Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.5.44

Diktyon no.: Diktyon 12199

Contents

Introduction: The manuscript is a collection of ethical treatises by the philosopher Aristotle or attributed to him. MS Ii.5.44 was copied for the monastery of S. Salvatore in Lingua Phari (near modern-day Messina), an important centre of Italo-Greek monasticism in Sicily, and was completed on 16th June 1279. The copyist presents himself in the colophon as Nikolaos ‘ἀναγνώστης τῶν ὡρῶν’. This means "reader of the hours", so he may have been a novice of the monastery, appointed as "lector at the Hours". A more likely explanation, however, is that it describes his own origins as a member of the Greek clergy of the city of Ora in Apulia. Nikolaos seems also to have copied Vatican City, Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Vaticanus gr. 1342 , which is not signed but considered the twin of this manuscript, given the identical contents. Together, they constitute the recensio Messanensis of Aristotle's ethical treatises. The copyist Nikolas seems to have copied the text of the eighth book of Ethica Nicomachea up to the third line of f. 86r and, realizing that there was a lacuna, has left a line and a half empty (ll. 3-4). The lacuna was filled in the late 15th century with an insertion in the eleventh quire of a binion, probably copied by Baldassar Migliavacca. This scribe, besides having left notes in the margins on the whole manuscript, has also erased the text of the first three lines of f. 86r to make his intervention match with the text copied by Nikolaos. The manuscript is signed C or Cc in the editions. Dr Matteo Di Franco

Physical Description

Manuscript core dated 1279 with 15th century inserted quire (ff. 85ar-85dv).
Form: codex
Extent: Codex: iii + 147 + i leaves. 270-290 × 220 mm. A strip of 20 x 200 mm has been cut off from f. 1 and replaced with modern parchment.
Foliation:

2[*]-4[*] + 1-85 | 85a-d | 86-143 + [5*]

Modern foliation in pencil in Arabic numerals in the top right-hand corner, recto: the first three endleaves are numbered from 2 to 4; the parchment leaves were numbered from 1 to 147 (the 1858 catalogue refers to this numbering), then Henry Bradshaw struck out the numbers from 86 onwards, replacing them with the sequence 85a-d for the inserted quire, and 86-143 for the second part of the original manuscript.

Collation

1-118 | 11*4 | 12-168, 178+1, 186

Condition

In fair condition, with occasional spots and wormholes.

Binding

20th-century couched-laminated board binding, sheepskin with blind embossing reused from previous boards (probably 16th- or 17th-century) as part of rebinding by J.P. Gray and Son of Cambridge, 1959 (see left pastedown). Leather strips with tooled titles from previous bindings are glued to the front pastedown . Title (‘Aristoteles Ethica &c.’) and shelfmark tooled in gold on spine.

301 × 238 × 50 mm.

History

Provenance and Acquisition

The manuscript probably belonged to the library of Baldassar Migliavacca , who seems to be responsible for the restoration of quire 11*.

John Moore (1646-1714) , bishop of Ely: no. 981 (front pastedown) in the handwritten supplementary list of Moore's manuscripts, now CUL Oo.7.50.2, compiled by Thomas Tanner (1674-1735) after the publication of Bernard, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ (1697).

Presented to the University Library in 1715 by George I (1660-1727) : donation bookplate engraved by John Pine (1690-1756) in 1736 on the front pastedown.

Part 1: core manuscript [Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.5.44, ff. 1r-143v]

Contents

Language(s): Greek with few notes in Latin

1. ff. 1r-30v
Aristotle, Magna Moralia
Rubric: f. 1r Ἀριστοτέλους ἠθικῶν Νικομαχείων μεγάλων α
Incipit: f. 1r Ἐπειδὴ προαιρούμεθα λέγειν ὑπὲρ ἠθικῶν, πρῶτον ἂν εἴη σκεπτέον τίνος ἐστὶ μέρος τὸ ἦθος
Explicit: f. 30v ὥστε σκεπτέον ἂν εἴη τὸ πῶς δεῖ χρῆσθαι φίλω ἐν τῆ ἐν ἴσοις φίλοις φιλία

TLG 0086.022

  • Book 1: ff. 1r-15v
  • Book 2: ff. 15v-30v

2. ff. 30v-102v
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics Ethica Nicomachea
Rubric: f. 30v Ἠθικῶν Νικομαχείων μικρῶν α
Incipit: f. 30v Πᾶσα τέχνη καὶ πᾶσα μέθοδος, ὁμοίως δὲ πρᾶξίς τε καὶ προαίρεσις, ἀγαθοῦ τινὸς ἐφίεσθαι δοκεῖ
Explicit: f. 102v καὶ πῶς ἑκάστη ταχθεῖσα, καὶ τίσι νόμοις καὶ ἔθεσι χρωμένη. λέγωμεν οὖν ἀρξάμενοι

TLG 0086.010

  • Book 1 (α): ff. 30v-38r
  • Book 2 (β): ff. 38r-44r
  • Book 3 (γ): ff. 44r-52v
  • Book 4 (δ): ff. 52v-60v
  • Book 5 (ε): ff. 60v-69r
  • Book 6 (ζ): ff. 69r-74v
  • Book 7 (η): ff. 74v-84r
  • Book 8 (θ): ff. 84r-87v
  • Book 9 (ι): ff. 87v-94v
  • Book 10 (κ): ff. 94v-102v

3. ff. 102v-134v
Aristotle, Eudemian Ethics Ethica Eudemia
Rubric: f. 102v Ἠθικῶν Εὐδημίων α
Incipit: f. 102v Ὁ μὲν ἐν Δήλω παρὰ τῶ θῶ[sic] τὴν αὐτοῦ γνώμην ἀποφηνάμενος συνέγραψεν ἐπὶ τὸ προπύλαιον τοῦ Λητώου
Explicit: f. 134v τις μὲν οὖν ὅρος τῆς καλοκαγαθίας, καὶ τίς ὁ σκοπὸς τῶν ἁπλῶς ἀγαθῶν, ἔστω εἰρημένον

TLG 0086.009

  • Book 1 (α): ff. 102v-107r
  • Book 2 (β): ff. 107r-115v
  • Book 3 (γ): ff. 115v-121r
  • Books 4-6 (δ-ϛ) titles: f. 121r
  • Book 7 (ζ): ff. 121r-131v
  • Book 8 (η): ff. 131v-134v

4. ff. 134v-143v
pseudo-Aristotle, Economics (defective at the end) Oeconomica
Rubric: f. 134v Ἀριστοτέλους οἰκονομικὸς α
Incipit: f. 134v Ἡ οἰκονομικὴ καὶ πολιτικὴ διαφέρει οὐ μόνον τοσοῦτον ὅσον οἰκία καὶ πόλις
Explicit: f. 143v εὐωδέστερα δοῦναι· εἶτα ἱμάτια μὲν λευκά, στεφάνους δὲ λευκίνους περιετίθει||

TLG 0086.029

  • Book 1 (α): ff. 134v-136v
  • Book 2 (δεύτερος): ff. 136v-143v

5. f. 143v
Colophon
Colophon: ἐγράφη τὸ παρὸν βιβλίον τῆς ἠθικῆς τοῦ Ἀριστοτέλους διὰ χειρὸς Νικολάου εὐτελοῦς ἀναγνώστου τῶν ὡρῶν, αἰτήσει τοῦ θεοτιμήτου μοναχοῦ κυρίου Ἰακὼβ σκευοφύλακος μάνδρας ἀκρωτηρίου μηνὶ Ἰουνίου ιϛ, ἰνδικτιώνος ζ, ἔτει ϛψπζ. οἱ ἀναγινώσκοντες εὔχεσθε ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: ff. 1r-143v parchment, medium thickness, good quality, arranged flesh-to-flesh and hair-to-hair with flesh outermost (FHHF).

Collation

The manuscript consisted originally of 18 quaternions. The last leaf of quire 18 was cancelled in all likelihood at the time of the making of the volume, so the first, loose leaf (f. 137) was then attached to quire 17. The outermost folios of each quire are reinforced by a strip of paper.

  • Quires 1-118 ff. 1r-88v (the second bifolia of quires 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 have been cut out and substituted in their second half by the copyist; quire 11*, ff. 85ar-dv, is inserted after the fifth bifolium of quire 11, f. 85)
  • Quires 12-168 ff. 89r-128v
  • Quire 178+1 ff. 129r-137v
  • Quire 186 ff. 138r-143v

Original quire signatures in brown ink, in Greek numerals, survive on the first folio, recto side, of quires 13-17, consistent with the original collation: ιγ (f. 97r) - ιη (f. 137r).

Leaf signatures in Latin letters for quires from a to s, and Arabic numerals for bifolios in pencil in the lower right-hand corner of the rectos, by Henry Bradshaw (1831-1886), along with a note on the collation on the rear pastedown.

Condition

The upper margin of f. 1 was cut out, probably because a previous ownership note, and repaired with a parchment strip. The edges are blackened and the folios yellowed. There are dirt deposits on ff. 9v-10r, 11v-12r; a rectangular strip of parchment (15 x 5 mm) is glued to f. 25r. Several holes are present, both the natural ones of the parchment and due to worms.

Layout

ff. 1r-143v: written space 200 × 135 mm. Main text always 26-27 lines per page. Pricked in the outer margins. Ruled in brown-redish ink, type Leroy 00D1 .

Hand(s)

Hand A: The manuscript is written by Nikolaos (RGK I 327), as stated in the colophon, in an informal mixed minuscule script, below top line, upright in brown ink for the text and in red ink for titles. His minuscule follows the models of the typical scriptures of the Terra d'Otranto.

The circular-shape letters and and elongated alphas are filled in red. There is a marked variation in letter size. Syllabic abbreviations and superscription are commonly used. Breathings are round and mute iota is absent. Nikolaos' informal hand is characterized by a fast execution with moderately sinuous and curved shapes. The tau is often high, with the horizontal stroke always curved and often elongated to the base, which sometimes leads to a hook shape (e.g. f. 30v lines 14 and 26).

Punctuation used includes the middle and upper point, middle and lower comma (rarely), and full stop.

For further details on Nikolaos' script, see Jacob Nicolas d'Oria Un copiste de Pouille au Saint-Sauveur de Messine (1985), pp. 139-143.

Hand B: the hand who wrote the inserted quire (ff. 85a-d) also wrote marginal notes throughout the manuscript and the first four lines of f. 86r, and the book numbers of Nicomachean Ethics in Greek numerals on upper corner, recto side, from f. 31r.

Decoration

Reddish headpiece on f. 1r

Thick red-ink book initials along with palmettes in red ink on ff. 1r, 15v, 30v, 38r, 44r, 52v, 60v, 69r, 74v, 84r, 87v, 94v, 102v, 107r, 115v, 121r, 121v, 131v, 134v, 136v, 143v.

The inner spaces of some letters, especially those with a circular shape, and elongated alphas are filled in red.

Additions

Annotations in Latin made throughout the manuscript, nearly lost in trimming if on lower margin (e.g. f. 14r).

Some maniculae added by Hand B: ff. 99v, 100v

A portion of a red cotton thread was pinned to f. 107.

f. 127r: a note in pencil with correspondence to the Bekker edition: 1241a

f. 143v: a note in black ink converting the year given in the colophon (incorrectly; corrected by Henry Bradshaw).

Annotations in pencil on ff. 86r, 143v and left pastedown by Henry Bradshaw (1831-1886), University Librarian 1867-1886.

History

Origin: The manuscript was copied in Messina; on 16th June a.m. 6787 = AD 1279, by Nikolaos, "lector of the Hours", on request of the monk Iakobos, skeuophylax of the abbey of S. Salvatore in Lingua Phari.

Part 2: inserted quire [Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.5.44, ff. 85a-d]

Contents

Language(s): Greek with few notes in Latin

6. ff. 84ar-85dv
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 8, 4-14
Incipit: || f. 85ar -πευόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐραστοῦ· ληγούσης δὲ τῆς ὥρας ἐνίοτε καὶ ἡ φιλία λήγει τῶ μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἔστιν ἡδεῖα ἡ ὄψις (1157a)
Explicit: f. 85dv ἀφορίσειε δ’ ἄν τις, τήν τε συγγενικὴν, καὶ τὴν ἑταιρικήν αἱ δὲ πολιτικαὶ, καὶ φυλετικαὶ καὶ συμπλοϊκαί, καὶ (1161b)||

TLG 0086.010

the addition continues on f. 86r line 1-4

Physical Description

Form: quire
Support: ff. 85ar-85dv parchment, medium thickness, good quality, arranged flesh-to-flesh and hair-to-hair with flesh outermost (FHHF).

Collation

One binion (11*) is inserted after the fifth bifolio of quire 11, f. 85

Leaf signatures in Latin letters ll (quire 11 marked as l) and Arabic numerals for bifolios in pencil in the lower right-hand corner of the rectos, by Henry Bradshaw (1831-1886).

Layout

ff. 85ar-85dv: written space 197 × 140 mm. 26 lines per page. Pricked in the lower margins. Ruled in pencil, only bounding lines traced.

Hand(s)

Hand B: according to D. Harlfinger, the quire was probably written by the scribe and scholar Andronicus Callistus (RGK I 18) in a minuscule script. More recently (see Orlandi, Baldassar Migliavacca lettore e possessore di codici greci (2014), pp. 173-175), the restoration was attributed to Baltasar Meliavacca , active as commentator and book collector in the last quarter of the 15th century in Milan, and student of Callistus, from whom he acquired part of the library, such as Cambridge, University Library, MS Nn.3.18 . The handwriting of the Italian collector imitates that of the master and also tries to reproduce some characteristics of the hand of Nikolaos.

Syllabic abbreviations and superscript letter endings usually appear only at the end of lines and rarely elsewhere (e.g. common abbreviation of μεν or ἐστίν). Breathings are curved and joined to accents; circumflex accent is hat-like; almost vertical acutes and graves. Isolated trema is sometimes traced over iota and ypsilon; mute iota is present but not constantly used.

History

Origin: The manuscript was copied in all likelihood in the 15th century, probably before 1475, to fill the lacuna of the manuscript core.

Additional Information

Record Sources

Description (2019) draws on A catalogue of the Manuscripts preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge, vol. 3 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1858), pp. 495-496 and J. Wiesner's record in P. Moraux, Aristoteles Graecus (Berlin-New York: Walter De Gruyter, 1976), pp. 104-107.

Availability

Entry to read in the Library is permitted only on presentation of a valid reader's card. For information on eligibility and admissions procedures, see Joining the Library). For further enquiries, and to confirm the availability of the manuscript, please contact the Special Collections Reading Room.

Bibliography

    A catalogue of the manuscripts preserved in the library of the University of Cambridge, (Cambridge, 3: Gg-Kk, Cambridge University Press, 1858) Inventaire des manuscrits grecs d'Aristote : et de ses commentateurs: contribution à l'histoire du texte d'Aristote, Wartelle, André (Paris, Société d'édition Les belles lettres, 1963., 1963) Die Überlieferungsgeschichte der Eudemischen Ethik Untersuchungen zur Eudemischen Ethik: Akten des 5. Symposium Aristotelicum, Oosterbeek, Niederlande, 21.-29. August 1969 Peripatoi, Harlfinger, Dieter (Berlin, 1-50, Walter de Gruyter, 1971) Die Textgeschichte der Pseudo-Aristotelischen Schrift Peri Atomōn Grammōn: ein kodikologisch- kulturgeschichtlicher Beitrag zur Klärung der Überlieferungsverhältnisse im Corpus Aristotelicum, Harlfinger, Dieter (Amsterdan, Hakkert, 1971) Aristoteles Graecus: die griechischen Manuskripte des Aristoteles, Moraux, Paul (Berlin, De Gruyter, 1976) Griechische Kodikologie und Textüberlieferung, Harlfinger, Dieter (Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1980) Dated Greek manuscripts of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in the libraries of Great Britain Dumbarton Oaks studies, Turyn, Alexander (Washington, Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1980) Repertorium der griechischen Kopisten, 800-1600. I. Grossbritannien Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Byzantinistik, Gamillscheg, ErnstHarlfinger, Dieter (Wien, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1981) Cambridge University Library: a history, McKitterick, David (Cambridge, 2: The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Cambridge University Press, 1986) The letters of Humpfrey Wanley: palaeographer, Anglo-Saxonist, librarian, 1672-1726: with an appendix of documents The letters of Humpfrey Wanley, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1989) Osservazioni e ipotesi sulla circolazione del testo di Aristotele tra Occidente e Oriente Scritture, libri e testi nelle aree provinciali di Bisanzio: atti del seminario di Erice (18-25 settembre 1988) Biblioteca del Centro per il collegamento degli studi medievali e umanistici nell'Università di Perugia, De Gregorio, Giuseppe (Spoleto, 475-98, Centro italiano di studi sull'alto Medioevo, 1991) Zur Überlieferung der aristotelischen Magna Moralia Symbolae Berolinenses für Dieter Harlfinger, Brockmann, Christian (Amsterdam, 43-80, Hakkert, 1993) Prolegomena to a critical edition of the Aristotelian Magna Moralia, Johnstone, Hugh Maxwell (1997, Unpublished DPhil dissertation) La tradition manuscrite de la Rhétorique à Alexandre : prolégomènes à une nouvelle édition critique Revue d'Histoire des Textes, Chiron, Pierre (17-69, 2001) L'Erodoto di Palla Strozzi (cod. Vat. Urb. gr. 88) Bollettino dei Classici dell'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, De Gregorio, Giuseppe (23, 31-130, 2002) Sguardi su Ulisse: la tradizione esegetica greca all'Odissea, Pontani, Filippomaria (Roma, Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 2005) The Greek Manuscripts of John Moore and Etienne Baluze Codices Manuscripti, , (56/57, 29-42, 2006) Literature and culture in late Byzantine Thessalonica, Russell, Eugenia (London, Bloomsbury, 2013) La version latine des Magna moralia; par Barthélemy de Messine et son modèle grec: le MS. Wien, ÖNB, Phil. gr. 315 Translating at the court: Bartholomew of Messina and cultural life at the court of Manfred, King of Sicily Mediaevalia Lovaniensia Series I, Cordonier, Valérie (Leuven, 337-381, Leuven University Press, 2014) Scritture, libri e uomini all'ombra di Bessarione. II. La 'doppia mano' di Atanasio Calceopulo Rinascimento, Speranzi, David (58, 193-237, 2018)

Funding of Cataloguing

The Polonsky Foundation

Digital Images

Cambridge Digital Library