Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, University Library, MS Ff.5.45

Devotional texts

Contents

Introduction: Cambridge, University Library, MS Ff.5.45 is a devotional miscellany from the fifteenth century which is of great interest to scholars. It is copied in a mixture of amateur and professional semi-cursive hands. A sixteenth-century inscription on f. 72v reads ‘John Whyte’, probably the name of an owner or reader of the manuscript. The manuscript contains a rich variety of devotional and didactic materials. It contains several devotional texts, including both common items - such as Richard Rolle's Form of Living (ff. 1r-2v) and the Myrour of Synners (ff. 8r-13r), a translation of the Speculum Peccatoris) - but also prayers (ff. 3v-5v, 5v-8r, 59v) and a short tract on preparations for receiving the sacrament (f. 58r), which are not known from other manuscripts. The volume stresses the need for the reader to contemplate death and lead a good Christian life. Texts related to dying include To kunne to diʒe or Scire Mori (ff. 14r-22v), a translation of a chapter Henry Suso's Horologium Sapientiae, part of which was based on a section of the Somme le Roi by Frère Lorens d’Orléans, presented here in a Middle English translation (ff. 23r-24v); and The Boke of Craft of Dying (ff. 24v-46v), a translation of De Arte Moriendi. Most of the contents of the volume are in prose, but there are also two poems: 'Death's warning to the world' by John Lydgate (ff. 13r-13v [DIMEV 4905-2]), an extract from The Fall of Princes; and 'O Worldly folk averteth and take heed' by Iohn Lucas (f. 13v [DIMEV 4097-3]). Another feature that makes the manuscript stand out are its somewhat unusual decorated initials (e.g. ff. 3v, 5v, 8r). They are painted in dark ink on a bistre background, using white space for decorative effect. This deviates from the standard red and blue initials that were common in medium-grade manuscripts and results in a rather sombre effect that complements the theme of approaching death and learning to die well. Dr Alpo Honkapohja| Visiting Scholar| Cambridge Digital Humanities

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: Parchment
Extent: Codex: i + iv + 2 | 70 + iv + i leaves. 215 × 145 mm.
Foliation:

20th-century foliation

[i] + [ii-v] + 1-2 | 3-72 + [vi-ix] + [x]

Written in pencil in the lower right-hand corner of the recto side of each leaf, by an unidentified hand of the 20th century. The numbering in Arabic numerals continues into the endleaves at the end of the manuscript, but has been altered here to reflect the typical approach to numbering these leaves.

Collation

The inclusion of the first two leaves (ff. 1-2) as Quire 1 means that the quire numbers written in the manuscript no longer correspond to those given here.

  • Quire 1two (ff. 1-2: two singletons) |
  • Quire 28 (ff. 3-10)
  • Quire 36 (ff. 11-16)
  • Quires 4-108 (ff. 17-72)

1two | 28 36 4-108

Additions

Authorial attributions added in pen by Thomas Tanner (1674-1735) (see ff. 1r, 8r, 14r, 24v, 53v, 56r, 59v, 62r, 63v, 64r)

Texts marked in pencil by '§' and a number, corresponding to the contents as described in the catalogue published in 1857 (see Bibliography).

Quire numbers written in pencil in the lower-right hand corner, by an unidentified hand of the 19th- or 20th-century (see Collation, however).

Collation formula by the hand of H.L. Pink (rear pastedown).

Binding

Marbled paper cover over pasteboards, parchment tips, half calf, brown leather spine. The edges have been painted green. Title and classmark tooled in gold. Rebound by Douglas Cockerell and Son , Grantchester, March 1970 (inscription on the front pastedown by H.L. Pink).

A sample of the leather cover from the previous early 17th-century binding has been preserved and adhered to the front pastedown. Blind-tooled scallop pattern along joint. For a complete surviving example, see Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.2.5 .

History

Provenance and Acquisition

'Elizabethe' (f. 32r), 'John Whyte', '(?)Wm saynes' '(?)Warnese' (''Starnes' (?)' in Hanna (2010)) (f. 72v): names inscribed by hands of the 16th- and 17th-century.

John Moore (1646-1714) , bishop of Ely: no. 760 (f. [v] recto) in Bernard, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ (c. 1697).

Presented to the University Library in 1715 by George I (1660-1727) : donation bookplate engraved by John Pine (1690-1756) in 1736 on f. [ii] verso.

Part 1 [Cambridge, University Library, MS Ff.5.45, ff. 1-2]

Contents

Language(s): Middle English

1. 1r
Verse prayer
Incipit: 1r: God that is gracious and grounde of al goodenes / ȝif vs myȝt and strengþe so to lern this processe / þat it may profite vs in vertue to oure soulis encres / and bryng vs alle to þat ioie þat neuere shal cees . Amen

Full transcription. Monorhymed alliterative verse prayer, written as prose, in red, perhaps as rubric / introduction to the Form of Living (see below).

Not in DIMEV
Hanna (2010), MS 16, mentioned within no. 1
2. 1r-2v
Form of living Richard Rolle
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 1r: In eche synful man and womman þat is in dedly syn ben þree thynges of wrechidnes
Explicit: 2v: that in fewe ȝeris thei shal haue more delite to be the owne spo[...]||

Lines 1-129 only; ends imperfectly.

IMPEP 351
Wells Rev. 9:3420-22 [11]
Connolly (2009), pp. 141-142
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 1

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 2r: praye nothir
Form: codex
Support: Parchment
Extent: Codex: 2 leaves. 215 × 145 mm.

Collation

  • Quires 1two (ff. 1-2: two singletons)

Layout

200-205 × 140 mm. Ruled in leadpoint (faintly), frame and line. Single columns, 35 lines to the page, written below top line.

Hand(s)

Written in bastard anglicana, by a single hand. 'The scribe of the Rolle differs in detail but appears similar to the main hand of the manuscript, probably of north Warwickshire (less likely west Leicestershire): suche, whiche/wyche, man/many, thor(o)ugh, though, (them), self/silf, any/eny, seth(e)' (Hanna (2010), p. 32).

Decoration

Gap left for a seven-line initial at the opening of the text.

History

Origin: Mid-15th century. ; England.

Part 2 [Cambridge, University Library, MS Ff.5.45, ff. 3-72]

Contents

Language(s): Middle English and Latin

3. 3v-5v
Prayer
Language(s): Middle English, with Latin rubric
Incipit: 3v: O ye high most glorious and blessed eternal lorde, high emperoure of heuen and most myhti maker of al this world
Explicit: 5v: and kepe me in this waueryng worlde þat I falle not in to myn enmyes handes
Final rubric: 5v: Deo gracias
Connolly (2009), p. 142
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 2
4. 5v-8r
Prayer
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 5v: I beseche you high celestial lord, most glorious fader and eternal god and most \myhty/ maker of al this worlde
Explicit: 8r: And swetnesse of mekenesse and charite to alle creatues in youre name . Amen
Connolly (2009), p. 142.
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 2
5. 8r-13r
The Mirror of Sinners pseudo-Augustine; pseudo-Bernard of Clairvaux
Language(s): Middle English and Latin
Rubric: 8r: Crystes peynful passyon . Be euer my proteccion
Rubric: 8r: Here is þe Myroure of Synners . Loke parfyhtly in it
Incipit: 8r: For þat we be in þe waye of this faylyng lyff and oure dayes passen as a shadou
Explicit: 13r: To þewhiche blysse bryng he bryng vs . þat with his precious blode bouhte vs . Amen

Authorship of the original Latin text uncertain; attributed variously to Augustine and Bernard of Clairvaux.

IMPEP 213
Wells Rev. 9:43
Jolliffe (1974), F.8
Connolly (2009), p. 142
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 3
6. 13r-13v
Death's warning to the world Fall of Princes (extract) John Lydgate
Language(s): Middle English, with Latin rubric
Rubric: 13r: Dictamen . vel lugubre carmen terribilissimi Mortis
Incipit: 13r: Seth þat ye list to be myn hostesse / And in youre boke to sette myn ymage
Explicit: 13v: That in this worlde , eche liuyng creature / For Adames synne , must die of nature
IMEV 3143
NIMEV 3143
DIMEV 4905
MacCracken (1934, repr. 1962), Part 2, pp. 655-57
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 4
Cook and Strakhov (2019) (not using this MS)
7. 13v-14r
Ballad John Lucas
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 13v: O worldly folke . auertith and take hede / What vengeaunce and what punicyon
Explicit: 14r: O Cryst Ihesu so bryng vs to þat glorye / Whiche by dethe haddest the victory
IMEV 2585
NIMEV 2585
DIMEV 4097
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 4
8. 14r-22v
To kunne to diʒe
Language(s): Middle English and Latin
Rubric: 14r: Here sueth a tretys cleped Orilogium Sapiencie in þe maner of a dialoge . lernyng to die
Incipit: 14r: Sethen it is so that dethe giffeth nouht to man . but rather fro hym taketh
Explicit: 22v: thou mayst at þe last come to þe place of inmortalite and euerlastyng felicyte . Amen

Quotations and the names of speakers in Latin. Also known under the Latin title Scire mori . Chapter 5 of Heinrich Seuse , Horologium sapientiae , translated from the original Latin.

IMPEP 465
Wells Rev. 7:2568 [221], version B
Wells Rev. 9:3466-7 [80]
cf. C. Horstmann, 'Orologium Sapientiae or The Seven Poyntes of Trewe Wisdom aus Douce 114', Anglia (1888), 323-398 (text equivalent to pp. 357, l. 39-365, l. 21)
Jolliffe (1974), L.8.b
Connolly (2009), pp. 142-43
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 5
9. 23r-24v
Somme le Roi (extract, in translation) Dominican Laurent
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 23r: Here sueth A Chapitle . taken oute of a boke cleped Toure of alle toures . and it techeth a man for to deye
Incipit: 23r: Ageyns his wille he deyeth þat hath not lerned to deye . Lerne for to deye and þou shalt konne lyffe
Explicit: 24v: In these thre thynges stondeth what bihoueth for to konne wele to lyue and wele to dye

Middle English translation of part of the Somme le Roi by Laurent, the first chapter of the section on 'learning to die' (Connolly).

Wells Rev. 7:2478 [6], version G
Jolliffe (1974), L.1 (cf. A.1)
Connolly (2009), p. 143
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 6
10. 24v-46v
The craft of dying
Language(s): Middle English and Latin
Rubric: 24v: Here byginneth þe Crafte of deyinge . A prolog
Incipit: (prologue) 24v: For as moche as þe passage of dethe oute of þe wrecchednesse of þe exile of this worlde
Incipit: (text) 24v: Though bodily dethe be moste dredeful of alle fereful thynges as þe Philosopher seyth in þe thridde boke of Etikes
Explicit: 46v: vy þe meditacion of oure lord ihesu cryst . þat is mediatoure bituene god and man . Amen

Middle English translation of the Latin De arte moriendi .

IMPEP 234
Wells Rev. 7:2567 [216]
Comper (1917)
Jolliffe (1974), L.4.a
Lumby (1870), pp. 1-8 (not using this MS)
Yorkshire Writers, ed. by C. Horstmann (1895-96), vol. 2, pp. 406-420 (not from this MS)
G.R. Morgan, 'A critical edition of Caxton's The Art and Craft to Know Well to Die and Ars Moriendi with the antecedent MS material' (Oxford: unpublished D.Phil dissertation, 1972)
Connolly (2009), pp. 143-44
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 7
11. 46v-51r
Three arrows of Domesday
Language(s): Middle English and Latin
Rubric: 46v: Here it speketh of thre arowis þat shal be shette on domesday at them and to them þat shal be dampned
Incipit: 46v: Who so wol haue in mynde þe dredeful day of dome . so þat he may be moued with drede to fle from synne
Explicit: 51r: To þewhiche kyngdome and ioye he brynge vs . þat with his precyous blode bouhte vs . Amen
IMPEP 842
Wells 9:16
Connolly (2009), p. 144
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 8
12. 51r-53v
The name of Jesus Poor Caitiff (extract)
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 51r: Loue of Ihesu
Incipit: 51r: Who so euere thou be . þat arayest þe for to loue god . if þou wilt not be disseyued . nor disseyue
Explicit: 53v: so moche þe name of hym sauoured swetter to me . þerfore blessed be þe name of ihesu into worldis of worldis . Amen

Rubric written in the top margin.

Wells Rev. 9:3470-1 [87]
Jolliffe (1974), B
Connolly (2009), p. 144
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 9
Moreau-Guibert (2020)
13. 53v-56r
Desire of Jesus / Love of Jesus Poor Caitiff (extract)
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 53v: Desyre of ihesu
Incipit: 53v: O only lorde . be to me teris as looues bi day and bi nyhte ; for but eche man be ponysshed first bi wepynges
Explicit: 56r: He shal so shyne in vertues ; þat no part of hym be derke in vicis

Rubric written in the top margin.

Wells Rev. 9:3470-1 [87]
Jolliffe (1974), B
Connolly (2009), p. 144
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 9
Moreau-Guibert (2020)
14. 56r-58r
Of meekness Poor Caitiff (extract)
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 56r: Off mekenesse
Incipit: 56r: To eny degre of verray loue of ihesu . may no soule atteyne ; but he be verily meke
Explicit: 58r: þat he wolde ioye gladly in his sikenesse . þat þe vertu of cryst . myhte duelle in hym

Rubric written in the top margin. Incorporates the 'Seven Tokens of Love', on f. 57 without a break in the text of rubric indication (Connolly).

Wells Rev. 9:3470-1 [87] (not noted)
Jolliffe (1974), B
Connolly (2009), pp. 144-45
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 9
15. 58r
Prayer
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 58r: For ester day thys prayer þat folowyth
Incipit: 58r: When I peyse or weye thy most excellent dignyte and worthinesse . and myn indisposicion and vyle onworthinesse
Explicit: 58r: I shal purueye and make redy myn herte ro recyue the . holsomly in þe most blesful Sacrament of þe Autere

Rubric added by a late 15th- or 16th-century hand.

Preparation for receiving the sacrament.

Connolly (2009). p. 145
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 10
16. 58r-59v
Meditation
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 58r: The seruaunt of god owith to come to comunyon with verry mekenesse and deuoute reuerence
Explicit: 59v: For I wol not remembre his synne . but al shal be forgyff . Amen

Treatise on preparing to receive the sacrament.

Connolly (2009), p. 145
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 11
17. 59v
Prayer
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 59v: Lorde holy fader . for tyn onmesurable charyte . and for þe passion and dethe of thy sone ihesu cryst
Explicit: 59v: and þat no thyng may make me sory . but oonly synne . Amen

Prayer against sin.

Connolly (2009), p. 145
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 12
18. 59v-62r
Counsel of Christ Poor Caitiff (extract)
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 59v: The counsail of ihesu crist
Incipit: 59v: Cryst not compellyng . but frely counsailyng eche man to parfite lyf . seyth thus
Explicit: 62r: and to make hym loue thynges faylyng . and onclennes of this world
Final rubric: 62r: Here endith þe Counsail of crist
Wells Rev. 9:3470-1 [87]
Jolliffe (1974), B
Connolly (2009), pp. 145-46
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 13
19. 62r-63v
Virtuous patience Poor Caitiff (extract)
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 62r: Folweth a tretice of pacience
Incipit: 62r: But who þat is verrily fedde with thilke breed þat cam doune fro heuen
Explicit: 63v: cesse þou not to hye to heuenly kyngdomes . Al this sentence . seith a seynt in his boke
Wells Rev. 9:3470-1 [87]
Jolliffe (1974), B
Connolly (2009), p. 146
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 13
20. 63v-64r
Of temptation Poor Caitiff (extract)
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 63v: A short tretis of temptacion
Incipit: 63v: Whan þou art tempted or troubled . haue mynde vp on þat remedye þat oure sauyour seith in the gospel
Explicit: 64r: And entreth vp by odoure of suetnesse in to þe presence of almyhty god
Wells Rev. 9:3470-1 [87]
Jolliffe (1974), B
Connolly (2009), p. 146
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 13
21. 64r-68r
Charter of Heaven Poor Caitiff (extract)
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 64r: The chartre of heuen
Incipit: 64r: Every wyse man þat claymeth his herytage . or axith gret pardon
Explicit: 68r: Al this seith seynt Austyn in his boke to the Erle
IMPEP 166
Wells Rev. 9:3470-1 [87]
Jolliffe (1974), B
The Middle English Charters of Christ, ed. by M.C. Spalding (1914), pp. 100-02 (not from this MS)
Connolly (2009), p. 146
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 13
22. 68r-69r
Prayer
Language(s): Middle English and Latin
Incipit: (prologue) 68r: Nos autem gloriari oportet in cruce domini nostri ihesu christi in quo est salus
Incipit: (text) 68r: Lord ihesu . i beleue þat thou art verray resurrexion and lyff and there is no thyng but vnder this powere
Explicit: 69r: For i purpose with thyn gracious socour to make seeth as i may . with thyn most meke mercyful helpe

Middle English prayer with an introduction in Latin, addressed to Jesus.

Connolly (2009), pp. 146-47
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 14
23. 69r-69v
Prayer (extract from The craft of dying)
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 68r: Most souereyn sauyour lorde ihesu . for þat loue þat made the to be wounded and deye for helth and saluacion of mankynde
Explicit: 69v: Swete lorde ihesus . þat lyuest and reynest with thi fader and þe holy host . oon verray god with outen ende . Amen

Prayer addressed to Jesus, seeking forgiveness. From The craft of dying, chapter 6 (see ff. 24v-46v).

Connolly (2009), p. 147
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 14
24. 69v-70r
Prayer (extract from The craft of dying)
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 69v: For þe vnyon of þe most feruent loue my lorde ihesu . þat stired and caused the to be incarnat of oure most blessed lady
Explicit: 69v-70r: þat i may departe in parfite astate on to thyn honourer euerlastyng preysing . Amen

Prayer addressed to Jesus, seeking forgiveness. From The craft of dying, chapter 6 (see ff. 24v-46v).

Connolly (2009), p. 147
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 14
25. 70r
Prayer (extract from The craft of dying)
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 70r: My most gracious Redemptour . most mercyable ihesu and benygne lorde . For þat sorowful voyce þat þou madist in thi manhode
Explicit: 70r: and delyuer it fully fro þe fereful powere of hire enmyes . and theyre tormentes . And brynge hire to euerlastyng reste . Amen

Prayer addressed to Jesus, seeking protection at the time of death. From The craft of dying, chapter 6 (see ff. 24v-46v).

Connolly (2009), p. 147
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 14
26. 70r
Prayer (extract from The craft of dying)
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 70r: Most merciable lorde ihesu cryst . benygne and most gracious god for þe vnyon of þat Recommendacion . þat þou recommendest thyn holy soule to thyn heuenly fader
Explicit: 70r: bryng my \soule/ to \þe/ contemplacion of thi most swete and ioyeful presence euerlastyngly . Amen

Prayer addressed to Jesus, seeking protection of the soul after death. From The craft of dying, chapter 6 (see ff. 24v-46v).

Connolly (2009), pp. 147-48
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 14
27. 70v
Prayer (extract from The craft of dying)
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 70v: Most mercyful lorde and gracious sauyour ihesu . for þe mochelnesse of thi mercyes biþewhiche þou doest away þe synnes of hem that be verray repentaunt
Explicit: 70v: and admitte me to thi reconsiliacyon þat haue no trost but on thi mercy . lorde ihesu cryst . Amen

Prayer addressed to Jesus, seeking mercy. From The craft of dying, chapter 6 (see ff. 24v-46v) (there, the addressee is God the Father).

Connolly (2009), p. 148
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 14
70v-72r
Suffrages
Language(s): Middle English and Latin
Rubric: 70v-72r: Ora pro nobis deum alleluia . Regina celi letare alleluia . quia quem meruisti christum portare alleliuia
Incipit: 70v-72r: Heyle most holy modre of my lord ihesu cryst . most excellent virgyn and hihe quene of heuen
Explicit: 72r: þat i may with you yeue to oure lord magnificens and worship to his glory . worlde with outen ende . Amen

Rubric in Latin, suffrages in Middle English. Addressed to the Virgin Mary, angels, patriarchs, apostles, martyrs, confessors and handmaidens of God, akin to the various orders of saints in the litany.

Connolly (2009), p. 148
Hanna (2010), MS 16, no. 14

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 4r: mouthe with dissolute
Form: codex
Support: Parchment (HFFH)
Extent: Codex: 70 leaves. 215 × 145 mm.

Collation

  • Quire 28 (ff. 3-10)
  • Quire 36 (ff. 11-16)
  • Quires 4-108 (ff. 17-72)

Catchwords.

Layout

160-165 × 110 mm. Ruled in ink, frame and line. Single columns, 24-26 lines to the page, written below top line. Multiple sets of pricking marks, but in Quires 4 and 7 only (ff. 17-24 and 41-48).

Hand(s)

Written in bastard anglicana, by a single hand. See discussion of scribal hands by Hanna (2010), p. 32; quoted here in Part 1.

Decoration

Three- and two-line initials with painted infill and flourishing, in brownish palette and with ochre tinting (ff. 3v, 24v, 25r).

Three- and two-line initials in the same style and palette as above, but without flourishing (ff. 5v, 8r, 13r, 14r, 23r).

Spaces left for two-line initials, unfilled from f. 27v onwards.

History

Origin: Mid-15th century. ; England.

According to Ralph Hanna (2010), the texts on ff. 13r-51v have been derived from the larger archetype used to produce London, British Library, Harley MS 1706 and Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 322 (ff. 19v-52v) ; 'these were susceptible to separate transmission in other books...'.

Ralph Hanna, 'Middle English books and Middle English literary history', Modern Philology, 102 (2004), 157-178 (pp. 169-70, 175-78)
Hanna (2010), p. 32

Additional Information

Record Sources

This catalogue entry draws on Ralph Hanna, The English manuscripts of Richard Rolle: a descriptive catalogue (Exeter, 2010) and Margaret Connolly, Manuscripts in the University Library, Cambridge (Dd-Oo), Index of Middle English Prose 19 (Cambridge, 2009).

Availability

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Bibliography

    A catalogue of the manuscripts preserved in the library of the University of Cambridge, (Cambridge, 2: Ee-Ff, Cambridge University Press, 1857) The book of the craft of dying, and other early English tracts concerning death: taken from manuscripts and printed books in the British Museum and Bodleian libraries, (London, Longmans, Green, 1917) Writings Ascribed to Richard Rolle Hermit of Hampole and Materials for His Biography Modern Language Association of America Monograph Series, Allen, Hope Emily (London; Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1927) Susos Horologium Sapientiae in England Anglia: Zeitschrift fur Englische Philologie, Wichgraf, Wiltrud (54, 351-52, 1930, http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/angl.1930.1930.issue-54/angl.1930.1930.54.351/angl.1930.1930.54.351.xml) The minor poems of John Lydgate Early English Text Society: Original series, (London, Published for the Early English Text Society by Oxford University Press, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner for the Early English Text Society, 1962) Aelred of Rievaulx's De institutione inclusarum: two English versions Early English Text Society Original series, (London, Oxford University Press for The Early English Text Society, 1984) Richard Rolle: Prose and Verse Edited from MS Longleat 29 and Related Manuscripts Early English Text Society, (Oxford, Early English Text Society, 1988) Vernacular books of religion Book production and publishing in Britain 1375-1475, Gillespie, Vincent (Cambridge, 317-344, Cambridge University Press, 1989) The "Gender Gap" Reconsidered: Manuscripts and Readers in Late-Medieval England Studia Anglica Posnaniensia: An International Review of English Studies, Innes-Parker, Catherine (38, 239-270, 2002) Manuscripts in the University Library, Cambridge (Dd-Oo) Index of Middle English Prose, Connolly, Margaret (Woodbridge, D.S. Brewer, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781846157363) The English Manuscripts of Richard Rolle: A Descriptive Catalogue Exeter Medieval Texts and Studies, Hanna, Ralph (Exeter, University of Exeter Press, 2010) John Lydgate's <hi rend="italics">Dance of Death</hi> and Related Works Middle English Texts Series, (Kalamazoo, MI, Medieval Institute Publications, 2019, https://metseditions.org/editions/GPammADHY9jzU9yEU85LzuYadVxe4ZM) Pore caitif: a Middle English manual of religion and devotion Textes vernaculaires du Moyen Âge, (Turnhout, Belgium, Brepols, 2019)

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