrss the composite parts of the manuscript; these catchwords demonstrate that the manuscript has been in its current composite arrangement since the late middle ages. At f. 111v there are both the catchwords for a lost quire in the hand of the main scribe of that text 'Sicque constitues .viii.', and catchwords by the later-medieval collator 'est quidem' which reproduces the text on the following recto which belongs to a separate composite part.

Additions

An ownership inscription and list of the contents of the volume in a ?15th century Bury hand on 2v under the siglum 'U' for 'Uiaticum'. The list is headed 'Liber Sancti Edmundi Regis in quo continentur':

  • Liber constantini monachi cassinensis qui dicitur uiatecum
  • Ars algorismi
  • Composicio astrolabii'
| and is followed by a set of sermon texts no longer in the volume under the designation 'S.62' -
  • Sermones antiqui notabiles et devoti
  • Exposicio misse que sic inc In uirtute sancte crucis
  • Item sermones cum aliis notulis
  • Item De inquisicionibus in confessione faciendis secundi magistri Willelmum de monte

This list of the contents, and the later-medieval sequences of quire designations, catchwords, and flourished initials that cross the composite parts of the volume indicate that all of the extant parts were together in Bury St Edmunds by the later middle ages. Quires 15 and 16, which contain a note on the calculation of the meridian of Bury St Edmunds, were almost certainly written there, but more research is needed to determine whether Quires 1-14 were written at Bury St Edmunds, or copied elsewhere and combined in Bury St Edmunds by the later middle ages.

A later medieval artist has added missing initials in the 'flourished' decorative style across several parts of the manuscript. The first of these additional pen-flourished initials appears on f. 49v and the artist continues to fill in missing initials throughout the volume, taking over the majority of the work on the major initials from f. 63r to the end of the volume, and even added the missing initials to the late-11th or early-12th century Quires 15 and 16.

Quire signatures ('1-16') in the bottom right-hand corner of the recto side of the first leaf of each quire, and '+' in the same position on the first leaf after the centre of the quire, written in pencil by a hand of the 19th century.

Collation formula written on the rear pastedown by H.L. Pink .

Binding

Rebound by J.P. Gray and Son in July 1958; stamp on the front pastedown. Quarter bound in dark brown Morocco with marbled-paper sides and parchment-tipped fore-edge corners over millboard. Marbled paper has a wave design and is in shades of muted sunset oranges and pinks with touches of ochre, cream, and light blue. Four raised bands with blind single-fillets along the upper and lower perimeter of each band. Spine is capped at head and tail by the backing leather and no head or tail bands are visible. Title and shelfmark tooled in gold in separate compartments: ‘CONSTANTINUS AFRICANUS etc.’ and ‘Ii.6.5’. All quires taken down and remounted on guard strips during the 1958 rebinding.

Paper pastedowns pasted over the turn ins. The front pastedown contains:

  • Stamp of (re-)binder J. P. Gray and Son and date of rebinding written in ink below
  • Cambridge University Library bookplate
  • Shelfmark 'Ii.6.5' and a CUL size designation 'G', both in pencil
The rear pastedown contains a collation statement in pencil.

Two paper endleaves added at each end of the volume during the rebinding, ff. [a]-[b] and [c]-[d]; all paper endleaves blank.

The leaves f. i recto and 127v may be former pastedowns as both have adhesive residue on their sides adjacent to the boards.

History

Provenance and Acquisition

Ownership inscription and list of the contents on 2v showing that the volume (i.e., all composite parts) belonged to the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds by the late-14th century as the ownership inscription and the list of the contents are in the hand of Bury monk Henry of Kirkestead (d. c. 1378).

John Moore (1646-1714) , bishop of Ely: no. 911 (f. 3r) in the handwritten supplementary list of Moore's manuscripts, now MS Oo.7.50(2), compiled by Thomas Tanner (1674-1735) after the publication of Bernard, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ (c. 1697). Also recorded as no. 57 (on p. 390) in the Appendix to Moore's library in Bernard.

Presented to the University Library in 1715 by George I : donation bookplate engraved by John Pine in 1736 on the front pastedown.

Part 1 [Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.6.5, ff. i-ii]

Contents

Language(s): Latin

1. i recto - ii verso
Extracts from Exodus 9:21-35; 10:1-12; extracts from Numbers 3:42-7:11 ; extracts from Numbers 7:5-10:4
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: || i recto dimisit seruos suos et iumenta in agris . Et dixit Dominus ad
Explicit: ii recto moysen . Singuli duces per singulos dies offerant munera ||

Extracts from biblical books rather than complete biblical works - perhaps a fragment of a lectionary.

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: ii recto: recensuit moyses sicut Dominus praecepit primogenitos filiorum Israhel
Form: codex
Support: Parchment (HFFH).
Extent: Fragment: 2 leaves (ff. i-ii). 167 × 130 mm.

Condition

Text lost to trimming. Both leaves stained and rubbed - some text lost to rubbing. Lower part of f. i torn away and repaired with silk and parchment.

Layout

167 × 105-112 mm. Ruled in single-column format, in leadpoint, frame and lines, ruling mostly erased. 27 written lines extant, but leaf has been trimmed with obvious loss of text.

Hand(s)

Written in protogothic minuscule by a single scribe.

Decoration

Offset of a light blue initial (perhaps a 'C' or an 'O') in the inner margin of ii recto, but actual initial not present on the adjacent leaf.

Binding

Traces of adhesive on i recto suggest that it was once used as a pastedown in a former binding. The lower portion of f. ii has dark orange rust stains probably caused by metal fittings (e.g., a plate for a fastening or a chain staple) attached to a former binding.

History

Origin: 12th century, probably first half. ; Probably England.

Part 2 [Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.6.5, ff. 1r-103v]

Contents

Language(s): Latin

1. 2v
List of the contents of the volume and the contents of a missing volume of sermon-texts
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 2v U. Liber Sancti Edmundi Regis in quo continentur
Incipit: 2v Liber Constantini monachi cassinensis qui dicitur uiaticum
Explicit: 2v Item De inquisicionibus in confessione faciendis secundi magistri Willelmus de monte

List of the contents of the volume added in a 15th or early 16th century hand. The medical and scientific texts are organised under the designation 'U' for 'uiaticum', the first and largest text in the extant manuscript. Underneath the list of medical texts is a list of sermon-texts under the designation 'S.62'; these sermon-texts may once have been bound with the medical texts in the surviving volume. The sermon-texts are no longer present in the volume, and they have not been identified among any other extant manuscripts.

CBMLC 11, K136.3
2. 3r-86r
Viaticum Constantinus Africanus
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 3r Liber constantini monachi cassinensis qui dicitur uiaticum
Incipit: 3r Quoniam quidem ut in rethorice tullius omne inquit expedenter
Explicit: 86r rubeo pone desuper per decem dies . Nec moueatur nisi in fine dierum

  • Bk 1: ff. 3r-15r
  • Bk 2: ff. 15r-24v
  • Bk 3: ff. 24v-38v
  • Bk 4: ff. 38v-54v
  • Bk 5: ff. 55r-69r
  • Bk 6: ff. 69r-75r
  • Bk 7: ff. 75r-86r

Several changes of hand.

Marginal annotations throughout.

3. 86v-89r
Language(s): Latin
De somno et uigilia Roger Bacon
Incipit: 86v Sompnus ergo et uigilia decribuntur
Explicit: 89r de illa spiritualitate subliti . explicit

89v blank.

4. 90r-96v
Language(s): Latin
Medical recipes
Incipit: 90r Medicamentum contra rupturam siue carnes ruptas cito sanandum et consolidandum omnimodo
Explicit: 96v altera die curationis(?) fuit cum tamen diu fuit primus in cura eius.

Single column ff. 90r-94v, double-columns ff. 95r-96v.

97r blank.

The recipes address the following:

  • f. 90r:
  • for quickly healing and consolidating ruptures or broken flesh within eight days ('Medicamentum contra rupturam siue carnes ruptas cito sanandum et consolidandum omnimodum crepaturus ad eo mirabiliter infra octo dies...')
  • for dealing with scabs ('Sequitur detura contra crustanam...')
  • to stop bleeding ('Ad preservacioni sanguinis...')
  • against quartan fever, leprosy/skin inflammation and dropsy ('Item contra quartanum et contra lepram...et contra ydropsim')
  • against tertian fever, coupled with rheum and overheating of the liver ('Contra tertianam duplicem cum reumate et cum calefaccione epatis ex colarii)
  • f. 90v:
  • a good unguent to alleviate pain ('Unguentum bonum moluficacionum dolorem mitigat')
  • against diarrhoea / dysentery ('Contra omne fluxum uentris')
  • against symptoms / ?headache in women ('Contra sintopim in muliere')
  • a 'universal' electuary ('Electuarium vniuersale . Electuarium quod dicitur catholicon quod interpretatur vniuersale et post fere dari in omnibus egritudinibus faciendum')
  • electuary against swollen testicles, colic and mania ('Electuarium contra inflammacionem testiculorum et colicam et maniam')
  • syrup against tertian fever ?leading to pleurisy from a digestion producing urine of the 'citrina' type? ('Sirupus contra tercianam continuam in uera pleuresi ex colamenta citrina') (continuing on f. 91r, with further remedies, an unguent and a plaster)
  • f. 91r:
  • skull fracture ('De fractura cranei De manifesta cranei fractura et embroca et huius rei infusio...')
  • for ?repletion / ?excess of humours ('De carne superflua stupe canabine...'
  • to stimulate the appetite ('Ad excitandum appetitione')
  • against worms ('Item contra tyneam')
  • to bring back hair ('Vt pili renastantur') (continuing on f. 91v)
  • laxative against saucefleme and 'citrinus' urine in those recovering from illness ('Medicina laxatiua contra fleuma salsum et colamentum citrinam in conualescentia egritudinem') (addition to bottom margin)
  • f. 91v:
  • to stimulate conception / fertility ('prouocacio fecundinem')
  • against greying hair ('Contra caniciem in pilis')
  • against canker ('Contra cancrum')
  • against inflammation ('Contra inflamacionem')
  • against scabies ('Item contra scabiem')
  • against warts ('Ad nodos')
  • ?'Contra neruos ingressatas'
  • against pain in wounds ('Contra dolorem in wlnere')
  • against swollen or reddening testicles ('Contra inflammacionem testiculorum et ruborem')
  • drink against rupture / hernia ('Potio ad rupturam')
  • against menstrual flow and haemorrhoids ('Contra fluxum menstruorum et emoroidarum')
  • against cramp, wind and wounds ('Contra torciones et uentositate uel uulnere')
  • against morphea ('Contra morpheam'), followed by a most proven unguent against the same ('Vnguentum probatissimum ad idem unguentum')
  • an ideal syrup ('Siropus optimus')
  • a ?'Pomum ambre'
  • a syrup against colic ('Siropus contra yliacam passionem') (continuing on the following page, with a proven pill and a decoction against the same
  • an 'experimentum' against retention of menstrual flow ('Experimentum Contra retencionem menstruorum') (added to the bottom margin)
  • f. 92r:
  • a syrup to preserve the body against illness (Siropus ad preseruandum corpus ab egritudine')
  • against the stone, whether it is in the kidney, the bladder or both ('Contra lapidum utrum sit in renibus uel in uesica uel in utrusque
  • an ideal syrup against pain the left side (Contra dolorem dextri lateris siropus optimus')
  • against sciatica ('Contra sciatica passione')
  • against stomach ulcer ('Contra ulcus in stomaco')
  • against ?bleeding ('Contra sanguineam passionem')
  • against overheating of the humours in the head ('Contra calefaccionem humorum in capite')
  • a precious powder to remove the stone, to comfort/strengthen the stomach, to clear the sight, to purge the kidneys, bladder, loins and stomach, and to purge ?thickened/?corrupted or superfluous humours ('Puluis preciosus ad fugandum lapidum . ad stomachum confortandum . ad uisum clarificandum . renes et uesciam . lumbos et stomachum purgat . et agrossis humores purgat et superfluis'), followed by a proven pill for the same ('Pillule probate ad idem')
  • to remove the stone ('Ad fugandum lapidum')
  • a laxative against urine of 'citrinus' type ('Medicina laxativa contra colamentum citrinam') (added to bottom margin)
  • f. 92v:
  • a most proven powder, tried by a queen, which cures the stone, ?thickened/?corrupted humours, and phlegm in the kidneys or bladder ('Puluis probatissimus a regina expertus qui lapidem curat et grossos humores fleumaticos in renibus et uesica etc'), followed by an electuary for the same
  • against dropsy whose cause is hot ('Contra ydropisim ex calida causa'), followed by another proceeding from blockage in the spleen or liver ('Item contra ydropisim ex calida causa prouenientem ex opilacione splenis et epatis'), and another
  • against ethica ('Contra ethicam')
  • against pneumonia ('Contra peripleumoniam')
  • for head pain ('Ad capitus dolorem')
  • for canker ('Ad cancrum')
  • a plaster to stop vomiting ('Emplastrum ad uomitum restringendum')
  • a poultica for fistula ('Cataplasma fistule')
  • for toothache ('Ad dolorem dencium')
  • ?'Ad digerandum ?mulierem'
  • f. 93r:
  • for hair growth ('Ad generacionem capillorum')
  • to stop menstrual bleeding ('Ad stringendum fluxum menstruorum')
  • a plaster for burns ('Emplastrum contra arsuram') and a treatment for a cough ('Contra tussim') - the two headings follow each other directly, followed by the recipe procedure for the cough treatment, followed by the recipe for the plaster for burns ('Contra arsuram emplastrum praedicam est')
  • unguent for eyes ('Vnguentum ad oculos sic fit')
  • unguent for ? ('Vnguentum ad ? sic fit')
  • recipe to restore menstrual flow ('Flores ad restaurandum')
  • unguent for a laxative ('Vnguentum laxatium quid laxat ventrem sic fit')
  • four recipes for liver problems ('Contra dupplicem tertianam et calefactionem epatis')
  • three powders to treat quartan fever ('Puluis contra quartanam')
  • f. 93v:
  • a most excellent cure for vomiting ('vomitus curalissimus')
  • syrup against prolonged and excessive diarrhoea ('contra fluxum uentris antiqum[sic] et immoderatum')
  • powder for clear vision ('Puluis ad uisum clarificandum')
  • treatment against spots in the eyes ('contra guttam in oculo')
  • a syrup to break the stone ('siripus ad frangendem lapidem')
  • a clarifying syrup ('sirupeter clarificetur')
  • for ear pain ('ad dolorem aurium')
  • a true treatment against painful and stinking and ulcerated gums ('Experimentum uerissimim contra dolorem et fettorem et fissuras gingiuarum')
  • against fractured bones and to cure all limbs from the head or the ? or wherever the [problem] is ('Contra fracturam ossium et ad curandum de omnibus membris . de capite . uel de ? . uel ubicumque sit')
  • a treatment for balding ('ad capillos cadentes')
  • two treatments for high fevers ('ad impediendum ardorem mgnis[sic]')
  • a proven treatment to break the stone ('Experimentum probatum est ad frangendum lapidem')
  • a plaster for laying on ? limbs ('Emplastrum ad ponendum ? membra')
  • an eye salve to treat redness in the eyes ('Collirium bonum contra rubedinem oculorum sic fit')
  • unguent for scabies ('Vnguentem ad scabiem')
  • potion for ?decay in the mouth or on the tongue, or on the uvula or wherever in the mouth or the gums it may be ('pocio ad occidendem tantum in ore uel in lingua vel in uuula uel ubicumque sic in ore uel in gingiuis sic fit'), this recipe is described as a proven gargle ('ad gargarizandum probatum est')
  • powder against sores in the ? or anywhere on the body ('puluis contra cancrum in ? uel in corpore ubi sit')
  • a ? type of plaster which is good against many different medical ailments ('Emplastrum ? quid fac ad omnis cancras stomachi epatis ...') - the recipe lists a large number of ailments which this plaster is effective against.
  • our powder which is strong against head pain ('Puluis noster ualens ad dolorem capitem') - this recipe continues until about half way down f. 94r
  • f. 94r:
  • medicinal plaster which is effective against tumors and heat in the hands and feet and other locations ('Emplastrum diaquilon quod fac ad tumorem et calorem manuum et pedum seu aliorum locorum proficit et solutum')
  • for intestinal pain and for cut nerves ('ad intestinorum dolorem . ad neruum incisum')
  • to make a balm ('ad Balsamum faciendum')
  • treatment against dropsy from ? causes ('Experimentum contra ydropisim ex fr? causa')
  • the best treatment for excessive menstrual bleeding ('Item Experimentum optimum contra fluxum superfluum')
  • to make a medicinal mustard treatment ('Sinepium sic fit') - a 'sinepium or more usually 'sinapium' was a type of medicinal treatment that used mustard seeds as the base ingredient
  • an invigorating electurary ('Electuarium confortatem') (ff. 94rv) - the electuary is said to invigorate the stomach, the head, and the kidneys, to return the appetite, to improve the memory, to make a person happy, and to improve their libido/virility ('hic confortat stomacum et renes, reddit appetitum facit bonam memoriam et reddit hominem hillarem, et confortat ad cohitum')
  • f. 94v:
  • a proven and tested treatment to break the stone ('Experimentum probatum et expertum ad frangendem lapidem')
  • Arabic pill for head pain ('Pille arabice ad capitem dolorem') followed by another treatment for the same, ('Item ...')
  • f. 95r:
  • Two recipes for a pill which purges ?phlegm ('pille qui purgant ?flegma')
  • A medicine for painful ?ankles/?haunches ('Medicine ad dolorem anche sunt iste')
  • A treatment for painful ?ankles/?haunches due to phlegm ('ad dolorem anche ex flegmate')
  • A plaster rupture ('Ad rupturam ... fac emplastrum ...'), followed by five others
  • for all abscesses ('Ad omnia apostemata')
  • for spots/sores in the eyes ('ad maculam in oculo')
  • for numbness in the feet ('Ad dormitionem pedum')
  • a treatment for sciatica ('sciaticis constat hic electuarium bonum')
  • the final 6.5 lines of text in the left column are now partially illegible
  • the best plaster to stop diarrhoea ('emplastrum optimim ad fluxum uentris stringendum')
  • another [recipe] against stomach defects a syrup of raisins , a solution for volmiting and a cure for defects of the stomach ('Item contra defectionem stomachi sirupus de uua passa . vomitum solutionem . et defectionem stomachi curat')
  • for limbs swollen by ulcers/tumours ('ad membrem inflatum per cancro')
  • for milk clogs in the breasts ('ad lactis coagulacionem in mamille'
  • for swelling in the womb ('ad ydropisi matricis') (ff. 95rv
  • f. 95v:
  • for ?prolonged pain in the sides ('ad ?veteres lateris dolores')
  • for guttam ('ad guttam'), followed by another ('ad idem')
  • unidentified treatment for Emperor Frederic to purge the humours, improve the visage and restore the memory and many other things ('? mirabile ? per imperatore frederico ... purgatur flematicos et melancolicos ... contra defectionem uisus et ad memoriam restaurandam ...') - the Emperor Frederic to whom this recipe refers has not been identified
  • to treat deafness ('contra surdidtatem')
  • for guttam ('ad guttam'), followed by another ('ad idem')
  • another for deafness ('Item ad surditatem')
  • against quartan fever ('Contra quartanam')
  • unguent against impetigo et serpigere and ?salty flegmate (Vnguentem contra impetigere et serpigere . de flegmate salso')
  • a plaster for the sick who cannot sleep ('Emplastrum ad infirmum qui non dormit')
  • electuary for acute fevers ('In acutis febribus electuarium')
  • a syrup against fevers due to viscous blood ('Sirupus contra sinocam de sanguine viscoso')
  • a syrup against acute fevers ('Sirupus in acutis febribus')
  • a laxative syrup ('Sirupis laxatiuus ?incontinuis')
  • against inflammation in the eye ('Contra obtalmiam[sic]')
  • Oximel against bastard [fever] and against cotidian [fever] against ?salty flegmate and against dropsy ... ('Oximel contra notham et contra cotidianam de salso flegmate , videlicet contra ydropisim ...') (ff. 95v-96r)
  • f. 96r:
  • against erysipelas, the 'french sickness' et cetera ('Contra erisipilam morbum francorum et cetera')
  • red morphew is cured as follows ('Morphea rubea sic curatur')
  • a cure for gutta ('gutta ? sic curata')
  • a note on the medicinal virtues of garlic ('De allio ; allium odore fugat serpentes ...')
  • against quartan [fever] , a treatment mentioned before ('Contra quartanam Experimentum predicare')
  • against stomach worms ('Contra lumbricos')
  • plaster for the area of the liver ('Emplastrum ad regionem epatis') followed by a powder for the same (Item puluis ad idem')
  • A cure for a stone in the kidneys and the inability to urinate ('Cura contra ?cauculum in renibus et de negationem vrine'), followed by three decoctions for the same, the last one ending with dietary advice('Item utatur hac decoccione' ... 'hic medicina' ... 'postea habet decoccione' ... 'in omnibus cibariis suis' ...) (ff. 96rv)
  • f. 96v:
  • A medicine to drink to alleviate severe pain ('Medicamen ad potandum cum dolor fuerit fortis ad alleuiandum'), followed by two further recipes for the same'Aliud bibe ... Aliud pone ...')
  • A clister for effecting cures ('Post curacionem maior cura fit per clisetera')
  • An unguent that soothes pain ('Vnguentem quod sedat dolorem'), followed by another which works immediately ('Aliud quod facit sedare dolorem statim')
  • a note on diagnostic signs ('Scia si profunda cooperta multa carne vnum medicus non potest bene cognoscere matricis nec colore nec ex calore loci ...')
  • a treatment for gout with an anecdote about its composition ('G. in sompnis dixit cuidam monacho . pulueriza colloquintidam cum bdellio[sic] et confice cum aqua caulium et maiorane et pone super podagram tepide et fecit et altera die curatus fuit cum ? fuit prius in cura ?eius')

eTK 0854F (t0164630000)
5. 97v
Language(s): Latin
Table of the planetary rulers of the days of each month, and texts on prognostics and lunar astronomy
5.1. 97v
?Poem on the significance of the age of the moon
Incipit: 97v uersibus impune(?) patet habet(?) uariacio lune
Explicit: 97v nos de nomine primo

Text above lunar table.

5.2. 97v
Language(s): Latin
Table of the planetary rulers of the days of each month

Also includes zodiac symbols for Aries, Aquarius, Pisces, Capricorn and Gemini.

5.3. 97v
Language(s): Latin
Text on prognostics and astronomy
Incipit: 97v Alphabeti
Explicit: 97v luna existat et na?(?)tur tabula signorum

Text to right of table in inner margin.

5.4. 97v
Language(s): Latin
Text on prognostics and lunar astronomy

Text underneath lunar table.

6. 98r-101v
Rogerinus minor Rogerius de Baron
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 98r Cum medicinalis artis due sint partes integrales scilicet theorica et practica
Explicit: 101v in calefaccione eparis preiudicat trifera sar . data in mane cum aqua calida

Immediately followed by a fragment of a medical recipe in another medieval hand, 'Recipe rad⟨?ic⟩ fe⟨?niculi⟩ po apii eu⟨?frasie⟩ enula campana ana .iii.'.

eTK 0317F (t0062020000)
Printed as part of the Practica, in Cyrurgia Guidonis de Cauliaco, Venice 1498, 211r-232v
7. 103r-103v
Language(s): Latin and Middle English
?Medical recipes

Recipes in late medieval hands on f. 103r. Several lines of text - presumably another recipe - have been erased at the top of f. 103r. The recipes on this leaf are for unstated purposes. That on f. 103v is for 'A serge clothe to mollifie and heale all old and new sores' and was added in the 16th or 17th century.

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 4r prosunt et spuma marina et quidam adddunt nitrum cum olio amigdalino amaro
Form: codex
Support: Parchment (HFFH).
Extent: Codex: 102 leaves. 175 × 115 mm.

Collation

  • Parchment endleaves: (ff. 1-2) +
  • Quires 1-68 (ff. 3-50)
  • Quire 74 (ff. 51-54)
  • Quires 8-98 (ff. 55-70)
  • Quire 1010+1 (ff. 71-81; 9th leaf, f. 81, inserted)
  • Quires 11-128 (ff. 82-97)
  • Quire 136-1 (ff. 98-103; 5th leaf cancelled, but counted in foliation as f. 102)

Catchwords in the hand of one of the main scribes in the lower margins of the final versos of Quires: 1-2, 4-5, 7-13.

Condition

Lower margins have minor rodent damage; no loss of text or decoration. Some decoration lost to trimming.

Layout

120 × 65 mm. Ruled in leadpoint, and occasionally in faint brown ink, frame and lines. Mainly single columns, typically 33 lines to the page, but double-columns for ff. 95r-96v, 98r-101v. Written variably above and below top line.

Hand(s)

Written in northern textualis libraria by several scribes working closely together and who occasionally begin their stints mid-sentence, see e.g., f. 25r.

Decoration

Flourished initial f. 3r in a late-13th century style. Flourished initials added from ff. 100v (and in unfilled spaces in other MS Parts ff. 104r-111v and 112r-126v) by a medieval artist who uses a highly elaborated flourishing style, see e.g., f. 49v with long loose flourished tendrils.

Plain coloured initials in an 'Arabesque' style (e.g., f. 44v) on ff. 3v-49r some with very minor pen-flourishing in another colour, see e.g., f. 40r.

Occasional paraph marks in red or blue. Some initials at the start of sentences touched with red.

Additions

The number '808' in ink twice in the gutter of 1r and twice in the gutter of 3r.

Title of the first work in this part of the volume added on. f. 3r in another hand, perhaps that of Henry de Kirkesetede: 'Liber constantini monachi cassinensis qui dicitur uiaticum'.

Binding

Part 2 of this manuscript (ff. 1-103) was probably once bound separately, and f. 103, was probably the right pastedown in that former binding. The leaf f. 103 has adhesive residue and stains from the turn ins of the earlier binding, however, the leaf must have been free by the late-medieval period as it has later additions on f. 103v and f. 103v also has a catchword for the text on f. 104r in a late medieval hand.

History

Origin: 13th century.

Part 3 [Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.6.5, ff. 104r-111v]

Contents

Language(s): Latin

1. 104r-111v
Arithmetic Muḥammad ibn Mūsá Khuwārizmī
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 104r Dixit algorizmi laudes deo rectori nostro atque defensori
Explicit: 111v unius . Post hec scribes in alia parte .viii. et sub eis tres et sub tribus .xi. Sicque constitues .viii.||

The original Arabic version of this text has not survived. The Latin version is only found in this manuscript and one other: New York, Hispanic Society of America, HC 397/726.

Edition of and extensive commentary on the text in M. Folkerts (1997), MS 'C'.

Translation (into English) of and excellent commentary and bibliography on this text in Crossley and Henry (1990).

eTK 0448E (t0088550000)
K. Vogel, Mohammed Ibn Musa Alchwarizmi’s Algorismus: Das Früheste Lehrbuch Zum Rechnen Mit Indischen Ziffern - Nach Der Einzigen (Lateinischen) Handschrift (Cambridge Un.Lib.Ms.Ii.6.5.) in Faksimile Mit Transkription Und Kommentar Herausgegeben (Aalen, 1963)
J. N. Crossley, and A. S. Henry, 'Thus Spake Al-Khwārizmī: A Translation of the Text of Cambridge University Library Ms. Ii.vi.5', Historia Mathematica, 17.2 (1990), pp. 103–131
M. Folkerts, 'Early Texts on Hindu-Arabic Calculation', Science in Context, 14.1–2 (2001), pp. 13–38

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 105r Et ita usque ad .ix. erit scilicet circulus in prima differentia
Form: codex
Support: Parchment (HFFH)
Extent: Codex: 8 leaves. 125 × 125 mm.

Collation

One quire of 8 leaves

  • Quire 148 (ff. 104-111)

Although this Part consists of a single quire (Quire 14) there are two sets of catchwords in the lower inner corner of f. 111v, the last verso of the quire. The upper catchwords are by the scribe of the main text of Quire 14 and supply the appropriate continuation of the text (now missing), i.e., 'Sic que constitues .viii.'. The lower catchwords on f. 111v, 'est quedam' are the work of the late-medieval collator who supplied catchwords throughout MS Ii.6.5 across its composite parts and reflect the text that now follows on f. 112r.

Condition

Some staining to leaves. Minor losses of decoration to trimming, see e.g., upper margin of f. 110v.

Layout

125 × 85 mm. Ruled in leadpoint, frame and lines, in single-coulmn format. Written above top line, typically 32 lines to the page.

Hand(s)

Written in a northern textualis libraria of the mid-13th century, by at least two scribes.

Decoration

Inhabited initial: animal head with emerging foliage and flowers in the counterspace of the initial 'D', and marginal pen-flourishing (f. 104r).

Blue initials with red marginal flourishing at the divisions of the text.

History

Origin: 13th century.

Part 4 [Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.6.5, ff. 112r-127v]

Contents

1. 112r-121r
De utilitatibus astrolabii, Book 1: Chs 2, 4-6, 8-10, 19 ?Hermannus Contractus
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: || 112r Est quidem guazalcora tabula ad celi rotum
Explicit: 121r si in ipsis fuerat insulis abtergarum[sic] quod cuilibet probandum dimittitur

Book 1, Ch 19 defective at beginning and end.

The end of Book 1, Chapter 10 is at the end of a quire (f. 119v). The next leaf (f. 120r) opens imperfectly in Book 1 Chapter 19, so a quire may have been lost between the leaves now designated as f. 119 and f. 120.

PL 143, 381-90
eTK 0513A (t0100460000)
Discussed in C. Burnett, 'King Ptolemy and Alchandreus the Philosopher: The Earliest Texts on the Astrolabe and Arabic Astrology at Fleury, Micy and Chartres', Annals of Science, 55.4 (1998), pp. 329–368, 'MS C'.
2. 121r-122r
Compositio Astrolabii, Chs 4 and 5 Ascelin of Augsburg
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 121r Sol[sic] uelli quod alii recte
Explicit: 122r Sic de ceteris secundem numerum adscriptum cuique stelle ||

The text ends abruptly, mid sentence.

Burnett (1998) p. 345 says that the MS Ii.6.5 witness to this text 'is not helpful for establishing the history of the text, since not only does it contains only two chapters, but also within these two chapters it considerably abbreviates the text, missing out sections and phrases'.

Extensively discussed in C. Burnett, 'King Ptolemy and Alchandreus the Philosopher: The Earliest Texts on the Astrolabe and Arabic Astrology at Fleury, Micy and Chartres', Annals of Science, 55.4 (1998), pp. 329–368, 'MS C'.
3. 122r-124v
?Bede, De cursu solis per menses et signa: Qualiter bissextilem diem quarto suo compleat anno (Chs 1-4)
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 122r Bissextili anno prima hora noctis
Explicit: 124v Et ex .xii. hora diei plena quidem est .xvi. kalends aprilis ||

Edited as one of the 'Opuscula fortassis genuina' of Bede in CCSL 123C

Ends imperfectly, omitting CCSL 123C, p. 653, ll. 39-45

In the CCSL edition, the text is arranged in four chapters, each beginning with 'anno primo', 'anno secundo', 'anno tertio', 'anno quarto', but in this manuscript, the first and second chapters are both designated 'anno prim-a/o', the third chapter as 'anno .ii.', and the fourth as 'anno .iii.'.

CCSL 123C, pp. 647-653; MS Ii.6.5 not used for the CCSL edition.
4. 124v-125r
Text on the 'Shadow Square'
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 124v Componitur in astrolabio quadratus quamuis aliis plurimis
Explicit: 125r sibi super frixorum foramina equali interstitionem sint sibi respondentia

This text begins on f. 124v ln. 20 immediately after the previous text, on the same line and without any obvious indication of a change of text. See C. Burnett (1998).

C. Burnett, 'King Ptolemy and Alchandreus the Philosopher: The Earliest Texts on the Astrolabe and Arabic Astrology at Fleury, Micy and Chartres', Annals of Science, 55.4 (1998), pp. 329–368
5. 125r-126v
Text describing the construction and use of an astrolabe
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 125r Qualiter hore distingui debeant in astrolabio
Incipit: 125r Ad horas uero distinguendas . uel designandas trium circulorum
Explicit: 126v per ambas cruces equinoctialis circuli et transducte linee . iustissime transeat

Change of hand on f. 126r, ln. 10.

Text is followed by a diagram on f. 127r of an astrolabe with 5 points marked 'a'-'e'.

Burnett (1998), p. 344 states that 't[his] last item appears to adapt the data in Ascelin's treatise for the meridian of Bury St Edmunds, which was the home of the manuscript.'

C. Burnett, 'King Ptolemy and Alchandreus the Philosopher: The Earliest Texts on the Astrolabe and Arabic Astrology at Fleury, Micy and Chartres', Annals of Science, 55.4 (1998), pp. 329–368, esp. p. 344

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 113r cursibus limitem ponunt . Inter quos extremos
Form: codex
Support: Parchment (HFFH)
Extent: Codex: 16 leaves. 125 × 125 mm.

Collation

Two quires of 8 leaves.

  • Quires 15-168 (ff. 112-127)

Alphanumeric leaf signatures in red ink in the lower outer corner of the rectos in the first half of each quire: Quire 15 designated 'y' and Quire '16' perhaps designated 'z' with a Greek zeta (ζ). These alphanumeric leaf signatures cross several 'parts' of the composite manuscript, but are not present throughout the extant volume.

 Catchwords in ink in the lower inner corner of the last verso of Quire 15.

Condition

Trimmed with minor losses to decoration and glosses throughout, see e.g., f. 117v. Adhesive residue on f. 127v.

Layout

120 × 80 mm. Folios 112r-125r ln. 10 ruled in hardpoint, frame and lines. Ruled in single-column format, typically 21 lines to the page and written above top line.

120 × 80 mm. Folios 125r ln. 11 - 126v ruled in leadpoint, frame and lines. Ruled in single-column format typically 21 lines to the page and written above top line.

Hand(s)

Scribe 1 is responsible for ff. 112r-125r ln. 10 and writes a large and clear Anglo-Caroline minuscule of late 11th or early 12th century appearance. Clear double-compartment a. Small wedges on ascenders of b, d, h, k, and l. Straight-backed d preferred, but occasional use of round-backed d. Rounded ct ligature. Small flicked feet on minims. Looped cauda on e caudata (ę). Short r. The letters f and long-s sit on the baseline, or occasionally drop slightly below; long-s used throughout (except for majuscules), even in terminal position.

Scribe 1 writes a 'Style IV' Anglo-Caroline minuscule according to David Dumville's classification of the script.

Rebecca Rushforth identified this scribe as also being responsible for London, British Library, MS Sloane 1621, ff. 32v lns. 15-29 and 62v-63r, and both she and Michael Gullick seem to suggest that this scribe was active at Bury in the late 11th or early 12th century.

D. N. Dumville, '"Eadwig the Fat" and the origins of Anglo-Caroline minuscule, style IV' in his English Caroline Script and Monastic History: Studies in Benedictinism, A.D. 950-1030 (Woodbridge, 1993), pp. 111-140
R. J. Rushforth, 'The Eleventh- and Early Twelfth-Century Manuscripts of Bury St Edmunds Abbey' (unpublished unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge, 2003), esp. pp. 57-61
M. Gullick, 'An Eleventh-Century Bury Medical Manuscript', in Bury St Edmunds and the Norman Conquest, ed. by T. Licence (Boydell and Brewer, 2014), pp. 190–225

Scribe 2 is responsible for ff. 125r ln. 10 - 126r ln. 9 and writes an Anglo-Caroline and protogothic admixture script of early-to-mid-12th century appearance. Clear double-compartment a. Small forked wedges on ascenders of b, d, h, k, and l. Straight-backed d throughout. Slightly disconnectedct ligature, see f. 125r ln. 14 ('puncta'). Flicked feet on minims. Lightning-bolt cauda on e caudata (ę). Short r. The letters f and long-s sit on the baseline; long-s used throughout (except for majuscules), even in terminal position. The abbreviation for est strongly resembles a modern division sign. Macrons used to indicate nasal suspensions (m, n) are bowl-shaped and relatively calligraphic compared to the macrons used by Scribe 1 for the same purpose.

R. J. Rushforth, 'The Eleventh- and Early Twelfth-Century Manuscripts of Bury St Edmunds Abbey' (unpublished unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge, 2003), esp. pp. 57-58

Scribe 3 is responsible for ff. 126r ln. 10 - 126v and writes an Anglo-Caroline and protogothic admixture script of early-to-mid-12th century appearance. Clear double-compartment a. Small forked wedges on ascenders of b, d, h, k, and l. Straight-backed d throughout. Slightly disconnectedct ligature, see f. 126r ln. 13 ('equinoctialem'). Flicked feet on minims. Lightning-bolt cauda on e caudata (ę). Short r. The letters f and long-s sit on the baseline; long-s used throughout (except for majuscules), even in terminal position.

R. J. Rushforth, 'The Eleventh- and Early Twelfth-Century Manuscripts of Bury St Edmunds Abbey' (unpublished unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge, 2003), esp. pp. 57-58

Decoration

Diagram of an astrolabe: 3 concentric circles, 12 segments, 5 locations in the diagram designated as 'a'-'e' on f. 127r.

Spaces for initials left unfilled by original scribes, see e.g., f. 123v ln. 3 and filled in later middle ages by the scribe who added flourished initials to the unfilled initial spaces throughout the volume.

Flourished initials added to unfilled spaces by a later medieval artist who added elaborate flourished initials with long loose tendrils to the volume from f. 49v seq, see e.g., f. 112r.

Plain initial in text-ink f. 125r.

Line fillers in red in a loose foliate style on f. 120r.

Binding

Adhesive residue on f. 127v suggesting it was a pastedown in a former binding.

History

Origin: Late-11th or early-12th century, with mid-12th century additions. ; England, perhaps at the Benedictine Abbey of Bury St Edmunds.

Date of production assigned based on palaeographical features. Folios 112r-125r ln. 10 are written in Style IV Anglo-Caroline minuscule, a style of script in use in England in the 11th century, with occasional further examples from the early-12th century.

Place of production argued by Rushforth and Gullick to be Bury St Edmunds who suggest that the scribe of ff. 112r-125r ln. 10 is a Bury scribe. Rushforth identified the scribe of ff. 112r-125r ln. 10 as the same scribe who made additions to London, British Library, MS Sloane 1621 (ff. 32v, lns. 15-29 and 62v-63r), but while the two manuscripts indeed appear to share a scribe, it is not clear that the scribe was a member of the community of Bury St Edmunds. The monastic library at Bury St Edmunds underwent huge change and growth in the late-11th and early-12th centurys with large numbers of books being both made there and obtained from external sources and while it is clear that the three constituent parts of MS Ii.6.5 ff. 1r-127v were bound together by the late 14th century and before the death of Henry of Kirkestead c. 1378 who added the ownership inscription and table of contents for the composite to f. 2v, it is not clear that the scribe who copied ff. 112r-125r ln. 10 was a member of the Bury community.

D. N. Dumville, '"Eadwig the Fat" and the origins of Anglo-Caroline minuscule, style IV' in his English Caroline Script and Monastic History: Studies in Benedictinism, A.D. 950-1030 (Woodbridge, 1993), pp. 111-140
R. J. Rushforth, 'The Eleventh- and Early Twelfth-Century Manuscripts of Bury St Edmunds Abbey' (unpublished unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge, 2003), esp. pp. 57-61
M. Gullick, 'An Eleventh-Century Bury Medical Manuscript', in Bury St Edmunds and the Norman Conquest, ed. by T. Licence (Boydell and Brewer, 2014), pp. 190–225

Provenance

Certainly at Bury St Edmunds before 1400 as the 14th century list of the contents of the composite volume in the hand of Henry of Kirkestead (d. c. 1378) mentions the Composicio astrolabii on ff. 121r-122r (possibly also referring to the treatise on the astrolabe on ff. 112r-121r).

Probably at Bury St Edmunds by the mid-to-late 12th century as Charles Burnett noted that the text on ff. 126r ln. 10 - 126v adapts the text on the astrolabe in order to give the calculation of the meridian of Bury Saint Edmunds.

Possibly at Bury St Edmunds from the late-11th century if Rushforth and Gullick are correct in their identification of the scribe of ff. 112r-125r ln. 10 as a Bury scribe.

D. N. Dumville, '"Eadwig the Fat" and the origins of Anglo-Caroline minuscule, style IV' in his English Caroline Script and Monastic History: Studies in Benedictinism, A.D. 950-1030 (Woodbridge, 1993), pp. 111-140
C. Burnett, 'King Ptolemy and Alchandreus the Philosopher: The Earliest Texts on the Astrolabe and Arabic Astrology at Fleury, Micy and Chartres', Annals of Science, 55.4 (1998), pp. 329–368, esp. p. 344
R. J. Rushforth, 'The Eleventh- and Early Twelfth-Century Manuscripts of Bury St Edmunds Abbey' (unpublished unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge, 2003), esp. pp. 57-61
M. Gullick, 'An Eleventh-Century Bury Medical Manuscript', in Bury St Edmunds and the Norman Conquest, ed. by T. Licence (Boydell and Brewer, 2014), pp. 190–225

Additional Information

Record Sources

This catalogue entry draws on CMLUC Vol. III (Cambridge, 1856-67), no. 1884, pp. 500-501 and an unpublished description of the manuscript composed between 1926 and 1930 by M.R. James , now held in the University Archives (Unpublished description by M.R. James of Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.6.5 (Constantinus Africanus, Viaticum; Albertus Magnus, Commentary on Aristotle's De somno et uigilia, attrib. to Roger Bacon; medical tracts; and other texts)).

Availability

Entry to read in the Library is permitted only on presentation of a valid reader's card. For information on eligibility and admissions procedures, see Joining the Library). For further enquiries, and to confirm the availability of the manuscript, please contact the Special Collections Reading Room.

Bibliography

    Adelard of Bath The English Historical Review, Haskins, Charles H. (26, 491-498, 1911, http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ehr/XXVI.CIII.491) Über ein Werk des Abū 'Abdallah Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Huwārizmī al Maīğusī zur Arithmetik der Inder Beiträge zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Technik und Medizin / herausgegeben zum 60. Geburtstag Gerhard Harigs, Juschkewitsch, A.P. (Leipzig, 21-63, B.G. Teubner, 1964) Petri Philomenae de Dacia et Petri de S. Audomaro opera quadrivialia Corpus philosophorum Danicorum Medii Aevi, (Copenhagen, Gad, 1983) England and the twelfth-century renaissance Past and Present: A Journal of Historical Studies, Thomson, Rodney M. (101, 3-21, 1983) Adelard of Bath: an English scientist and Arabist of the early twelfth century Adelard of Bath Warburg Institute surveys and texts, Burnett, Charles (London, Warburg Institute, University of London, 1987) Thus spake al-Khwārizmī: A translation of the text of Cambridge University Library Ms. Ii.vi.5 Historia Mathematica, Crossley, John NHenry, Alan S (17, 2, 103-131, 1990, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/031508609090048I) Die älteste lateinische Schrift über das indische Rechnen nach al-Ḫwārizmī Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften: Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Abhandlungen, Folkerts, Menso (Munich, 1997) The library of Bury St Edmunds Abbey in the eleventh and twelfth centuries England and the 12th-Century Renaissance Variorum Collected Studies Series, Thomson, Rodney M. (Aldershot, 617-645, Variorum, 1998) King Ptolemy and Alchandreus the Philosopher: The earliest texts on the astrolabe and Arabic astrology at Fleury, Micy and Chartres Annals of Science, Burnett, Charles (55, 4, 329-368, 1998, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00033799800200241) The manuscripts of early Norman England (c.1066-1130), Gameson, Richard (Oxford, Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1999) St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury Corpus of British medieval library catalogues, Barker-Benfield, B.C. (London, British Library in association with the British Academy, 2008) Sourcebook in the mathematics of medieval Europe and North Africa, (Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 2016)

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