Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.4.24
Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales
Contents
Language(s): Middle English, with some rubrics and marginal annotations in Latin. Not in LALME, but localised to London area (Thaisen and Da Rold (2009)). Previously localised to western Norfolk, Ely and Cambridgeshire (Manly and Rickert (1940))
I.1-252, 595-758 lost.
DIMEV: I.920-1170, 1502-931, 2927-3016 lost. I.2681-2, 2754-7, 2779-82 omitted.
'Amen quod Wytton' in margin next to I.3108 (f.
DIMEV: I.3155-6 omitted
DIMEV: I.3721-2 omitted.
'quod Wytton' in the margin of f. 47r.
'quod the Reve' in the margin of f. 52v.
A 13-line gap follows the end of the text, with the rubric on the following recto.
Opening rubric added by a later hand.
DIMEV: II.530-710 lost.
'Amen quod Wytton' in the margin of f. 67r.
DIMEV: Includes III.44a-f.
DIMEV: III.1963-4 reversed.
'quod Wytton' in the margin of f. 92r.
A 9-line gap between the final line and the final rubric.
DIMEV: IV.59-60 reversed
DIMEV: IV.1405-6 reversed.
'Amen' in the margin of f. 119r.
DIMEV: V.69-72, 671-2 omitted.
Remainder of f. 127r and all of f. 127v left blank (with additions made later to the verso).
'Amen' in the margin of f. 138v.
DIMEV: V.709-53, 1472-564 lost; 1455-6 omitted.
DIMEV: VI.297-8 omitted.
DIMEV: VI.333-4, 346 omitted; spurious lines follow 345.
Remainder of f. 149v and all of f. 150r left blank (with additions made later to both).
DIMEV: VII.394-434 lost.
DIMEV: VII.443-73 lost.
DIMEV: VII.647-690 lost.
DIMEV: VII.712-44 lost. The final line (918) follows 917 in the margin, written as if one line, separated only by a punctus elevatus.
Rhyming couplets accompanied by a brace and a third line of verse.
DIMEV: VII.2375-2462 (the 'Modern Instances') follow 2766; 2380 left blank.
DIMEV: VII.2810-20 lost.
DIMEV: VII.2821-2889 lost; 3163-6 omitted
Gap of c. 15 lines between final line and final rubric
'Amen' in the margin of f. 202r.
DIMEV: VIII.711 omitted ('deficit versus' in margin); 564-5 precede 562-3.
DIMEV: Everything after VIII.855 lost.
Physical Description
19th-century foliation:
[i-iv] + 6-8, 12-13, 17-20, 26-36, 38-59, 62-127, 129-136, 138-154, 156-157, 159-162, 164-187, 189-205 + [v-viii]
Written in pencil in the upper right-hand corner of the recto of each leaf, initially by Henry Bradshaw , University Librarian 1867-1886. Folio numbers were assigned to leaves no longer present in the volume (as per historic foliation practice at Cambridge University Library). Bradshaw's numbering is most visible in its original form on the leaves of parchment. On the leaves of paper, most of the numbering has been erased and re-written. Three mistakes were made in the process of refoliation. A stub of a missing leaf that bears no text has been foliated as f. 36b: such stubs ought not to have been foliated at all, and in any case is the remnants of what Bradshaw would have foliated as f. 37. Similarly, what remains of f. 188 has been misnumbered as '188a'. Folio 164 has been misnumbered as '169'. In each instance, these mistakes have been corrected in the digital record and display provided here.19th-century (partial) foliation
'fo. vii'-'fo. xlix' (on ff. 7-49)
Written in pencil in the centre of the fore-edge margin of the recto of each leaf, probably by Henry Bradshaw .Collation
The manuscript comprises 9 quires, all originally of 24 leaves, but most lacking one or more leaves, as follows:
- Quire 124-15 (ff. 6-20: 1st-5th, 9th-11th, 14th-16th and 21st-24th leaves all missing)
- Quire 224-1 (ff. 26-48: 1st and 13th leaves missing)
- Quire 324-2 (ff. 49-72: 12th and 13th leaves missing)
- Quires 4-524 (ff. 73-120)
- Quire 624-2 (ff. 121-144: 8th and 17th leaves missing)
- Quire 724-3 (ff. 145-168: 11th, 14th and 19th leaves missing)
- Quire 824-1 (ff. 169-192: 20th leaf missing)
- Quire 924-12 (ff. 193-205: 13th-24th leaves missing)
Leaf signatures of various sorts, as follows: Quire 2, ff-m (ff. 30-36); Quire 3, 1-11 (ff. 49-59); Quire 4, A-M (ff. 73-84); Quires 5-9, the typical late medieval alphanumeric sequence, starting a i-a xii, through to d i-d xii (f. 97 onwards).
No quire signatures.
Catchwords, sometimes introduced with a red paraph mark and / or enclosed in a box, or neither.Condition
Layout
220 × 110-140 mm. Paper leaves ruled in harpoint, frame only. Parchment leaves ruled variously in hardpoint (Quire 1), brown ink (Quires 2-3), and ink (Quire 9). The ruling of the parchment in Quires 4-5 is unclear. Single column. 41-48 lines to the page, written below top line. The written space varies in size, being more regular on the leaves of paper (220 x 130-140 mm) than on the leaves of parchment (210-220 x 110-130 mm).
Hand(s)
All of the text, rubrics, and corrections are written by a single hand in Anglicana formata, influenced occasionally by Bastard Anglicana, which is used mainly in the rubrics. Signed 'Wytton' on ff. 39r, 47r, 67r and 92r. For a detailed profile and description of the hand, as well as discussion of various theories as to the identification of 'Wytton', see Da Rold, The Dd Manuscript: Palaeographical considerations (2013).
Decoration
Two- to six-line initials in blue, with infill and marginal flourishing in red, at the openings of prologues and tales, and occasionally at intermediate points within.
Occasional calligraphic treatment of litterae notabiliores. From 113v onwards, at intervals, letters ornamented by elongation and fancy ascenders.
Paraph marks, in red or blue, used throughout, in the text, rubrics and marginal annotations.
Additions
Beginning of a letter written by a later hand on f. 127v. Manly and Rickert (i. p. 104) suggest that it might refer to the visit of Danish ambassadors to London in August 1496.
Quire signatures a-i written in pencil in the lower right-hand corner of the recto side of the first leaf in each quire by 19th-/20th-century hands.
Annotation on f. 201r by Henry Bradshaw ('leaves 200, 201 shd be transposed') and another on f. 199v by H.L. Pink ('leaf 200 misbound after 201'). These should now be disregarded. For further details, see Custodial History.
Binding
Rebound at Cambridge University Library 2004-2007. Alum-tawed skin, dyed yellow, over pasteboards. For further details, see Custodial History.
Rebound in 1862 by Wiseman (bookbinder), Cambridge . Brown calf over pasteboards, blind tooled with geometrical designs; sewn on five bands. Title and classmark tooled in gold on the spine. This former is now kept in the drawer of the box in which the manuscript is housed.
Part of the leather from a former binding of the early 17th century (or thereabouts) was preserved and pasted onto the inside of the 19th-century covers. These show a cross with four acorns and oak leaves, tooled in gold, with the initials 'S W' blind-tooled on each side. See Provenance for further discussion.
History
Various theories have been advanced concerning the date and place of production of the manuscript, with Oxford, London, Westminster or some other as yet unknown location each being proposed. See bibliography below.
Provenance and Acquisition
Preliminary note:
Much of the medieval and early modern provenance of MS Dd.4.24 remains uncertain. The manuscript contains numerous annotations and inscriptions, often of names - all, some or none of which may be connected with its ownership. Many of the connections between these names and specific individuals were first put forward by John Manly and Edith Rickert (1940), but the evidence is often tenuous and the connections speculative, and they remain the subject of some debate. See Seymour (1997), Mosser (2011) and Da Rold (2013) for further discussion.
Rather than reproduce what was proposed by Manly and Rickert, this description will instead list the locations and approximate dates of the names written into MS Dd.4.24, providing convenient links to these instances and the basis for future research.
8r: ' Hungerford ' (15th century). 'Hungerford' has not been identified. (A 'Margery Hungerford' signed her name in Cambridge, University Library, MS Ff.1.6, f. 14v , however the style of handwriting is different to that used here).
38r: ' Rychard Mervyn ' (16th century). Rychard/Richard Mervyn has not been identified.
146r: 'Thys ys Wyllyam Langstuns Boke' (16th century). William Langston/Langdon (16th century) has not been identified.
180r: 'Said william rokes' (16th/17th century). Another inscription on f. 120v might repeat the surname 'rokes'. William Rokes/Rookes (16th/17th century) has not been identified, though the same name may also be found in Cambridge, University Library, MS Add. 6864.
150r: 'Wyllyam pully ys my name and he' (16th/17th century). William Pully has not been identified. (A William Pulley was at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1584-91, vicar at various parishes in Kent 1596-1608 onwards. Will proven 1645. See: Venn:PLY584W.
'S W' (16th/17th century). Initials blind-tooled on the covers of an earlier, 16th/17th-century binding, preserved on the front and rear pastedowns of the 19th-century binding (which itself has been replaced and is retained with the manuscript). ' S. W. ' has not been identified. Seymour suggests that the initials could indicate the manuscript's ownership by Samuel Ward (d. 1605) of Ipswich, though on what basis is not made clear, and this connection remains speculative.
The date and circumstances of the manuscript's acquisition by Cambridge University Library remain unclear. It has not been identified among the manuscripts listed as belonging to John Moore (1646-1714), bishop of Ely in Bernard, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ (c. 1697) or the handwritten supplementary list of Moore's manuscripts (now Cambridge, University Library, MS Oo.7.50(2)) compiled by Thomas Tanner (1674-1735). However, it must have arrived by c. 1753, since it was recorded in the handwritten catalogue compiled at that time by Francis Sawyer Parris, Protobibliothecarius (now Cambridge, University Library, MS Oo.7.53-55). It is marked there as 'R', as were other books known or thought to have been among Moore's library. This collection was purchased en bloc and presented to the University Library in 1715 by George I , and known thereafter as the 'Royal Library' (hence, 'R').
If Moore did indeed own this manuscript, Manly and Rickert suggested that he may have obtained it from Samuel Hoadly/Hodley , of the grammar school at Hackney, who was noted as having in his possession a copy of 'Chaucer's Works' - though this description does not match the contents of this manuscript and the connection seems doubtful.
Additional Information
Record Sources
The Dd Manuscript, ed. by Orietta Da Rold, The Norman Blake Editions of The Canterbury Tales (University of Sheffield, 2013), [http://www.chaucermss.org/dd] [accessed 19 February 2024] (used here by kind permission of the author).
Daniel W. Mosser, 'A digital catalogue of the pre-1500 manuscripts and incunables of the Canterbury Tales', 2nd edition (2011), [https://www.mossercatalogue.net/record.php?recID=Dd]
The Digital Index of Middle English Verse , ed. by Linne R. Mooney, Daniel W. Mosser and Elizabeth Solopova (2008-)
An unpublished description of the manuscript composed between 1948 and 1970 by H.L. Pink , now held in the University Archives (UA ULIB 7/3/75).
An unpublished description of the manuscript composed between 1926 and 1930 by M.R. James , now held in the University Archives (UA ULIB 7/3/74).
Availability
Entry to read in the Library is permitted only on presentation of a valid reader's card. For information on eligibility and admissions procedures, see Joining the Library). For further enquiries, and to confirm the availability of the manuscript, please contact the Special Collections Reading Room.
Custodial History
Bibliography
-
A catalogue of the manuscripts preserved in the library of the University of Cambridge, (Cambridge, 1: Dd, Cambridge University Press, 1856)
The Cambridge ms. Dd. 4. 24. of Chaucer's Canterbury tales: completed by the Egerton
ms. 2726
(the Haistwell ms) Chaucer Society. First series, (London, Pub. for the Chaucer Society by K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, 1902)
The manuscripts of Chaucer's <hi rend="italics">Canterbury tales</hi>: a critical
description of their contents, McCormick, William (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1933)
The text of the Canterbury Tales studied on the basis of all known manuscripts, Manly, John M.Rickert, Edith (Chicago, 1, University of Chicago Press, 1940)
The production of copies of the <hi rend="italics">Canterbury Tales</hi> and the
<hi rend="italics">Confessio Amantis</hi> in the early fifteenth century. Medieval
Scribes, Manuscripts and Libraries. Essays Presented to N.R. Ker, Doyle, A.I.Parkes, Malcolm B. (London, 163-210, Scolar Press, 1978)
The alternative reading of <hi rend="italics">The Canterbury Tales</hi>: Chaucer's
text and the early manuscripts The alternative reading of {The Canterbury Tales} PMLA:
Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, Owen, Charles A. (97, 2, 237-250, 1982)
The layout of <hi rend="italics">Sir Thopas</hi> in the Ellesmere, Hengwrt, Cambridge
Dd.4.24, and Cambridge Gg.4.27 manuscripts Chaucer Review: A Journal of Medieval Studies
and Literary Criticism, Tschann, Judith Ann (20, 1, 1-13, 1985)
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Abbreviations
View list of abbreviations and editorial conventions.
