Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.4.24

Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales

Contents

Introduction: Cambridge, University Library, MS. Dd.4.24 (Dd) is one of the earliest surviving manuscripts of the Canterbury Tales. Textually, Dd contains the 'canonical' tales of the Canterbury Tales running from the General Prologue to the Canon's Yeoman's Tale, but the last part of the manuscript is defective, and it is impossible to say how Dd ended. The content and order of the tales in Dd are very close to California, San Marino, Huntington Library MS. El. 26 C 9 - also known as the 'Ellesmere manuscript' (El) - another famous manuscript of this poem which is often used in modern editions of this poem. There is evidence in Dd that the scribe had to make decisions in the sequence of the tales as well as in the inclusion of contested passages. For instance, the missing paragraph between ff. 105v-106r at the beginning of the Merchant's Tale indicates that a paper leaf was replaced (Da Rold, 2003). The scribe of Dd also included a rarely corrected version of the extra passages in the Wife of Bath's Prologue (Da Rold, 2007), which supports the thesis that the Dd scribe was working collaboratively in a location not too distant from a supply of exemplars. The manuscript was produced at the turn of the fifteenth century. It is the only surviving early witness of this Chaucerian text to be written on paper. Paper by the beginning of the fifteenth century was a familiar object in English book production and beyond. And yet, despite many attempts, the paper-stocks in Dd have yet not been identified with certainty. The paper is a thin, laid, watermarked paper folded in a quarto format. From an approximate calculation each sheet measured c. 580 mm x 400 mm before folding but after it was trimmed. This is a large size of paper, of a type known as 'Royal'. Accounts tell us that Royal paper was more expensive than other types of paper and it was bought by clerks in several writing environments, including the royal household, with evidence from about 1350s. Iconographically, Dd's paper stocks include watermarks comprising twin dragons in Quires 1-8 and a dog in Quire 9. Despite much discussion, it is still impossible to identify these watermarks in published albums because the size of the paper is not the same. Those watermarks that have been often compared to the one in Dd are imprinted on 'Chancery' paper (a smaller size of paper) and therefore cannot have come from the same mould. The only exact matches that I have identified to date relate to the dog paper stock. They can be found in other two manuscripts in Cambridge University Library's collections: MS Ii.5.41, a copy of John Trevisa's translation of Bartholomeus Anglicus, De Proprietaribus Rerum, ff. 37-38 and MS Dd.1.1, a miscellany including a copy of the Northern Homilies, ff. 16-215. The manuscript bears the possible name of its scribe, 'Wytton,' inscribed on several folios: at the end of the Knight's Tale (f. 39r), the Miller's Tale (f. 47r) and the Summoner's Tale (f. 92r). Dd has often puzzled scholars, who on the one hand have praised the quality of its text and some of its codicological features, but on the other have considered the manuscript as the work of an amateur in a provincial milieu, probably a university student (Manly and Rickert, 1940, 1, p. 105). However, a recent and more compelling argument suggests that the scribe of Dd likely belonged to a network of scribes operating in London, with access to informed insights into the early development of the Canterbury Tales text and the genesis of its tale-order, shedding light on the literary and cultural milieu of the time. Dd opens a window into the rich context of medieval literary culture, offering an enduring legacy to the creation and circulation of the Canterbury Tales and its place in literary history. Orietta da Rold| Professor of Medieval Literature and Manuscript Studies| University of Cambridge

Language(s): Middle English, with some rubrics and marginal annotations in Latin. Not in LALME, but localised to London area (Thaisen and Da Rold (2009)). Previously localised to western Norfolk, Ely and Cambridgeshire (Manly and Rickert (1940))

6r-205v
Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer
Language(s): Middle English, with some rubrics and marginal annotations in Latin. Not in LALME, but localised to London area (Thaisen and Da Rold (2009)). Previously localised to western Norfolk, Ely and Cambridgeshire (Manly and Rickert (1940))
DIMEV 6414
NIMEV 4019
Furnivall (1901-02)
Da Rold (2013)
1.1. 6r-13r
General Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: || 6r: though a wyndewe / had nouȝt a shoo
Explicit: 13r: This tale a non / and seide on þis manere

I.1-252, 595-758 lost.

DIMEV 6415
Solopova (2000)
1.2. 13r-39r
Knight's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 13r: Iamque domos patrias scithice post aspera gentis / prelia laurigero et cetera / Heere bigynneth / the knyghtes tale
Incipit: 13r: Whilom there was / as olde stories tellen vs
Explicit: 39r: Thus endeth Palamon / and Emelye / And god saue al / this fair companye

DIMEV: I.920-1170, 1502-931, 2927-3016 lost. I.2681-2, 2754-7, 2779-82 omitted.

'Amen quod Wytton' in margin next to I.3108 (f.

DIMEV 6530
1.3. 39r-39v
Miller's Prologue / Knight-Miller link Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 39r: The prologe of the Millere
Incipit: 39r: Whan that the knyght / had thus his tale I told In al the companye / ne was þere ȝong ne old
Explicit: 39v: A vyseth ȝow / and put me ouȝt of blame / And eke / men shuln nat make / ernest of game

DIMEV: I.3155-6 omitted

DIMEV 6427
1.4. 40r-47r
Miller's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 40r: Heere bygynneth the Millers tale
Incipit: 40r: Whilom there was dwellyng / in Oxenford / A riche gnof / that gestes held to bord
Explicit: 47r: And Nicholas is skalded / in the toute / This tale is don / and god saue al the route
Final rubric: 47v: Thus endeth the Millers tale...

DIMEV: I.3721-2 omitted.

'quod Wytton' in the margin of f. 47r.

DIMEV 6537
1.5. 47v-48r
Reeve's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 47v: ...and bygynneth the prologe of the Reve
Incipit: 47v: Whanne folk han laughen / at þis nyce cas / Of Absoloun / and hende Nicholas
Explicit: 48r: He can wel in myn eye / sen a stalke / But in his owen / he can nat sen a balke
DIMEV 6307
1.6. 48r-52v
Reeve's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 48r: Here bigynneth the Reues Tale
Incipit: 48r: At Trompyngtoun / nat fer fro Caumbrygge / There goth a broke / and ouer that a brygge
Explicit: 52v: Saue al this companye / grete and smale / Thus haue I quyt the Millere / in my tale
Final rubric: 52v: Thus endeth the Reues Tale...

'quod the Reve' in the margin of f. 52v.

DIMEV 724
1.7. 52v-53r
Cook's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 52v: ...and bigynneth the prologe of the Cook
Incipit: 52v: The Cok of Londoun / while the Reve spak / For ioye him þought / he clawed him on the bak
Explicit: 53r: And ther with alle / he lough and made chere / And seide his tale / as ȝe shuln after here
DIMEV 5238
1.8. 53r-53v
Cook's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 53r: The Cookes Tale
Incipit: 53r: A prentys whilom / dwelled in oure Citee / Of a craft / of vetayleres was he
Explicit: 53v: And had a wyf / þat held for countenaunce / A shoppe / and swyued for hire sustenaunce
Final rubric: 54r: Sic desinit fabula Coci...

A 13-line gap follows the end of the text, with the rubric on the following recto.

DIMEV 145
1.9. 54r-55r
Introduction to the Man of Law's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 54r: ...et Incipit prologue legis periti
Incipit: 54r: Oure host saw wel / þat the bright sonne / The ark of his artificiale day / hath ronne
Explicit: 55r: And with that word / he with a sober chere / Bygan his tale / as ȝe shuln after here
Final rubric: 55r: Hic finitur prologue legis periti...
DIMEV 4315
1.10. 55r-55v
Man of Law's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 55r: ...et incipit fabula eiusdem
Incipit: 55r: O hateful harme / condicione of pouerte / With thrust with cold / with honger so confounded
Explicit: 55v: Ner that a Marchaunt / gon is many a ȝere / Me taught a tale / which þat ȝe shal here
DIMEV 3929
1.11. 55v-67r
Man of Law's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 55v: incipit fabula dame custanus
Incipit: 55v: In Surrye whilom / dwelled a companye / Of chapmen riche / and ther to sad and trewe
Explicit: 67r: Ioye after woo / gouerne vs / in his grace / And kepe vs alle / that ben in this place
Final rubric: 67r: Hic finitur fabula legis periti

Opening rubric added by a later hand.

DIMEV: II.530-710 lost.

'Amen quod Wytton' in the margin of f. 67r.

DIMEV 2587
1.12. 67r-76v
Wife of Bath's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 67r: Incipit prologue vxoris de Bathe
Incipit: 67r: Experience / though noon auctoritee / Were in this world / is right I now for me
Explicit: 76v: If I haue lycence / of this worthy Frere / Ȝis dame quod he / tell forth / and I wyl here
Final rubric: 76v: Hic desinit prologue...

DIMEV: Includes III.44a-f.

DIMEV 1242
Robinson (1996)
1.13. 76v-81r
Wife of Bath's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 76v: ...et incipit fabula vxoris de Bathe
Incipit: 76v: In the olde dayes / of kyng Arthour / Of which that Bretons speken / gret honour
Explicit: 81r: And olde and angry / nygardes of despence / God send hem sone / verray pestilence
Final rubric: 81r: Hic desinit fabula vxoris de Bathe...
DIMEV 2618
1.14. 81r-81v
Friar's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 81r: ...Et incipit prologus fratris
Incipit: 81r: This worthy Lymytour / this noble frere / He made alwey / a maner louryng chere
Explicit: 81v: And after this / he seide vn to the Frere / Telleth forth ȝoure tale / myn owen maister dere
DIMEV 5802
1.15. 81v-85v
Friar's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 81v: Incipit fabula fratris
Incipit: 81v: Whilom there was dwellyng / in my contree / An Archedekene / a man of hey degree
Explicit: 85v: And preyeth that theise Sompnours / hem repent / Of here mysdedis / or that the fend hem hent
Final rubric: 85v: Hic desinit fabula fratris...
DIMEV 6536
1.16. 85v-86r
Summoner's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 85v: ...Et incipit prologus Summonitoris
Incipit: 85v: This Sompnour / in hise stiryopes heye stode / Vp on this frere / his hert was so wode
Explicit: 86r: God saue ȝow alle / saue this cursed Frere / My prolog wol I ende / in this manere
Final rubric: 86r: Hic desinit prologus...
DIMEV 5756
1.17. 86r-92r
Summoner's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: 86r: Lordyngges there is / in ȝorkshire as I gesse / A mersshy contre / called holdernesse
Explicit: 92r: And Iankyn hath I wonne / a newe Govne / My Tale is doon / we ben almost at Tovne
Final rubric: 86r: Hic finitur fabula Summonitoris...

DIMEV: III.1963-4 reversed.

'quod Wytton' in the margin of f. 92r.

A 9-line gap between the final line and the final rubric.

DIMEV 3255
1.18. 92v-93r
Clerk's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 86r: ...et incipit prologue clerici de Oxonia
Incipit: 92v: Sire Clerk of Oxenford / oure host sayde / ȝe ride as stille and coy / as dooth a mayde
Explicit: 93r: Saue he wole conueyen / his matere / But this is the tale / which þat ȝe moun heere
Final rubric: 93r: Hic desinit prologus...
DIMEV 4860
1.19. 93r-105v
Clerk's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 93r: ...et incipit fabula clerici de Oxonia
Incipit: 93r: There is right at the west side / of Ytaille / Doun at te rote / of vesulus the colde
Explicit: 105v: Be ay of chere as light / as lef on lynde / And late him care / wepe / wrynge / and waille

DIMEV: IV.59-60 reversed

DIMEV 5573
1.20. 105v
'Clerk's Endlink' / 'The Host's Stanza' Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: 105v: This worthi clerk / whan ended was his tale / Oure host seyde / and swor by godys bones
Explicit: 105v: As to my purpos / wyst ȝe my wylle / But thyng that wol nat be / lat it be stille
Final rubric: 105v: Sic desinit fabula Clerici...
DIMEV 5801
1.21. 106r
Merchant's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 105v: ...et incipit prologus of the Marchaunt
Incipit: 106r: Wepyng and waylyng / care and other sorwe / I knowe I now / on Euen and on morwe
Explicit: 106r: Gladly quod he / but of myn owen sore / For sory hert / I telle may nomore
DIMEV 6175
1.22. 106r-119r
Merchant's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: 106r: Whilom there was dwellyng / in lumbardie / A worthy knyght / that born was of Pauye
Explicit: 119r: Thus endeth heere my tale / of Ianuarie / God blisse vs alle / and oure lady Seynt Marie
Final rubric: 119r: Sic desinit fabula Mercatoris...

DIMEV: IV.1405-6 reversed.

'Amen' in the margin of f. 119r.

DIMEV 6535
1.23. 119r-119v
'Merchant's Endlink' Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 119r: ...Et incipit prologue Armigeri
Incipit: 119r: Ey goddis mercy / seide oure hoost tho / Now swich a wyf / I preye god kepe me fro
Explicit: 119v: And eke my wyt / suffiseth nat therto / To tellen al / wherfore my tale is do
DIMEV 745
1.24. 119v
'Squire's Headlink' Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: 119v: Squyere come ner / if it ȝoure wylle be / And seye som what of loue / for certes ȝe
Explicit: 119v: Haue me excused / if I speke amys / My wyl is good / and lo my tale is this
Final rubric: 119v: Sic desinit prologue...
DIMEV 5024
1.25. 119v-127r
Squire's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 119v: ...et Incipit favula Armigeri
Incipit: 119v: At Sarray / in the lond of Tartarye / There dwelled a kyng / that werred Russye
Explicit: 127r: For Canacee / or that he myght hire wynne . And there I lefte / I wil aȝein begynne
Final rubric: 127r: Explicit Secunda pars / Here endith the Squyeres tale / as meche as Chaucer made

DIMEV: V.69-72, 671-2 omitted.

Remainder of f. 127r and all of f. 127v left blank (with additions made later to the verso).

DIMEV 725
1.26. 129r-138v
Franklin's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: || 129r: She seide sire / sithe of ȝoure gentillesse / ȝe profre me / to haue so large a reyne
Explicit: 138v: Now telleth me / or that ȝe ferthere wende / I can namore / my tale is at an ende
Final rubric: 138v: Here endeth the Frankeleyns tale...

'Amen' in the margin of f. 138v.

DIMEV: V.709-53, 1472-564 lost; 1455-6 omitted.

DIMEV 2476
1.27. 138v-141v
Physician's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 138v: ...and bigynneth the Phisiciens tale / with outer a Prologe
Incipit: 138v: There was as telleth / Titus liuius / A knyght / that called was Virginius
Explicit: 141v: Therfore I rede ȝow / this counseil take / Forsaketh synne / er synne ȝow forsake
Final rubric: 141v: Here endeth the Phisiciens tale...
DIMEV 5599
1.28. 141v-142r
'Physician-Pardoner Link' / 'The Host's Words' Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 141v: ...abd bigynneth the prologe of the Pardonere
Incipit: 142r: Oure hoost bygan to swere / as he were wood / Harrowe quod he / by nayles and by blood
Explicit: 142r: I graunte I wys quod he / but I must thynke / Vpon som honest thyng / whil that I drynke

DIMEV: VI.297-8 omitted.

DIMEV 4314
1.29. 142r-143v
Pardoner's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 142r-142v: Radix omnium malorum est Cupiditas ; Ad Thymotheum . 6o | The Pardoners owyn Prologe
Incipit: 142v: Lordynges quod he / in chirches whan I preche / I peyne me to haue / an hauteyn speche
Explicit: 143v: Which I am wont to preche / for to wynne / Now holde ȝoure pees / my tale I wol bigynne

DIMEV: VI.333-4, 346 omitted; spurious lines follow 345.

DIMEV 3251
1.30. 143v-149v
Pardoner's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 143v: Et nunc narrat fabulam suam
Incipit: 144r: In Flaundres whilom / was a compaignye / Of ȝonge folk / that haunteden folye
Explicit: 149v: And as we diden / lat vs laughe and pleye / Anoon they kisten / and reden forth here weye

Remainder of f. 149v and all of f. 150r left blank (with additions made later to both).

DIMEV 2502
1.31. 150v-154v
Shipman's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 150v: Here bigynneth the Shipmans tale / next folwyng the Pardoner
Incipit: 150v: A Marchaunt whilom dwelled / at Seynt Denys / That riche was / for which men helde him wys
Explicit: 154v: Me semed so / as by his countenaunce / But nathelees / by god oure heuene kyng||

DIMEV: VII.394-434 lost.

DIMEV 120
1.32. 156r
Prioress's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: || 156r: Lady thyn bountee / thyn magnificence / Thy vertu / and thyn gret humylitee
Explicit: 156r: Right so fare I / and therfore I ȝow preye / Gydeth my song / that I shal of ȝow seye

DIMEV: VII.443-73 lost.

DIMEV 3970
1.33. 156r-157v
Prioress's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 156r: Here bigynneth the Prioresse hire Tale
Incipit: 156r: There was in Assye / in a gret Citee / A monges cristene folk / a Iewerie
Explicit: 157v: And seide / o dere child / I halse the / In vertu / of the holy Trynyte||

DIMEV: VII.647-690 lost.

DIMEV 5601
1.34. 159r-160r
Sir Thopas Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: || 159r: But he was chast and no lechour / And swete as is the brambel flour / That bereth the red hepe
Explicit: 160r: As dede the knyght Sire Percyuelle / So worthy vnder wede ; Til on a day

DIMEV: VII.712-44 lost. The final line (918) follows 917 in the margin, written as if one line, separated only by a punctus elevatus.

Rhyming couplets accompanied by a brace and a third line of verse.

DIMEV 3097
1.35. 160r-160v
'Thopas-Melibee Link' Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: 160r: Nomore of this / for goddes dignytee / Quod oure hoost / for thow makest me / So wery / of thyn verray lewednesse
Explicit: 160v: And þerfore herkeneth / what that I shal seye / And lat me tellen al my tale / I preye
Final rubric: 160v: Here endeth Chaucers tale of Thopas and the prologe of Melibeus...
DIMEV 3700
1.36. 160v-177r
Tale of Melibee Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: 160v: A ȝong man called Melibeus myghty and riche / bygat vpon his wyf / that called was Prudence
Explicit: 177r: þat he wole for ȝeuen vs oure giltes / and bryngen vs to the blisse / that neuere hath ende ; Amen
Final rubric: 177r: Heere is ended Chaucers tale of Melibe...
IMEP 19, p. 8.
Wells XVI:66
IPMEP 18
Benson and Robinson (1987), pp. 217-239
1.37. 177r-178v
Monk's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 177r: ...and bygynneth the Prologe of the Monks tale
Incipit: 177r: Whan ended was my tale / of Melibe / And of Prudence / and hire benygnetee
Explicit: 178v: As now it cometh / vn to my remembraunce / Haue me excused / of myn ignoraunce
Final rubric: 178v: Heere endeth þe prologe...
DIMEV 6295
1.38. 178v-187r
Monk's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 178v: ...and bigynneth þe Monkes tale þat is titled de casibus virorum Illustrium ; Chaucer
Incipit: 178v: I wole be wayle / in manere of tragedie / The harm of hem / þat stoden in hey degree
Explicit: 187r: That hight Daunt / for he can it al deuyse / Fro poynt to poynt / nat oo word wil he faille
Final rubric: 187r: Here endeth the Monkes Tale / de casibus virorum Illustrium

DIMEV: VII.2375-2462 (the 'Modern Instances') follow 2766; 2380 left blank.

DIMEV 2316
1.39. 187v
Nun's Priest's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 187v: Here bigynneth the Prologe of the Nonnes Prest
Incipit: 187v: Hoo quod the knyght / good sire nomore of this / That ȝe han seid / is right I now I wys
Explicit: 187v: Thanne spak oure hoost / with rude speche and bolde / And seide / vnto the Nonnes preest / a noon||

DIMEV: VII.2810-20 lost.

DIMEV 2033
1.40. 189r-195r
Nun's Priest's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: || 189r: What eyleth yow to grone / in this manere / Ȝe ben a verrey slepere / fy for shame
Explicit: 195r: As seith my lord / so make vs alle goode men / An brynge vs to his blisse / Amen

DIMEV: VII.2821-2889 lost; 3163-6 omitted

DIMEV 142
1.41. 195r-195v
'Nun's Priest's Epilogue' Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: 195r: Sire Nonnes Preest / oure hoost seide a noon / I blissed be thy breche / and euery ston
Explicit: 195v: And after that / he with ful merie chere / Seide vn to a nother / as ȝe shuln heere
Final rubric: 195v: Heere endeth the Tale of the Nonnes Preest...

Gap of c. 15 lines between final line and final rubric

DIMEV 4870
1.42. 195v-197r
Prologue of the Second Nun's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 195v: ...and bigynneth the Secund Nonnes Tale of Seynt Cecile / With oute a Prologe
Incipit: 195v: The ministre / and the Norice vn to vices / Which þat men clepen / in Englissh ydelnesse
Explicit: 197r: And brennyng euere / in Charite ful brighte / Now haue I ȝow declared / what she highte
DIMEV 5405
1.43. 197r-202r
Second Nun's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Incipit: 197r: This mayden bright / Cecile / as hire lif seith / Was come of Romayns / and of noble kynde
Explicit: 202r: In which / in to this day / in noble wyse / Men don to Crist / and to his seynt seruyse
Final rubric: 202r: Heere endeth the Secund Nonnes tale...

'Amen' in the margin of f. 202r.

DIMEV 5729.4
1.44. 202r-204r
Canon's Yeoman's Prologue Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 202r: ...and bigynneth the Prologe of the Chanouns Ȝeman
Incipit: 202r: Whan that told was / the lyf of Seynt Cecile / Er we had riden fully / fyue myle
Explicit: 204r: Syn þat my lord is gon / I wyl nat spare / Swich thyng as that I knowe / I wil declare
Final rubric: 204r: Heere endeth the prologe of the Chanouns Ȝeman...

DIMEV: VIII.711 omitted ('deficit versus' in margin); 564-5 precede 562-3.

DIMEV 6296
1.45. 204r-205v
Canon's Yeoman's Tale Geoffrey Chaucer
Rubric: 204r: ...and bygynneth his tale of Multiplicacion
Incipit: 204r: With this Chanoun / I dwelt haue seuene ȝere / And of his science / am I neuere the nere
Explicit: 205v: And of bodies / mollificacioun / And also / of here induracion||

DIMEV: Everything after VIII.855 lost.

DIMEV 6753

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 7r: For he was
Form: codex
Support: Paper quires, with outermost and innermost bifolia formed of parchment. For a detailed description of the paper stocks, see Da Rold, The Dd Manuscript: Materials (2013).
Extent: Codex: iv + 180 + iv leaves. 36 leaves of parchment or paper have been inserted in place of missing leaves as part of the volume's conservation. See Custodial History for further information. These inserted leaves have not been digitised, with two exceptions, where the remains of a leaf have been incorporated and mis-numbered (f. 37, as '36b'; and f. 188, as '188a'). 285 × 190 mm. The dimensions here relate to the leaves of paper. Those of parchment are of irregular size and typically smaller than the paper leaves.
Foliation:

19th-century foliation:

[i-iv] + 6-8, 12-13, 17-20, 26-36, 38-59, 62-127, 129-136, 138-154, 156-157, 159-162, 164-187, 189-205 + [v-viii]

Written in pencil in the upper right-hand corner of the recto of each leaf, initially by Henry Bradshaw , University Librarian 1867-1886. Folio numbers were assigned to leaves no longer present in the volume (as per historic foliation practice at Cambridge University Library). Bradshaw's numbering is most visible in its original form on the leaves of parchment. On the leaves of paper, most of the numbering has been erased and re-written. Three mistakes were made in the process of refoliation. A stub of a missing leaf that bears no text has been foliated as f. 36b: such stubs ought not to have been foliated at all, and in any case is the remnants of what Bradshaw would have foliated as f. 37. Similarly, what remains of f. 188 has been misnumbered as '188a'. Folio 164 has been misnumbered as '169'. In each instance, these mistakes have been corrected in the digital record and display provided here.
Foliation:

19th-century (partial) foliation

'fo. vii'-'fo. xlix' (on ff. 7-49)

Written in pencil in the centre of the fore-edge margin of the recto of each leaf, probably by Henry Bradshaw .

Collation

The manuscript comprises 9 quires, all originally of 24 leaves, but most lacking one or more leaves, as follows:

  • Quire 124-15 (ff. 6-20: 1st-5th, 9th-11th, 14th-16th and 21st-24th leaves all missing)
  • Quire 224-1 (ff. 26-48: 1st and 13th leaves missing)
  • Quire 324-2 (ff. 49-72: 12th and 13th leaves missing)
  • Quires 4-524 (ff. 73-120)
  • Quire 624-2 (ff. 121-144: 8th and 17th leaves missing)
  • Quire 724-3 (ff. 145-168: 11th, 14th and 19th leaves missing)
  • Quire 824-1 (ff. 169-192: 20th leaf missing)
  • Quire 924-12 (ff. 193-205: 13th-24th leaves missing)

124-15 (1-5, 9-11, 14-16, 21-24 missing) 224-1 (1, 13 missing) 324-2 (12-13 missing) 4-524 624-2 (8, 17 missing) 724-3 (11, 14, 19 missing) 824-1 (20 missing) 924-12 (13-24 missing)

Leaf signatures of various sorts, as follows: Quire 2, ff-m (ff. 30-36); Quire 3, 1-11 (ff. 49-59); Quire 4, A-M (ff. 73-84); Quires 5-9, the typical late medieval alphanumeric sequence, starting a i-a xii, through to d i-d xii (f. 97 onwards).

No quire signatures.

Catchwords, sometimes introduced with a red paraph mark and / or enclosed in a box, or neither.

Condition

The edges and corners of the paper leaves at the beginning of the volume (ff. 6-11, 17-27) were damaged and subject to losses, but have since been stabilised and filled. The corners of most of the leaves in the rest of the volume had also been lost through wear and have been treated likewise. See Custodial History for further information.

Layout

220 × 110-140 mm. Paper leaves ruled in harpoint, frame only. Parchment leaves ruled variously in hardpoint (Quire 1), brown ink (Quires 2-3), and ink (Quire 9). The ruling of the parchment in Quires 4-5 is unclear. Single column. 41-48 lines to the page, written below top line. The written space varies in size, being more regular on the leaves of paper (220 x 130-140 mm) than on the leaves of parchment (210-220 x 110-130 mm).

Hand(s)

All of the text, rubrics, and corrections are written by a single hand in Anglicana formata, influenced occasionally by Bastard Anglicana, which is used mainly in the rubrics. Signed 'Wytton' on ff. 39r, 47r, 67r and 92r. For a detailed profile and description of the hand, as well as discussion of various theories as to the identification of 'Wytton', see Da Rold, The Dd Manuscript: Palaeographical considerations (2013).

Decoration

Two- to six-line initials in blue, with infill and marginal flourishing in red, at the openings of prologues and tales, and occasionally at intermediate points within.

Occasional calligraphic treatment of litterae notabiliores. From 113v onwards, at intervals, letters ornamented by elongation and fancy ascenders.

Paraph marks, in red or blue, used throughout, in the text, rubrics and marginal annotations.

Additions

Beginning of a letter written by a later hand on f. 127v. Manly and Rickert (i. p. 104) suggest that it might refer to the visit of Danish ambassadors to London in August 1496.

Quire signatures a-i written in pencil in the lower right-hand corner of the recto side of the first leaf in each quire by 19th-/20th-century hands.

Annotation on f. 201r by Henry Bradshaw ('leaves 200, 201 shd be transposed') and another on f. 199v by H.L. Pink ('leaf 200 misbound after 201'). These should now be disregarded. For further details, see Custodial History.

Binding

Rebound at Cambridge University Library 2004-2007. Alum-tawed skin, dyed yellow, over pasteboards. For further details, see Custodial History.

Rebound in 1862 by Wiseman (bookbinder), Cambridge . Brown calf over pasteboards, blind tooled with geometrical designs; sewn on five bands. Title and classmark tooled in gold on the spine. This former is now kept in the drawer of the box in which the manuscript is housed.

Part of the leather from a former binding of the early 17th century (or thereabouts) was preserved and pasted onto the inside of the 19th-century covers. These show a cross with four acorns and oak leaves, tooled in gold, with the initials 'S W' blind-tooled on each side. See Provenance for further discussion.

History

Origin: First quarter of the 15th century. ; England.

Various theories have been advanced concerning the date and place of production of the manuscript, with Oxford, London, Westminster or some other as yet unknown location each being proposed. See bibliography below.

Manly and Rickert (1940)
Seymour (1997)
Mosser (2011)
Da Rold (2013)

Provenance and Acquisition

Preliminary note:

Much of the medieval and early modern provenance of MS Dd.4.24 remains uncertain. The manuscript contains numerous annotations and inscriptions, often of names - all, some or none of which may be connected with its ownership. Many of the connections between these names and specific individuals were first put forward by John Manly and Edith Rickert (1940), but the evidence is often tenuous and the connections speculative, and they remain the subject of some debate. See Seymour (1997), Mosser (2011) and Da Rold (2013) for further discussion.

Rather than reproduce what was proposed by Manly and Rickert, this description will instead list the locations and approximate dates of the names written into MS Dd.4.24, providing convenient links to these instances and the basis for future research.

8r: ' Hungerford ' (15th century). 'Hungerford' has not been identified. (A 'Margery Hungerford' signed her name in Cambridge, University Library, MS Ff.1.6, f. 14v , however the style of handwriting is different to that used here).

38r: ' Rychard Mervyn ' (16th century). Rychard/Richard Mervyn has not been identified.

146r: 'Thys ys Wyllyam Langstuns Boke' (16th century). William Langston/Langdon (16th century) has not been identified.

180r: 'Said william rokes' (16th/17th century). Another inscription on f. 120v might repeat the surname 'rokes'. William Rokes/Rookes (16th/17th century) has not been identified, though the same name may also be found in Cambridge, University Library, MS Add. 6864.

150r: 'Wyllyam pully ys my name and he' (16th/17th century). William Pully has not been identified. (A William Pulley was at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1584-91, vicar at various parishes in Kent 1596-1608 onwards. Will proven 1645. See: Venn:PLY584W.

'S W' (16th/17th century). Initials blind-tooled on the covers of an earlier, 16th/17th-century binding, preserved on the front and rear pastedowns of the 19th-century binding (which itself has been replaced and is retained with the manuscript). ' S. W. ' has not been identified. Seymour suggests that the initials could indicate the manuscript's ownership by Samuel Ward (d. 1605) of Ipswich, though on what basis is not made clear, and this connection remains speculative.

The date and circumstances of the manuscript's acquisition by Cambridge University Library remain unclear. It has not been identified among the manuscripts listed as belonging to John Moore (1646-1714), bishop of Ely in Bernard, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ (c. 1697) or the handwritten supplementary list of Moore's manuscripts (now Cambridge, University Library, MS Oo.7.50(2)) compiled by Thomas Tanner (1674-1735). However, it must have arrived by c. 1753, since it was recorded in the handwritten catalogue compiled at that time by Francis Sawyer Parris, Protobibliothecarius (now Cambridge, University Library, MS Oo.7.53-55). It is marked there as 'R', as were other books known or thought to have been among Moore's library. This collection was purchased en bloc and presented to the University Library in 1715 by George I , and known thereafter as the 'Royal Library' (hence, 'R').

If Moore did indeed own this manuscript, Manly and Rickert suggested that he may have obtained it from Samuel Hoadly/Hodley , of the grammar school at Hackney, who was noted as having in his possession a copy of 'Chaucer's Works' - though this description does not match the contents of this manuscript and the connection seems doubtful.

Additional Information

Record Sources

This catalogue entry draws on:

The Dd Manuscript, ed. by Orietta Da Rold, The Norman Blake Editions of The Canterbury Tales (University of Sheffield, 2013), [http://www.chaucermss.org/dd] [accessed 19 February 2024] (used here by kind permission of the author).

Daniel W. Mosser, 'A digital catalogue of the pre-1500 manuscripts and incunables of the Canterbury Tales', 2nd edition (2011), [https://www.mossercatalogue.net/record.php?recID=Dd]

The Digital Index of Middle English Verse , ed. by Linne R. Mooney, Daniel W. Mosser and Elizabeth Solopova (2008-)

An unpublished description of the manuscript composed between 1948 and 1970 by H.L. Pink , now held in the University Archives (UA ULIB 7/3/75).

An unpublished description of the manuscript composed between 1926 and 1930 by M.R. James , now held in the University Archives (UA ULIB 7/3/74).

Availability

Entry to read in the Library is permitted only on presentation of a valid reader's card. For information on eligibility and admissions procedures, see Joining the Library). For further enquiries, and to confirm the availability of the manuscript, please contact the Special Collections Reading Room.

Custodial History

The manuscript was disbound, conserved and rebound 2004-2007 by Kristine Rose . For details of the treatments and materials used, see The Dd Manuscript: The conservation of Dd.4.24 by Kristine Rose. Prior to this, the two leaves following f. 199 were bound in reverse order. This was corrected during rebinding and the leaves renumbered, in order that both the text and the foliation sequence run correctly.

Bibliography

    A catalogue of the manuscripts preserved in the library of the University of Cambridge, (Cambridge, 1: Dd, Cambridge University Press, 1856) The Cambridge ms. Dd. 4. 24. of Chaucer's Canterbury tales: completed by the Egerton ms. 2726 (the Haistwell ms) Chaucer Society. First series, (London, Pub. for the Chaucer Society by K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, 1902) The manuscripts of Chaucer's <hi rend="italics">Canterbury tales</hi>: a critical description of their contents, McCormick, William (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1933) The text of the Canterbury Tales studied on the basis of all known manuscripts, Manly, John M.Rickert, Edith (Chicago, 1, University of Chicago Press, 1940) The production of copies of the <hi rend="italics">Canterbury Tales</hi> and the <hi rend="italics">Confessio Amantis</hi> in the early fifteenth century. Medieval Scribes, Manuscripts and Libraries. Essays Presented to N.R. Ker, Doyle, A.I.Parkes, Malcolm B. (London, 163-210, Scolar Press, 1978) The alternative reading of <hi rend="italics">The Canterbury Tales</hi>: Chaucer's text and the early manuscripts The alternative reading of {The Canterbury Tales} PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, Owen, Charles A. (97, 2, 237-250, 1982) The layout of <hi rend="italics">Sir Thopas</hi> in the Ellesmere, Hengwrt, Cambridge Dd.4.24, and Cambridge Gg.4.27 manuscripts Chaucer Review: A Journal of Medieval Studies and Literary Criticism, Tschann, Judith Ann (20, 1, 1-13, 1985) The manuscripts of <hi rend="italics">The Canterbury Tales</hi> Chaucer studies, Owen, Charles A. (Cambridge, Brewer, 1991) Scribes and manuscript traditions Regionalism in late medieval manuscripts and texts: essays celebrating the publication of 'A linguistic atlas of late mediaeval English' York manuscripts conferences: proceedings, Samuels, M. L. (Cambridge, 1-7, D.S. Brewer, 1991) Pause and effect: an introduction to the history of punctuation in the West, Parkes, M.B. (Aldershot, Scolar Press, 1992) The variant passages in the Wife of Bath's prologue and the textual transmission of the <hi rend="italics">Canterbury Tales</hi>: the "Great Tradition" revisited The variant passages in the {Wife of Bath's} prologue and the textual transmission of the {Canterbury Tales} Women, the Book and the Worldly: Selected Proceedings of the St Hilda's Conference, 1993, II, Kennedy, Beverly (Cambridge, 85-101, D.S. Brewer, 1995) Cambridge MS. Dd.4.24: a misogynous scribal revision of the <hi rend="italics">Wife of Bath's Prologue</hi>? Chaucer Review: A Journal of Medieval Studies and Literary Criticism, Kennedy, Beverly (30, 4, 343-358, 1996) <hi rend="italics">The Wife of Bath's prologue</hi> on CD-ROM, (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996) Language and style in additions to <hi rend="italics">The Canterbury Tales</hi> Studies in Middle English Linguistics Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs, Blake, Norman F. (Berlin, 59-78, Mouton de Gruyter, 1997) A newly identified manuscript by the scribe of the New College <hi rend="italics">Canterbury Tales</hi> English Manuscript Studies: 1100-1700, Partridge, Stephen (6, 229-236, 1997) A catalogue of Chaucer manuscripts, Seymour, M.C. (Aldershot, 2: The Canterbury Tales, Scolar Press, 1997) The rewriting of the <hi rend="italics">Wife of Bath's Prologue</hi> in Cambridge Dd.4.24 Rewriting Chaucer: Culture, Authority, and the Idea of the Authentic Text, 1400-1602 -, Kennedy, Beverly (Columbus, 203-233, Ohio State University Press, 1999) Augustinian canons and Middle English literature The English Medieval Book. Studies in Memory of Jeremy Griffiths, Hanna, Ralph (London, 27-42, British Library, 2000) Minding the gaps. Interpreting the manuscript evidence of the Cook's Tale and the Squire's Tale The English Medieval Book. Studies in Memory of Jeremy Griffiths, Partridge, Stephen (London, 51-85, British Library, 2000) <hi rend="italics">The General prologue</hi> on CD-ROM, (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000) A study of Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.4.24 of Chaucer's <hi rend="italics">Canterbury Tales</hi>, Da Rold, Orietta (Leicester, 2002, unpublished PhD dissertation) The quiring system in Cambridge University Library MS Dd.4.24 of Chaucer's <hi rend="italics">Canterbury Tales</hi> The Library: The Transactions of the Bibliographical Society, Da Rold, Orietta (7th ser., 4, 2, 107-128, 2003) Ritual of scribes: spellings and the text of Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.4.24 of the <hi rend="italics">Canterbury Tales</hi> Rites of passage: rational / irrational, natural / supernatural, local / global. Atti del XX Convegno nazionale dell'Associazione italiana di anglistica, Catania-Ragusa, 4/6 ottobre 2001, Da Rold, Orietta (Soveria Mannelli (Catanzaro), 429-438, Rubbettino, 2003) The significance of scribal corrections in Cambridge, University Library MS Dd.4.24 of Chaucer's <hi rend="italics">Canterbury Tales</hi> Chaucer Review: A Journal of Medieval Studies and Literary Criticism, Da Rold, Orietta (41, 4, 393-438, 2007) Privately-Owned English Urban Manuscripts, 1300-1476 (Urban Manuscript Project) Archaeology Data Service, Riddy, Felicity (2008, 2020-01-30T10:38:29Z, https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/ump_ahrc_2008/index.cfm) Corrected mistakes in Cambridge University Library MS Gg.4.27 Design and distribution of late medieval manuscripts in England, Kato, Takako (York, 61-87, York Medieval Press in association with the Boydell Press and with the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of York, 2008) "Chaucer's scribe", Adam and the Hengwrt project Design and distribution of late medieval manuscripts in England, Mosser, Daniel W. (York, 11-40, York Medieval Press in association with the Boydell Press and with the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of York, 2008) The Trinity Gower D scribe's two <hi rend="italics">Canterbury Tales</hi> manuscripts revisited Design and distribution of late medieval manuscripts in England, Thaisen, Jacob (York, 41-60, York Medieval Press in association with the Boydell Press and with the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of York, 2008) The Linguistic Stratification in the Cambridge Dd Copy of Chaucer's <hi rend="italics">Canterbury Tales</hi> Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, Thaisen, JacobDa Rold, Orietta (110, 3, 283-297, 2009, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43344419) Manuscripts in the University Library, Cambridge (Dd-Oo) Index of Middle English Prose, Connolly, Margaret (Woodbridge, D.S. Brewer, 2009) Late Medieval English Scribes: CUL MS Dd.4.24 Late Medieval English Scribes, Mooney, LinneStubbs, Estelle (2011, 2014-03-26T13:49:19Z, http://www.medievalscribes.com/index.php?navtype=manuscripts&navlocation=Cambridge&browse=manuscripts&navlibrary=Cambridge+University+Library&id=15&nav=off) Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.4.24 Digital Catalogue of the Manuscripts of the Canterbury Tales, Mosser, Daniel W. (2011, 2021-04-23T14:12:48Z, https://www.mossercatalogue.net/record.php?recID=Dd) The Dd Manuscript The Norman Blake Editions of <hi rend="italics">The Canterbury Tales</hi>, Da Rold, Orietta (2013, 2024-02-19T18:06:21Z, https://www.chaucermss.org/dd) Scribal correction and literary craft: English manuscripts, 1375-1510 Cambridge Studies in Medieval Literature, Wakelin, Daniel (Cambridge, University Press, 2014)

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