Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, University Library, MS Ff.1.23

Bilingual Psalter in Old English and Latin

Contents

Introduction: Produced around the first half of the 11th century or perhaps as early as the last quarter of the 10th century, and evidently conceived from the outset as a bilingual Psalter, this manuscript is notable for the parity that it accords the Old English and Latin versions of the text. Far from merely providing a continuous interlinear gloss, the Old English text, which is related to that found in the Vespasian Psalter ( London, British Library, Cotton MS Vespasian A.i), has been properly ruled and written in a script the same size as the Latin. (Part of the Canticles - the Te Deum, Nunc dimittis, Gloria, Pater noster and Credo - have been spaced like the rest, but the gloss has not been entered: see ff. 267r-270r). Written in black and red ink respectively, the alternation of the Latin and Old English forms a pleasing balance on the manuscript page, underscoring the extent to which the two languages were seen as an equally valid means of presenting the holy text. The copying of the Old English text in red ink - typically reserved for rubrics in manuscripts - and its positioning on the line above the Latin text rather than below might furthermore imply something about the relative status of the vernacular version compared to the Latin. Indeed, errors in the transmission of the Latin Psalter in this manuscript confirm that either the scribe was copying from a faulty exemplar, was not sufficiently familiar with the text to correct them, or sufficiently attentive a copyist to avoid making them in the first place (or some combination of all three). The scribe also distinguished between the two versions - at least in the early stages - by the use of different scripts: Caroline minuscule for the Latin text, and Insular minuscule (a regional variant of Caroline minuscule) for the Old English. However, it appears that Caroline minuscule did not come to him naturally and part-way through f. 6v he all but abandons this, copying the rest of the text in Anglo-Saxon minuscule (this shift is especially noticeable in his execution of the letters d, g, r and s). The manuscript’s illumination, characterised by successive scholars as 'crude' (Kendrick (1949)) and 'mediocre' (Gameson (1995)) comprises full page miniatures and decorative initials that are yet engaging and inventive. Four miniatures preceding Psalms 1, 51, 101 and 109 show, respectively, David playing the harp (f. 4v), the Crucifixion (f. 88r), Christ in majesty (f. 171r) and Christ trampling the beasts (f. 195v). The Crucifixion miniature, which may be compared to other near-contemporary examples such as those in the Ramsay Psalter ( London, British Library, Harley MS 2904 ), the Aelfwine Prayerbook ( London, British Library, Cotton MS Titus D xxvii ) and the Judith of Flanders Gospels ( New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, MS M. 709 ), shows John as an eyewitness to Christ’s death, recording his account of the Crucifixion ('Et ego vidi et testimonium') on a writing tablet. The decoration of initials, which is abundant throughout the manuscript, is on occasion very innovative, showing a fluidity of form and execution that offers a counterpoint to the heaviness of the foliate frames used in the full-page miniatures. Initials made into the shape of acrobatic figures - as in the letter 'M' on f. 169v, or the 'C' on f. 13v - showcase an artistic ability to adapt the shape of the letters to a particular theme: the grace of the floating and tumbling bodies picked up in the arched backs of the angels above Christ's mandorla in the full-page miniature on f. 171r. Elsewhere in the manuscript, and unusually, there are realistic attempts to depict human faces, as in that of a monk on f. 224r. In addition to the Psalms, the manuscript contains two sets of prayers (ff. 4r, 276r-281v), Canticles (ff. 251r-274r), and a Litany (ff. 274r-276r). A table of incipits was added during the 16th century to binding endleaves at the beginning of the manuscript which themselves date to this period (ff. 2v-3r). Though not the highest grade of work, either in script or artistic execution, the manuscript can still be counted amongst the most important illuminated Psalters of the late Anglo-Saxon period. Its relationship to other manuscripts produced during or after the Benedictine Reform, both artistically and in terms of liturgical content, remains a topic for further investigation, and promises to reveal much more about the production and reception contexts for late Anglo-Saxon manuscripts. Elizabeth Wright, University of York (2015)|Revised and expanded by James Freeman, Cambridge University Library (2022)
1. 2v-3r
Table of incipits
Language(s): Latin

Added in the 16th century to endleaves added at the manuscript's rebinding.

2. 4r
Prayers and Supplications
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 4r: Orationes et preces
Incipit: 4r: Deus in adiutorium meum intende
Explicit: 4r: in illorum consortio vita perfruantur eterna
3. 5r-250v
Roman Psalter
Language(s): Old English and Latin
Wildhagen (1910)
4. 251r-274r
Canticles
Language(s): Old English and Latin
5. 274r-276r
Litany
Language(s): Latin
6. 276r-281v
Prayers
Language(s): Latin

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: Parchment (HFFH)
Extent: Codex: iii + 278 + iii leaves. 270 × 160 mm.
Foliation:

20th-century foliation

1-3 + 4-281 + 282-284

Folio numbers written in pencil in the upper right-hand corner of the recto side of each leaf by an unidentified hand of the 20th century (probably first half).

Foliation:

16th-century pagination

1-273, 273*-551 (for ff. 5r-281r)

Page numbers written in brown ink (1-331) and thereafter in Parkerian red/orange crayon (333-) in the upper right-hand corner of the recto side of each leaf only (see Provenance for further details).

Collation

The manuscripts comprises 35 quires, all originally of eight leaves, as follows:

  • Quire 18-1 (ff. 4-10: 1st leaf excised, probably blank / former pastedown removed at rebinding)
  • Quires 2-348 (ff. 11-274)
  • Quire 358-1 (ff. 275-281: 8th leaf excised, probably blank / former pastedown removed at rebinding)

18-1 (1st leaf excised) 2-348 358-1 (8th leaf excised)

No quire signatures.

No leaf signatures.

No catchwords.

Condition

The quality of the manuscript's parchment is very variable. It is occasionally thick and yellow, sometimes very thin and brittle, as evidenced by the shine-through on f. 233r. There are numerous instances where the parchment is torn or damaged, most of which appear to have occurred before copying, with the text written around tears, holes and repairs (see, for example, ff. 28, 33, 117, 251 and 252). The manuscript has been trimmed at rebinding, with several initials (f. 224v), border decorations (ff. 4v, 88r, 171r) and even text (f. 108r) being partially cropped as a result. The fore-edge of f. 206r was repaired in the 16th century with a strip of parchment.

Layout

255 × 115 mm. Ruled in hardpoint, frame and line. Single columns, 32 lines to the page, written above top line.

Hand(s)

Apparently copied by a single scribe (a 'large and clumsy hand': Ker (1957)), the text of both the Old English and Latin versions of the Psalms and of the other contents is written predominantly in Insular minuscule. However, for the opening leaves, up to part-way through f. 6v, the scribe used Caroline minuscule for the Latin text.

Rubrics written in rustic capitals, in green ink, perhaps by the same scribe.

Decoration

Full-page miniatures preceding Psalms 1, 51, 101 and 109, in ink, tinted in brown, orange, green and yellow:

  • 4v: David playing harp, inspired by Holy Spirit, surrounded by Asaph, Eman, Ethan and Idithun holding musical instruments under arch, frame with square corner bosses.
  • 88r: Crucifixion with weeping personifications of Sol and Luna, Virgin, St John writing on tablet: 'Et ego vidi et testimonium', hand of God above Christ on Cross inscribed 'Lignum vite'.
  • 171r: Christ in mandorla carried by four angels, blessing, holding book and supporting scroll inscribed: 'Ego sum deus qui reddo unicumque iuxta sua opera'.
  • 195v: Christ trampling on lion and basilisk, whose tongue he pierces with cross shaft, carrying tablet inscribed: 'Super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis'.

Borders outlined in black ink and tinted in brown, orange, green and yellow, comprising bars containing acanthus foliage and / or interlace knotwork (ff. 4v, 5r, 88r-88v, 171r-171v), that on f. 88r-88v also incorporating at its mid-points a roundel with an unidentified saint holding a book, one on each side.

Figural initials:

  • 5r: 19-line Beatus-initial outlined in sepia, tinted in brown and tan, with shafts ending with interlaces, and bows filled with acanthus and linked by mask head, fully framed by acanthus foliage bars with round corner bosses (Ps. 1).
  • Two- to twelve-line initials in red, green and black, formed of, or filled with, foliage scrolls, humans, animals, dragons and grotesques to each Psalm and Canticle, including Agnus Dei (f. 10r) and man with axe (169r).

88v, 171v, 196r: five- to fifteen-line initials in sepia, green and orange, (Pss. 51, 101, 109), formed partially of or containing knotwork and with foliage infill (Pss. 51, 101) or with foliage infill only (Ps. 109).

Additions

Sixteen Old English glosses added in black ink later in the 11th century (see ff. 27v, 29r, 204v, 227r, 237r, 243v, 244r).

The red ink on ff. 5v-11r has faded in places and been retouched.

Quire numbers added in pencil by an unidentified 20th-century hand to the lower right-hand corner of the recto of the first leaf of each quire.

Binding

Sixteenth-century binding (no later than 1574) from the 'Morocco Binder Group'. Fine brown leather over boards, gold-tooled frames and floral panels, with raised split cords and endbands, oval medallions above and below painted arms of Matthew Parker (1504-1575), archbishop of Canterbury (sable a fess argent). Gilded and patterned fore-edges (not currently digitised). Two clasps gone. Mark of Cambridge University Library chain-stapling on the lower part of the fore-edge of the front cover.

Repaired by Douglas Cockerell and Son Douglas Cockerell and Son (Firm) , Letchworth, July, 1959 (see note by H.L. Pink on f. 1r). Materials retained after the repair, including former spine labels bearing the manuscript's classmark, have been pasted onto the rear pastedown.

History

Origin: First half of the 11th century, perhaps as early as the fourth quarter of the 10th century. ; England.

As with the place of origin (for which, see below), there is no clear agreement about the date of origin of this manuscript. Neil Ker (1957) proposed the mid-11th century, which, in Pam Robinson's analysis, appears to be confirmed by the inclusion among the apostles in the litany of St Martial, bishop of Limoges, whose apostolate was proclaimed by the bishop of Limoges in 1029, placing the copying of the manuscript at some point after that date. However, more recent studies have increasingly pushed the date of origin back: Paul Binski and Patrick Zutshi (2011) to the first half of that century, and David Dumville (1991) to the early 11th century, and Michael Lapidge (1992) still further to not much later than 1000 but potentially as early as the fourth quarter of the 10th century (and more specifically 975-992, a period in which Germanus, formerly abbot of Winchcombe, and monks from that house were resident at Ramsey Abbey).

There is no definitive evidence for the place of origin for this manuscript, however various theories have been advanced on the basis of art-historical or text-historical bases. The manuscript has commonly been attributed to Winchcombe Abbey in Gloucestershire, on the grounds that the name of St Kenelm is picked out in the litany in rubricated rustic capitals (f. 274v): Kenelm was the son of the abbey's founder, Coenwulf of Mercia, and both were buried there.

However, Michael Lapidge has pointed out that other liturgical books of this period contain similar emphases in their commemorations but have no evident connection to Winchcombe: for example, Orléans, Bibliothèque municipale, MS 127, whose origin was English but otherwise remains uncertain; and the Metrical Calendar of Ramsey (Oxford, St John's College, MS 17) and the Ramsey Psalter / Oswald Psalter ( London, British Library, Harley MS 2904 ), both of which are 'indisputably linked' with Ramsey Abbey in Cambridgeshire. Furthermore, the litany in MS Ff.1.23 contains saints that point to an East Anglian origin: Æthelthryth, Seaxburh/Sexburg and Eormenhild, each of whom was connected with Ely, and Tova, who was venerated at Thorney, all of whom are found in demonstrably East Anglian liturgies in other manuscripts (such as Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 296 , from Crowland Abbey; and Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica, MS Reg. lat. 12 , from the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds). Wenburg (spelt 'ƿenburga' in this manuscript) is also included in Harley MS 2904. Other links with Ramsey arise from the inclusion of Breton saints Samson, Machu and Budoc - the last of whom occurs only in MS Ff.1.23 and the Metrical Calendar of Ramsey.

Both Dumville and Lapidge have pointed to the religious career of Germanus (d. c. 1013) - who moved between houses at Fleury, Westbury (Gloucestershire), Ramsey, Winchcombe, back to Fleury, and then as abbot of a new foundation at Cholsey (Oxfordshire) - as possible explanation for the particular combination of saints in the litany in this manuscript. It may be that monks transferred from Ramsey to Winchcombe, and returned to their place of origin in 975, retained some of their west-country liturgical identity while adopting some of that belonging to their place of exile.

This may not mean, however, that the manuscript was copied at Ramsey. The exemplar for the Old English text in this manuscript is not identified or has not survived, but its closest relative is that found in the Vespasian Psalter ( London, British Library, Cotton MS Vespasian A.i ), which was at Canterbury by the later medieval period and presumably there when additions were made by Eadwig Basan in the early 11th century. Obligations owed by Germanus to Sigeric, archbishop of Canterbury, and his successor Ælfric, may have given rise to 'cultural affiliations' between Cholsey and Canterbury, leading Dumville to conclude that this manuscript (and another, Cambridge, University Library, MS Kk.5.32) 'may have been written at Canterbury or Cholsey, but...belong palaeographically to the Canterbury orbit, as well as having textual and liturgical links with that city'. Michael Lapidge also considered Canterbury a possibility, specifically St Augustine's abbey, 'however, the evidence of palaeography squares poorly with that of liturgy', since the litany 'in no way reflects the liturgical use of that house, for it omits St Augustine of Canterbury from its list of confessors'. If it were written at St Augustine's, it must have made use without adaptation of an exemplar from elsewhere, but on the balance of evidence it seemed to Lapidge more likely that the manuscript was made during the seventeen-year period in which Germanus and his Winchcombe monks resided at Ramsey.

Provenance and Acquisition

Matthew Parker (1504-1575), archbishop of Canterbury : partial pagination in characteristic red/orange crayon. Annotation in same crayon on front pastedown 'to ye Lord Keper', indicating Parker's intention to give the manuscript to Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579) , Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. The manuscript is recorded as a bequest to Bacon in Parker's will of 1575 ( TNA PROB/11/57/423 ) - where it is described as 'Librum Psalterii Dauidis cum glosa Saxonice pulchre scriptum et Ligatum' - but it was evidently in Bacon's possession before that date and by 1574 at the latest (see below for further details).

Donated to Cambridge University Library in 1574 by Sir Nicholas Bacon (1509-1579) , Lord Keeper of the Great Seal: printed and hand-coloured donation bookplate (the earliest example of its kind) showing Bacon's coat of arms and recording his gift affixed to the front pastedown.

Additional Information

Record Sources

This catalogue entry draws on the description provided by Paul Binski and Patrick Zutshi, with the collaboration of Stella Panayotova, Western Illuminated Manuscripts: A Catalogue of the Collection in Cambridge University Library (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011) (used here by kind permission of Cambridge University Press).

Availability

Entry to read in the Library is permitted only on presentation of a valid reader's card. For information on eligibility and admissions procedures, see Joining the Library). For further enquiries, and to confirm the availability of the manuscript, please contact the Special Collections Reading Room.

Bibliography

    Editions:

    A litany used by members of the English church in the tenth century The Journal of classical and sacred philology; Cambridge, Hardwick, C. (1, 266-270, 1854, http://search.proquest.com/docview/2750832/abstract/590E6339349543FAPQ/1) Der Cambridger Psalter (Hs. Ff. 1.23 University Libr. Cambridge) zum ersten Male hrsg., mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des lateinischen Textes Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa, Wildhagen, Karl (Hamburg, 1: Text mit Erklärungen, H. Grand, 1910) Le Psautier Romain et les autres anciens psautiers latins: édition critique Collectanea Biblica Latina, Weber, Robert (Roma, Abbaye Saint-Jérôme, 1953) A new psalter fragment with O.E. glosses English Studies: A Journal of English Letters and Philology: (later English Studies: A Journal of English Language and Literature), Derolez, René (53, 5, 401-408, 1972) Anglo-Saxon litanies of the saints Henry Bradshaw Society, (Woodbridge, Published for the Henry Bradshaw Society by Boydell Press, 1991) A newly-found fragment of an Anglo-Saxon psalter Anglo-Saxon England, Gneuss, Helmut (27, 273-287, 1998, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/newlyfound-fragment-of-an-anglosaxon-psalter/897566C2C4B3455C93F835671B4EDE65) Old English Glossed Psalters Toronto Old English Studies, Pulsiano, Phillip (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2001, https://doi-org.ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/10.3138/9781442678040) Sound, fury, and signifiers; or Wulfstan's language Wulfstan, Archbishop of York: the proceedings of the second Alcuin Conference Studies in the early Middle Ages, Dance, R. (Turnhout, 29-61, Brepols, 2004) A newly discovered manuscript of a twelfth-century Bury St. Edmunds litany of the saints, and its reuse in Vadstena Abbey, Sweden, in the late Middle Ages Scriptorium: Revue internationale des études relatives aux manuscrits / International Review of Manuscript Studies, Bolton, TimothyHedström, Ingela (64, 2, 287-300, 2010)

Bibliography

    Manuscript descriptions:

    A catalogue of the manuscripts preserved in the library of the University of Cambridge, (Cambridge, 2: Ee-Ff, Cambridge University Press, 1857) Bibliotheca musico-liturgica: a descriptive handlist of the musical and Latin-liturgical MSS. of the Middle Ages preserved in the libraries of Great Britain and Ireland, Frere, W.H. (London, 2, 1894) The ancient libraries of Canterbury and Dover: the catalogues of the libraries of Christ Church Priory and St. Augustine's Abbey at Canterbury and of St. Martin's Priory at Dover, James, Montague Rhodes (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1903, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511920097) The canticles of the Christian church, eastern and western in early and medieval times, Mearns, James (Cambridge, University Press, 1914) Le Psautier Romain et les autres anciens psautiers latins: édition critique Collectanea Biblica Latina, Weber, Robert (Roma, Abbaye Saint-Jérôme, 1953) The Canterbury school of illumination, 1066-1200, Dodwell, C.R. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1954) Catalogue of manuscripts containing Anglo-Saxon, Ker, N.R. (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1957) A new psalter fragment with O.E. glosses English Studies: A Journal of English Letters and Philology: (later English Studies: A Journal of English Language and Literature), Derolez, René (53, 5, 401-408, 1972) The golden age of Anglo-Saxon art, 966-1066, (London, British Museum Publications, 1984) Manuscripts from Anglo-Saxon England: an exhibition in the University Library Cambridge to mark the conference of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists, August 1985, (Cambridge, Cambridge University Library, 1985) Liturgical books in Anglo-Saxon England and their Old English terminology Learning and literature in Anglo-Saxon England: studies presented to Peter Clemoes on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday, Gneuss, Helmut (Cambridge, 91-141, University Press, ©1985, 1985) A Pre-Conquest English prayer-book: (BL MSS Cotton Galba A.xiv and Nero A.ii (ff.3-13)) Henry Bradshaw Society, Muir, Bernard James (Woodbridge, Boydell for the Henry Bradshaw Society, 1988) Catalogue of dated and datable manuscripts c. 737-1600 in Cambridge libraries, Robinson, P.R. (Cambridge, D.S. Brewer, 1988) On the dating of some late Anglo-Saxon liturgical manuscripts Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society, Dumville, David N. (10, 1, 40-57, 1991, https://www.jstor.org/stable/41154803) English Manuscript Art in the Mid-Eleventh Century: The Decorative Tradition The Antiquaries Journal, Gameson, Richard (71, 64-122, 1991, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquaries-journal/article/english-manuscript-art-in-the-mideleventh-century-the-decorative-tradition/D4E3600ADD8843DBDA485E9D3A76DA5E) Anglo-Saxon litanies of the saints Henry Bradshaw Society, (Woodbridge, Published for the Henry Bradshaw Society by Boydell Press, 1991) Liturgy and the ecclesiastical history of late Anglo-Saxon England: four studies Studies in Anglo-Saxon history, Dumville, David N. (Woodbridge, Boydell Press, 1992) Abbott Germanus, Winchcombe, Ramsey and the Cambridge Psalter Words, texts and manuscripts: studies in Anglo-Saxon culture presented to Helmut Gneuss on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday, Lapidge, Michael (Cambridge, 99-129, D.S. Brewer, 1992) English Caroline script and monastic history: studies in Benedictinism, A.D. 950-1030 English Caroline script and monastic history Studies in Anglo-Saxon history, Dumville, D.N. (Woodbridge, Boydell Press, 1993) Old English glosses to Latin texts: a bibliographical handlist Medioevo e Rinascimento, Vaciago, P. (7, 1-67, 1993) The Book of Cerne: prayers, patronage and power in ninth-century England, Brown, Michelle (London, British Library, 1996) The liturgical manuscripts of Oswald's houses St Oswald of Worcester: life and influence Studies in the early history of Britain, Corrêa, A. (London, 285-324, Leicester University Press, 1996) A newly-found fragment of an Anglo-Saxon psalter Anglo-Saxon England, Gneuss, Helmut (27, 273-287, 1998, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/newlyfound-fragment-of-an-anglosaxon-psalter/897566C2C4B3455C93F835671B4EDE65) The intellectual foundations of the English Benedictine reform Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England, Gretsch, Mechthild (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511483295) The Junius Psalter gloss: its historical and cultural context Anglo-Saxon England, Gretsch, Mechthild (29, 85-121, 2000, http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/junius-psalter-gloss-its-historical-and-cultural-context/FAE6151CE823CDABD532B00B1F9A1B95) The Cambridge Illuminations: ten centuries of book production in the medieval west, (London, Harvey Miller, 2005) Catalogue of manuscripts written or owned in England up to 1200 containing music, Hartzell, K.D. (Woodbridge, Boydell Press, 2006) Text and image in the Red Book of Darley Text, image, interpretation: studies in Anglo-Saxon literature and its insular context in honour of Éamonn Ó Carragáin Studies in the early Middle Ages, Karkov, Catherine E. (Turnhout, 135-148, Brepols, 2007) St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury Corpus of British medieval library catalogues, Barker-Benfield, B.C. (London, British Library in association with the British Academy, 2008) Glosses and notes in Anglo-Saxon manuscripts Working with Anglo-Saxon manuscripts Exeter medieval texts and studies, Graham, T. (Exeter, 159-203, University of Exeter Press, 2009) A survey of Latin manuscripts Working with Anglo-Saxon manuscripts Exeter medieval texts and studies, Wieland, Gernot R. (Exeter, 113-157, University of Exeter Press, 2009) Western illuminated manuscripts: a catalogue of the collection in Cambridge University Library, Binski, PaulZutshi, Patrick (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi-org.ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/10.1017/CBO9780511780479) The material fabric of early British books The Cambridge history of the book in Britain, Gameson, Richard (Cambridge, 1: c. 400-1100, 13-93, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521583459.003) Annotated Psalters and Psalm study in late Anglo-Saxon England: the manuscript evidence Rethinking and Recontextualizing Glosses: New Perspectives in the Study of Late Anglo-Saxon Glossography Textes et Études du Moyen Âge, Rushforth, Rebecca (Turnhout, 39-66, Brepols, 2011, http://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/abs/10.1484/M.TEMA-EB.4.00849) A conspectus of scribal hands writing English, 960-1100 Publications of the Manchester Centre for Anglo-Saxon studies, Scragg, D.G. (Cambridge, D.S. Brewer, 2012) A catalogue of western book illumination in the Fitzwilliam Museum and the Cambridge colleges Illuminated manuscripts in Cambridge, (London, 1: Insular and Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, c. 700-c. 1100, Harvey Miller, 2013)

Bibliography

    Decoration:

    English illuminated manuscripts: from the Xth to the XIIIth century, Millar, Eric George (Paris; Bruxelles, G. van Oest, 1926) Decorated Initials in English MSS from A.D. 900-1100 Archaeologia, Wormald, Francis (91, 107-35, 1945) Late Saxon and Viking art, Kendrick, T.D. (London, Methuen, 1949) English art, 871-1100 Oxford history of English art series, Rice, David Talbot (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1952) English Drawings of the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries, Wormald, Francis (London, Faber & Faber, 1952) The Canterbury school of illumination, 1066-1200, Dodwell, C.R. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1954) The Bayeux Tapestry: style and design The Bayeux tapestry: a comprehensive survey, Wormald, Francis (London, 25-36, Phaidon Press, 1957) David Rex et Propheta: König David als vorbildliche Verkörperung des Herrschers und Dichters im Mittelalter, nach Bilddarstellungen des achten bis zwölften Jahrunderts Erlanger Beiträge zur Sprachund Kunstwissenschaft, Steger, Hugo (Nürnberg, H. Carl, 1961) Norman illumination at Mont St Michel, 966-1100, Alexander, J.J.G. (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1970) Romanesque manuscripts, 1066-1190 A Survey of manuscripts illuminated in the British Isles, Kauffmann, C. M. (London, H. Miller, 1975) Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, 900-1066 A Survey of manuscripts illuminated in the British Isles, Temple, Elżbieta (London, Harvey Miller, 1976) Manuscripts containing English decoration 871-1066, catalogues and illustrated: a review Anglo-Saxon England, Brownrigg, Linda (7, 239, 1978) Collected writings I: Studies in medieval art from the sixth to the twelfth centuries, Wormald, Francis (London, Harvey Miller, 1984) Insular and Anglo-Saxon illuminated manuscripts: an iconographic catalogue, c. A.D. 625 to 1100 Garland reference library of the humanities, Ohlgren, Thomas H. (New York, Garland, 1986) Anglo-Saxon crucifixion iconography: and the art of the monastic revival Cambridge studies in Anglo-Saxon England, Raw, Barbara C. (Cambridge, University Press, 1990) English Manuscript Art in the Mid-Eleventh Century: The Decorative Tradition The Antiquaries Journal, Gameson, Richard (71, 64-122, 1991, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquaries-journal/article/english-manuscript-art-in-the-mideleventh-century-the-decorative-tradition/D4E3600ADD8843DBDA485E9D3A76DA5E) The role of art in the late Anglo-Saxon church Oxford historical monographs, Gameson, Richard (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1995) L'episode de la Harpe et de la Rote dans la légende de Tristan: étude sur le symbolisme de deux instruments de musique. Cahiers de civilisation médiévale, Xe-XIIe siècles, Looper, Jennifer (38, 152, 345-352, 1995) The Galba Psalter: pictures, texts and context in an early medieval prayerbook Anglo-Saxon England, Deshman (†), Robert (26, 109–138, 1997) Scribal habit: the evidence of the Old English Gospels Rewriting Old English in the Twelfth Century Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England, Liuzza, Roy M. (Cambridge, 30, 143-165, Cambridge University Press, 2000) L'image organum: la représentation de la musique dans les psautiers médiévaux, 800-1200, Marchesin, Isabelle (Turnhout, Brepols, 2000) Der illuminierte Psalter im Westen The Illuminated Psalter: Studies in the Content, Purpose and Placement of its Images, Büttner, F. O. (Turnhout, 1-106, Brepols, 2004) Text as image in Ælfwine's Prayerbook The power of words: Anglo-Saxon studies presented to Donald G. Scragg on his seventieth birthday Medieval European studies, Karkov, Catherine E. (Morgantown, 95-114, West Virginia University Press, 2006) Text and image in the Red Book of Darley Text, image, interpretation: studies in Anglo-Saxon literature and its insular context in honour of Éamonn Ó Carragáin Studies in the early Middle Ages, Karkov, Catherine E. (Turnhout, 135-148, Brepols, 2007) Book decoration in England, c. 871-c. 1100 The Cambridge history of the book in Britain, Gameson, Richard (Cambridge, 1: c. 400-1100, 249-293, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521583459.011) St John the Evangelist: between two worlds Insular & Anglo-Saxon art and thought in the early medieval period Occasional papers (Princeton University. Department of Art and Archaeology. Index of Christian Art), O'Reilly, J. (Princeton, N.J., 189-218, 2011)

Bibliography

    Secondary studies:

    Studien zu Altenglischen Psalterglossen, Lindelöf, Uno (Bonn, P. Hanstein, 1904) Studien zum Psalterium Romanum in England und zu seinen Glossierungen (in geschichtlicher Entwicklung) Festschrift für Lorenz Morsbach dargebracht von Freunden und Schülern Studien zur englischen Philologie, Wildhagen, Karl (Halle, 419-472, M. Niemeyer, 1913) The dispersal of the monastic libraries and the beginning of Anglo-Saxon studies: Matthew Parker and his circle. A preliminary Study Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society, Wright, C.E. (1, 3, 208-237, 1951) La légende de sainte Valérie et les émaux champlevés de Limoges Bulletin de la sociétée archéologique et historique du Limousin, Gauthier, M.-M. S. (86, 35-80, 1955) Adoratio crucis: The Regularis concordia, and The Decreta Lanfranci: manuscript studies in the early medieval church of Norway, Gjerløw, Lilli (Oslo; Boston, Norwegian Universities Press, 1961) The glosses The Vespasian Psalter: British Museum, Cotton Vespasian A.I Early English manuscripts in facsimile, Campbell, A. (Copenhagen, 81-92, Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1967) Livrets de prières de l'époque carolingienne Revue bénédictine, Salmon, Pierre (86, 3-4, 218-234, 1976) On the interrelationships of the Old English Psalter-Glosses AAA: Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik, Bierbaumer, Peter (2, 123-148, 1977, https://www.jstor.org/stable/43019881) Litanies of the saints in Anglo-Saxon manuscripts: a preliminary list. Scriptorium: Revue internationale des études relatives aux manuscrits / International Review of Manuscript Studies, Lapidge, Michael (40, 2, 264-277, 1986) Winchester und der spätaltenglische Sprachgebrauch: Untersuchungen zur geographischen und zeitlichen Verbreitung altenglischer Synonyme Texte und Untersuchungen zur englischen Philologie, Hofstetter, Walter (München, Fink, 1987) A Pre-Conquest English prayer-book: (BL MSS Cotton Galba A.xiv and Nero A.ii (ff.3-13)) Henry Bradshaw Society, Muir, Bernard James (Woodbridge, Boydell for the Henry Bradshaw Society, 1988) The scribes and Old English gloss of the Eadwine's Canterbury Psalter Proceedings of the PMR Conference, 14, Pulsiano, Phillip (Villanova, Penn., 223-260, Villanova University Press, 1989) The dynamics of literacy in Anglo-Saxon England Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, Brown, George Hardin (77, 109-142, 1995) The liturgical books of Anglo-Saxon England Old English newsletter. Subsidia, Pfaff, Richard W. (Kalamazoo, Mich, Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1995) The Book of Cerne: prayers, patronage and power in ninth-century England, Brown, Michelle (London, British Library, 1996) A Catalogue of Cambridge University Library, 1583 Books and collectors, 1200-1700: essays presented to Andrew Watson The British Library studies in the history of the book, Leedham-Green, E. S.McKitterick, David (London, 153-245, British Library, 1997) A testimonye of verye ancient tyme? Some manuscript models for the Parkerian Anglo-Saxon type-designs Of the Making of Books: Medieval Manuscripts, their Scribes and Readers. Essays presented to M.B. Parkes, Lucas, Peter J. (Aldershot, 147-88, Scolar Press, 1997) St. Martial and the dating of late Anglo-Saxon manuscripts Scriptorium: Revue internationale des études relatives aux manuscrits / International Review of Manuscript Studies, Toswell, M. Jane (51, 1, 3-14, 1997) A newly-found fragment of an Anglo-Saxon psalter Anglo-Saxon England, Gneuss, Helmut (27, 273-287, 1998, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/newlyfound-fragment-of-an-anglosaxon-psalter/897566C2C4B3455C93F835671B4EDE65) The prefatory matter of London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius E. xviii Anglo-Saxon manuscripts and their heritage, Pulsiano, Philip (Aldershot, 85-116, Ashgate, 1998) The Date and Origins of Three Twelfth-Century Old English Manuscripts Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts and Their Heritage, Treharne, Elaine M. (Aldershot, 227-53, Ashgate, 1998) Eleventh-century continental hymnaries containing latin glosses Scriptorium, Boynton, Susan (53, 2, 200-251, 1999, https://www.persee.fr/doc/scrip_0036-9772_1999_num_53_2_1882) The Old English gloss of the Eadwine Psalter Rewriting Old English in the Twelfth Century Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England, Pulsiano, Phillip (Cambridge, 30, 166-194, Cambridge University Press, 2000) Abraham Wheelock and the Presentation of Anglo-Saxon: From Manuscript to Print Beatus vir: studies in early English and Norse manuscripts : in memory of Phillip Pulsiano Medieval and Renaissance texts and studies, Lucas, P.J. (Tempe, 383-439, ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies), 2006) Introduction: on making medieval illuminated manuscripts accessible The Cambridge illuminations: the conference papers, Henderson, George (London, 13-19, Harvey Miller, 2007) Cues and clues: palaeographical aspects of Anglo-Saxon scholarship Form and content of instruction in Anglo-Saxon England in the light of contemporary manuscript evidence: papers presented at the international conference, Udine, 6-8 April 2006 Textes et études du moyen âge, Rumble, Alexander R. (Turnhout, 115-130, Brepols, 2007) Tributes to Lucy Freeman Sandler: studies in illuminated manuscripts, Smith, Kathryn A.Krinsky, Carol Herselle (London, Harvey Miller, 2007) The liturgy in medieval England: a history, Pfaff, Richard William (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2009) Annotated Psalters and Psalm study in late Anglo-Saxon England: the manuscript evidence Rethinking and Recontextualizing Glosses: New Perspectives in the Study of Late Anglo-Saxon Glossography Textes et Études du Moyen Âge, Rushforth, Rebecca (Turnhout, 39-66, Brepols, 2011, http://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/abs/10.1484/M.TEMA-EB.4.00849) Latin script in England c. 900–1100: English Caroline Minuscule The Cambridge history of the book in Britain, Rushforth, Rebecca (Cambridge, 1: c. 400-1100, 197-210, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521583459.008) The Anglo-Saxon psalter Medieval church studies, Toswell, M.J. (Turnhout, Brepols, 2014)

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