Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.2.51

Diktyon no.: Diktyon 12148

Contents

Introduction: This manuscript, produced in the first half of the 15th century, contains a collection of different texts, primarily legal but also including basic works on theological controversies and lists of Byzantine state and ecclesiastical offices. It was copied by Stephanos, Metropolitan of Medeia in Thrace, a Byzantine clergyman who was responsible for producing a number of manuscripts both before and after his appointment to episcopal office. His dated manuscripts range from 1411/12-1442. In the late 16th century this manuscript was owned and annotated by another scholarly senior cleric, Thodosios Zygomalas, a member of the patriarchal clergy of Constantinople. The first and longest of the texts in the main body of the volume is the Hexabiblos (ff. 1r-146v, line 25), a compilation of secular laws with commentary, which was the principal work of Konstantinos Harmenopoulos, a senior Byzantine judge in the city of Thessalonike in the 14th century. The thematic organisation of this text made it more accessible than previous collections, and even after the fall of the Byzantine Empire it remained the foundation of Greek civil law in the Ottoman Empire and modern Greece until the mid-20th century. It is followed by a series of briefer texts which are very commonly found together with the Hexabiblos in its manuscript copies and appear to have been selected by Harmenopoulos himself to accompany this work (f. 146v, line 26-f. 186r, line 13). These include other works by Harmenopoulos, including selections from canon law, brief treatises on the tenets of the Orthodox faith and on various heresies, and a Greek translation of the Donation of Constantine. A selection by Harmenopoulos of three synodical resolutions from various periods of Byzantine history, imposing ecclesiastical anathema on rebels against imperial authority, is followed by a refutation of these by Philotheos Kokkinos, who served as Patriarch of Constantinople in 1353-1354 and again in 1364-1376, which had been added to this textual tradition. Harmenopoulos and Kokkinos took opposing sides in the civil wars and religious controversies of the mid-14th century. This collection also includes the legal text known as the Farmer's Law and ends with 14th-century lists of the ranks of the imperial court hierarchy, the patriarchal clergy and the Orthodox episcopate. This standard selection of texts associated with the Hexabiblos is followed by a series of other brief texts of similar content, including further 14th-century episcopal lists, excerpts from legal collections, glossaries of legal terms, a set of questions and answers on canon law by the 11th-century cleric Petros the chartophylax, and legal treatises by another Thessalonian jurist, Georgios Phobenos, active in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. There is also one longer text, the treatise on the religious errors of the Latins by another 14th-century author, Matthaios Blastares. The manuscript was rebound and repaired in the later 15th century, and around this time was owned and extensively annotated by Theodosios Zygomalas, who held the patriarchal office of protonotarios and later also of dikaiophylax, offices with administrative and judicial responsibilities for which the texts in this manuscript would have been of practical use. On the endleaves and blank spaces within the manuscript he added other brief texts, some of them harmonious with the original content, including prefatory epigrams on justice, address formulae for letters to the eastern patriarchates, and a more up-to-date list of the top ranks of the patriarchal clergy of Constantinople, reflecting the situation in 1582/3. More incidental additions are a recipe for medicine for digestive complaints and a compass rose giving the names of directions and winds in Greek and Italian. In his later years Zygomalas fell into dire financial straits, as a result of acting as a financial guarantor for another cleric, apparently at the request of the Patriarch of Constantinople Ieremias II . One of his annotations to this manuscript bears witness to his mishap (f. 167r). It is appended to an earlier annotation to a statement in canon law that a cleric who acts as a financial pledge in this way should be dismissed from office, which asserts instead that when this is done on behalf of another cleric and out of necessity rather than for profit, it is permissible and indeed praiseworthy. Zygomalas exclaims bitterly that the earlier commentator does not know what he is talking about, and that even such well-intentioned transactions can lead to the worst consequences, as shown by his own situation, which has not only brought him to penury but put him in danger of his life from ill-health, while the person on whose behalf he acted prospered and remained indifferent to his suffering, possibly an allusion to the Patriarch himself. Zygomalas was a correspondent of German scholars including Martin Crusius (1526-1607) , and provided much of the material for the latter's historical work Turcograecia. In the spring of 1600 he wrote to Crusius and other German contacts begging for money, of which he received little, and offering Crusius an old Greek manuscript in recompense. An annotation at the end of this manuscript, dated October 1600 and apparently expanding on an ownership note he had written there earlier, gives a dedication to an individual whose name is unclear, but is possibly to be identified with Ivan or Iov Boreckij, a future Metropolitan of Kiev (f. 233v). It is possible that in his desperate cicumstances Zygomalas sought to exchange this manuscript too for financial support. A peculiar detail of his annotations, however, is that some of them, including the one lamenting his troubles, have been dusted with flecks of gold leaf, an extravagant gesture suggesting that these were added before his financial difficulties became acute. Dr Christopher Wright

Language(s): Greek

Physical Description

Form: codex
Extent: Codex: i + 7 + 233 + 3 leaves. 260 × 210 mm.
Foliation: The manuscript is foliated with the numbers [a] + i-vii + 1-233 + viii-x, in pencil, in Arabic and Roman numerals, recto, upper right.
Foliation: Every tenth folio (1, 11, 21 etc) has also been numbered in pencil, in Arabic numerals, recto, lower right. The number 101 has been erroneously placed on f. 102r, and each of these numbers thereafter appears one folio too late. Other folios have occasionally been numbered in this sequence, including those treated as rear endleaves by the later full foliation (ff. 153-154, ff. 183-190, 233-ix) Some have subsequently been struck through with pencil.

Additions

A note on f. [a] recto cites a letter on this manuscript by Pericles G. Zerlentis in MS Add. 2588.

Binding

18th-century quarter-leather binding with brown paper covering over couched-laminate boards, with plain pastedowns and a brown leather spine with gold tooling. The classmark appears on labels and the name ‘Harmenopoulos’ tooled in gold on a red leather label on the spine.

274 × 218 × 48 mm.

The left outside joint is partly split and the endcaps are damaged. The spine is concave at the head.

History

Provenance and Acquisition

Owned by Theodosios Zygomalas (1544-c.1614) (RGK I 120, II 159, III 202), protonotarios and later dikaiophylax of the Patriarch of Constantinople.

Possibly presented in 1715 by George I , as part of the collection of John Moore (b. 1646, d. 1714), bishop of Ely . This is suggested by the presence inside the left board of the bookplate used for this collection. However, this bookplate was sometimes incorrectly placed in manuscripts which did not belong to this collection, and this manuscript is not recorded as part of it in Bernard, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ (1697), nor in the handwritten supplementary list of Moore’s manuscripts, now MS Oo.7.50(2), compiled by Thomas Tanner .

Part 1 [Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.2.51, ff. i-vii]

Contents

Language(s): Greek

1. f. i recto
Epigrams regarding justice

Ed. Perentidis, Manuscrit, pp. 212-213

1.1. f. i recto, lines 1-2
Andreas Libadenos, Carmina varia

Poem 4

Incipit: f. i recto Τὸ τῆς δίκης πῦρ ἐννοῶν
Explicit: f. i recto κλέπτοντας, ἐνδίκως φλέγον

TLG 4379.005

1.2. f. i recto, lines 3-5
Epigram
Incipit: f. i recto Φρικτὸν τὸ κρίνειν, καὶ δίκας διαλύειν
Explicit: f. i recto τοῖς κριτοῖς ἀνταμείψει
1.3. f. i recto, lines 6-8
Epigram
Incipit: f. i recto Ἂν ὁ κριτὴς οἶδας με
Explicit: f. i recto εὕροις με φιλάνθρωπον κριτὴν ἐν κρίσει
1.4. f. i recto, lines 9-10
Epigram
Incipit: f. i recto Χρὴ τὸν ὀρθῶς κρίνειν μέλλοντα
Explicit: f. i recto ταμιεύειν εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῖς μὴ παροῦσιν

f. i verso is blank

2. f. ii recto
Compass rose

The names of the primary, secondary and some tertiary compass directions are given, along with the names of the four winds, in Greek and in some cases in Italian in Greek script

ff. ii verso-vi verso and f. vii verso are blank, while f. vii recto is blank apart from a later note

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: ff. i-vii Western paper, folded in folio. Watermark: Anchor ( 76 × 42 mm. ) in the centre of the folio, similar to Mošin 1582-1583. These examples are dated to 1570-1580.

Condition

There is some pest damage, and there are small tears to the edges of some folios. There is significant staining to the upper outer corner, bearing marks of the turn-ins from a previous binding, and some discoloration elsewhere.

Hand(s)

ff. i recto, ii recto were written by Theodosios Zygomalas (Hand A) in a mixed minuscule script, slanting to the right, in black ink, with modest variation in letter size.

Syllabic abbreviations superscript word endings appear throughout the line. Breathings are round and mute iota is subscript. Use of the double dot is functional only, and there is accentuation of all nomina sacra . Accents are sometimes joined to letters, breathings, abbreviations and nomina sacra strokes.

The modern eta, modern nu, sigma telikon and loop epsilon are present.

Punctuation used includes the middle and upper points, lower and middle commas and full stop.

Additions

There are notes in Latin regarding content and Konstantinos Harmenopoulos on f. vii recto.

History

Origin: These endleaves were added in a late 16th-century rebinding, as indicated by their watermarks, and these texts were added by Theodosios Zygomalas during this period, up to 1600.

Part 2 [Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.2.51, ff. 1-233]

Contents

Language(s): Greek

3. ff. 1r-146v, line 25
Konstantinos Harmenopoulos, Ἑξάβιβλος Hexabiblos
Rubric: f. 1r Κριτοῦ προκατάστασις, ἢ περὶ δικαιοσύνης· γέγονε δὲ καὶ αὕτη, παρὰ τοῦτο βιβλίον συντεθεικότος
Incipit: f. 1r Ὁ κρίνειν λαχὼν, καὶ κριτὴς εἶναι καὶ ὀνομάζεσθαι
Explicit: f. 146v δηλονότι τῶν ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων νόμων κεκωλυμένων
Final rubric: f. 146v Τέλος σὺν Θεῶ πάσης τῆς Ἑξαβίβλου

TLG 9030.001

4. f. 146v, lines 26-28
Note on the ransom of captives.
Incipit: f. 146v Ἰστέον δὲ ὅτι ἀδὶ ἀνρρύσει αἰχμαλώτων
Explicit: f. 146v ὥστε ἐντεῦθεν τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους ἀγοράσαι
5. f. 147r-147v, line 4
Konstantinos Harmenopoulos, Donation of Constantine (Greek translation)
Rubric: f. 147r Θέσπισμα τοῦ μεγάλου Κωνσταντίνου περὶ τοῦ Πάπα Ῥώμης
Incipit: f. 147r Θεσπίζομεν σὺν πᾶσι τοῖς σατράπαις
Explicit: f. 147v καὶ τοὺς αὐτοῦ διαδόχους

Published in Heimbach's edition of the Hexabiblos as Appendix 2.1

TLG 9030.001

6. f. 147v, lines 5-25
Konstantinos Harmenopoulos, Three synodical tomes condemning treason
Incipit: f. 147v Ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλείας Κωνσταντίνου τοῦ Πορφυρογεννήτου
Explicit: f. 147v τὸν τῆς εὐσεβείας στύλον, τὸν Βασιλέα θεῖον Ἀνδρόνικον

Published in Heimbach's edition of the Hexabiblos as Appendix 2.2

TLG 9030.001

PG 150, coll. 41-44

7. ff. 148r-148v
Philotheos Kokkinos, Refutatio scriptorum apud Harmenopulum anathematismorum Refutation of the synodical tomes cited by Harmenopoulos
Rubric: f. 148r Τοῦ ἁγιοτάτου καὶ σοφωτάτου Πατριάρχου κυροῦ Φιλοθέου, ἀνατροπὴ τῶν ἀν⟨αγε⟩γραμμένων ἀναθεματισμῶν
Incipit: f. 148r Ὁ περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα σοφὸς
Explicit: f. 148v καθὰ δὴ καὶ φθάσαντες εἴπομεν

Published in Heimbach's edition of the Hexabiblos as Appendix 2.3

TLG 9030.001

PG 154, coll. 821-826

8. ff. 149r-153r
The Farmer's Law Νόμος γεωργικός
Rubric: f. 149r Νόμοι γεωργικοὶ κατ'ἐκλογὴν βιβλίου, τοῦ τῆς θειας λέξεως Ἰουστινανοῦ
Incipit: f. 149r Χρὴ τὸν γεωργὸν, ἐργαζομένον τὸν ἴδιον ἀγρὸν
Explicit: f. 153r ἵνα διέρχεται τὸ ὕδωρ δι'αὐτῶν, τοῦτο ἄδειαν ἐχέτωσαν

Published in Heimbach's edition of the Hexabiblos as Appendix 3

TLG 9030.001

f. 153v is blank

9. ff. 154r-180v
Konstantinos Harmenopoulos, Summary of the canons Ἐπιτομὴ κανόνων
Rubric: f. 154r Ἐπιτομὴ τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ θείων κανόνων· γέγονε δὲ καὶ αὕτη, παρὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ πανσεβάστου σεβαστοῦ· νομοφύλακος, καὶ κριτοῦ Θεσσαλονίκης κυρίου Κωνσταντίνου τοῦ Ἀρμενοπούλου
Incipit: f. 154r Τῶν κανόνων, οἱ μὲν, εἰσὶ τῶν ἁγίων ἀποστόλων
Explicit: f. 180v εἰ μήπου καὶ πρὸ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας εἶεν κατεγνωσμέναι
Final rubric: f. 180v Τέλος τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ θείων κανόνων

PG 150, coll. 45-168

10. ff. 181r-181v
Konstantinos Harmenopoulos, De fide orthodoxa
Rubric: f. 181r Τοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἁρμενοπούλου, περὶ πίστεως ὀρθοδόξου
Incipit: f. 181r Πιστεύειν δεῖ τὸν ὄντως Χριστιανὸν
Explicit: f. 181v καὶ τὴν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν κόλασιν ἀτελεύτητον

PG 150, coll. 29-32

11. ff. 181v-184v
Konstantinos Harmenopoulos, De haeresibus
Rubric: f. 181v Τοῦ αὐτοῦ, περὶ ὧν οἱ κατὰ καιροὺς αἱρετικοὶ ἐδόξασαν
Incipit: f. 181v Οἱ περὶ Ἄρειον, κτίσμα τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ λέγοντες
Explicit: f. 184v κατὰ τὴν τῶν σχημάτων τούτων διαφορὰν

PG 150, coll. 19-30

12. ff. 185r-185v, line 5
List of precedence of court titles

Ed. Jean Verpeaux, Pseudo-Kodinos: Traité des Offices (Paris 1966), pp. 300-302. This manuscript is omitted from Verpeaux's list of those containing this anonymous text

Rubric: f. 185r Τὰ ὀφφίκια τοῦ παλατίου
Incipit: f. 185r αʹ· Ὁ δεσπότης· βʹ· ὁ σεβαστοκράτωρ
Explicit: f. 185v οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀκολούθου, μέχρι τέλους
13. f. 185v, lines 6-17
List of the dignitaries of the Great Church
Rubric: f. 185v Τὰ τῆς μεγάλης ἐκκλησίας ὀφφίκια
Incipit: f. 185v αʹ Ὁ μέγας οἰκονόμος· βʹ ὁ μέγας σακελλάριος
Explicit: f. 185v λαʹ καὶ ὁ πριμμικήριος τῶν πατριαρχικῶν νοταρίων

Ed. Jean Darrouzès, Recherche sur les ὀφφίκια de l'Eglise byzantine (Paris 1970), Liste L, pp. 242-59, 563-565. This manuscript is omitted from Darrouzès's list of those containing this text

14. f. 185v, line 17-f. 186r, line 13
Notitiae episcopatuum

Notitia 16 (ed. Darrouzès)

Rubric: f. 185v Ἡ γενουῆα διατύπωσις παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως Λέοντος τοῦ σοφοῦ· ὅπως ἔχουσι τάξεως οἱ θρόνοι τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν τῶν ὑποκειμένων τῶ Πατριάρχη Κωνσταντινουπόλεως
Incipit: f. 185v αʹ Ἡ Καισάρεια· βʹ ἡ Ἔφεσος
Explicit: f. 186r ληʹ τὰ Φάρσαλα· λθʹ τὰ Μάτραχα

TLG 3715.001

15. f. 186r, lines 14-16
List of patriarchates
Rubric: f. 186r Τάξις προκαθεδρίας τῶν ὁσιωτάτων πατριαρχῶν
Incipit: f. 186r αʹ Ὁ Ῥώμης· βʹ Ὁ Κωνσταντινουπόλεως
Explicit: f. 186r εʹ Ὁ Αἰλίας, ἤτοι Ἱεροσολύμων
16. f. 186r, line 17-f. 187r, line 23
Notitiae episcopatuum

Notitia 17 (ed. Darrouzès)

Filiation: Darrouzès assigns this to the second recension of this text.
Rubric: f. 186r Ἡ γενομένη ἔκθεσις τῶν ὑποκειμένων τῆ βασιλίδι Κωνσταντινουπόλει μητροπόλεων, ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ ἀειδίμου βασιλέως κυροῦ Ἀνδρονίκου τοῦ δευτέρου τῶν Παλαιολόγων
Incipit: f. 186r αʹ Ἡ Καισάρεια· βʹ ἡ Ἔφεσος
Explicit: f. 187r ριαʹ ἡ Ἀντιόχεια· ριβʹ ἡ Ἀχυράους

TLG 3715.001

17. f. 187r, line 24-f. 190r
Notitiae episcopatuum

Notitia 10 (ed. Darrouzès)

Filiation: Darrouzès assigns this to Recension c of this text.
Rubric: f. 187r Τάξις προκαθεδρίας τῶν ὑπὸ τὸν ἀποστολικὸν θρόνον Κωνσταντινουπόλεως τελούντων μητροπολιτῶν, καὶ τῶν ὑπ'αὐτοὺς ἐπισκόπων
Incipit: f. 187r αʹ Τῶ Καισαρείας Καππαδοκίας: αʹ· ὁ Νύσσης
Explicit: f. 190r ιηʹ καὶ ἡ Χόλμη ιθʹ τὸ Σμολένσκον

TLG 3715.001

18. ff. 190v-191v, line 7
Petros Chartophylax, Ἐρωταποκρόσεις Questions and answers
Rubric: f. 190v ⟨Ἐρ⟩ωτήματα, ἅπερ ἔλυσεν κιωτάτος χαρτοφύλαξ κὺρ Πέτρος· καὶ διάκονος τῆς Μεγάλης Ἐκκλησίας· ἐν ἔτει ϛχʹ
Incipit: f. 190v Ἐρώτημα: Εἰς πόσον καιρὸν ὀφείλει βαπτίζεσθαι τὸ παιδίον
Explicit: f. 191v ὁ Θεὸς ἵλασθητί μοι τῶ ἁμαρτώλω

PG 119, coll. 1093-1097

19. f. 191v, lines 8-22
Ἐπαναγώγη Epanagoge

Excerpt (3.1-4)

Rubric: f. 191v Περὶ πατριάρχου
Incipit: f. 191v Πατριάρχης ἐστὶν, εἰκῶν ζῶσα Θεοῦ καὶ ἔμψυχος
Explicit: f. 191v λαλεῖν ἐνώπιον βασιλέων καὶ μὴ αἰσχύνεσθαι
Final rubric: f. 191v Τῶ συντελευτῆ τῶν καλῶν Θεῶ χάρις

TLG 3133.001

PG 119, coll. 909-910

20. f. 191v, lines 23-29
Address formulae for the patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem
Incipit: f. 191v Τῶ ἁγιωτάτω Πάπα καὶ Πατριαρχὴ Ἀλεξανδρείας
Explicit: f. 191v ἐν Κυρίω μακαριωτάτω δέσποτα

Ed. Perentidis, Manuscrit, p. 214

21. f. 192r, lines 1-19
Georgios Phobenos , Περὶ κάσσου
Rubric: f. 192r Τοῦ δικαιοφύλακος Θεσσαλονίκης κυροῦ Γεωργίου τοῦ Φωβηνοῦ
Incipit: f. 192r Ἡ τοῦ κάσσου σημασία Ῥωμαϊστὶ, ἀποτυχίας δηλοῖ
Explicit: f. 192r νῦν οὐ κρατεῖ, οὔτε μὴν ἀπαιτεῖται
22. f. 192r, lines 19-29
Georgios Phobenos, Περὶ ὑποβόλου
Rubric: f. 192r Τοῦ αὐτοῦ, περὶ ὑποβόλου
Incipit: f. 192r Τὸ ὑπόβολον, ὃ καὶ προγαμιαῖα καλεῖται δωρεᾶ
Explicit: f. 192r τῆ δὲ θηλεία, μετὰ τὸν ιβʹ ἐνιαυτὸν

Part ed. Charles du Fregne Du Cange, Glossarium ad scriptores medii et infimae graecitatis (Lyon 1688), under ὑπόβολον; Jean Mortreuil, Histoire du droit byzantine, 3 vols. (Paris 1843-1846), vol. 2, pp. 462-5, 506-7

23. f. 192v
Theodosios Zygomalas, List of the dignitaries of the Great Church as of 1582/3 (AM 7091)
Rubric: f. 192v Ὡς ἔχουσι νῦν τὰ ὀφφίκια κατὰ τὸ͵ζϙαʹ
Incipit: f. 192v Ὁ μέγας οἰκονόμος· ὁ μέγας λογοθέτης
Explicit: f. 192v ὁ λαοσυνάπτης, χαρτουλάριος καὶ ὁ πριμικύριος[sic] τῶν ταβουλλαρίων

Ed. Perentidis, Manuscrit, p. 228

24. ff. 193r-196v
Prochiron auctum

Excerpt (8.1-92, 8.98-102)

Rubric: f. 193r Περὶ κεκωλυμένων γάκων· καὶ περὶ συγγενείας καὶ βαθμῶν
Incipit: f. 193r Ἡ συγγένεια, ὄνομά ἐστι γενικὸν
Explicit: f. 196v ϛʹ γάρ ἐστι βαθμοῦ ὁ Παῦλος καὶ ἡ Βαρβάρα

TLG 3052.002

25. ff. 197r-199r
Lexicon of legal terms
Rubric: f. 197r Λεξικὸν κατὰ στοιχεῖον· ἐφερμηνεῦον τὰς Ῥωμαϊκὰς λέξεις τὰς ἐν τῶ νόμω κειμένας
Incipit: f. 197r Ἄδετ· ἔχει: ἀδπραιτίουμ πάρτικιπάνδουμ
Explicit: f. 199r ἐχόντων περὶ ὅρων πρὸς ἀλλήλους φιλονεικίαν
26. ff. 199v-201r, line 16
Lexicon of legal terms
Rubric: f. 199v Λέξεις κατ'ἐκλογὴν τῶν νομικῶν βιβλίων
Incipit: f. 199v Ἀγωγὴ, παρὰ τὸ ἄγειν τοὺς ἀγομένους
Explicit: f. 201r ὡς σούπεκτον· ὡς ὕποπτον
27. f. 201r, lines 17-20
Sayings of the Seven Sages
Rubric: f. 201r Τῶν ἅπτα σοφῶν τὰ ἀποφθέγματα
Incipit: f. 201r Περίανδρος ὁ Κυψέλλου· Θυμοῦ κράτει
Explicit: f. 201r Θάλης ὁ Μιλήσιος· Ἐγγύη πάρα δ'ἄτα
28. f. 201r, line 21-f. 201v, line 40
Ἔκλογα Βασιλικῶν Ecloga Basilicorum,

32 excerpts (from 7.8.24, 7.13.5 pr., 7.13.5.2, 2.3.100, 9.3.2, 9.3.20, 9.8.23, 10.1.7 pr., 10.2.1, 10.4.9.2, 10.4.9.6-10.4.11 pr., 10.4.12, 10.33.3, 10.35.26.1, 10.35.26.7, 10.37.1-3 pr., 2.3.173.3, 2.3.125, 2.3.128 pr., 2.3.98, 10.36.3, 2.3.173 pr., 2.3.100, 7.16.1, Eis.11.4 (ed. Burgmann))

Filiation: This manuscript was used in the preparation of the Burgmann edition of this text.
Incipit: f. 201r Ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡ προκατάρξις, ἀμείβει τὰ φύσεις τῶν ἀγωγῶν
Explicit: f. 201v καὶ εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔχουσαν ἔγκλησιν

TLG 5065.003

29. f. 201r, lines 40-44
Note concerning financial engagements by women
Incipit: f. 201v Ἰστέον ὅτι· ἐὰν ἰντερκεδεύση γυνὴ
Explicit: f. 201v μὴ βοηθουμένη ἐκ τῆς εἰρημένης παραγραφῆς
29. f. 201v, lines 45-54
Metrological text

Excerpt (ed. Franz Dölger, Beitrage zur Geschichte der byzantinischen Finanzverwaltung besonders des 10. und 11. Jahrhunderts (Berlin 1927) (Byzantinisches Archiv 9), pp. 113-114)

Incipit: f. 201v Ὅτι ὁ δάκτυλος πρῶτος εστὶν, ὡς καὶ ἡμινὰς
Explicit: f. 201v ποτὲ μὲν μʹ στάδιος· ποτὲ τὸ ξʹ στάδιος
30. ff. 202r-233v
Matthaios Blastares, On the Errors of the Latins
Rubric: f. 202r Ἔλεγχος ὧδε τῆς πλάνης τῶν Λατίνων, θύτου παρ'οἰκτροῦ Ματθαίου μονοτρόπου
Incipit: f. 202r Ἄρτι μὲν ἡ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐκκλησία
Explicit: f. 233v τὸν τοῦ ὁμοφυοῦς ὅμως οἶκτον οὐκ ἀποτίθεται

Ed. Konstantinos Palaiologos, An annotated edition of the Refutation of the Errors of the Latins by Matthaios Blastares, PhD thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London 2011

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: ff. 1-119, 121-124, 126-191, 202-207 Western paper, folded in folio. Watermark: Mountains ( 30 × 35 mm. ) in the centre of the folio, similar to Briquet 11652, 11656, 11662. These examples are dated to 1423-1472. ff. 120, 125 Western paper, folded in folio. Watermark: Bow ( 70 × 45 mm. ) in the centre of the folio, similar to Briquet 793. This example is dated to 1424-1427. ff. 192-201, 208-233 Western paper, folded in folio. Watermark: Scissors ( 70 × 33 mm. ) in the centre of the folio, similar to Briquet 3656-3658, 3663. These examples are dated to 1397-1450.

Collation

The manuscript consists of 30 quires, of which one is a ternion, and the rest are quaternia.

  • Quire 18-2 ff. 1-6 The last two folios have been cancelled, without loss of text.
  • Quires 2-238 ff. 7-182
  • Quire 248+1 ff. 183-191
  • Quire 258 ff. 192-199
  • Quire 262 ff. 200-201
  • Quire 276 ff. 202-207
  • Quire 2810 ff. 208-217
  • Quire 296 ff. 218-223
  • Quire 3010 ff. 224-233

There are occasional quire signatures in Arabic numerals at the beginning of each quire, in black ink, recto, lower left, apparently in the hand of Theodosios Zygomalas. These do not correspond to the present physical arrangement of the manuscript. Some have been wholly or partially lost to cropping They survive on ff. 7r (7), 78r (12), 86r (13), 104r (15), 111r (16), 127r (18), 135r (19), 167r (23), 176r (24), 182r (25), 208r (29). Catchwords in black ink, in the hand of Theodosios Zygomalas, appear on various folios, verso, lower right. The position of these does not always correspond to the current physical organisation of the manuscript, or to the position of the signatures listed above. Some have been wholly or partially lost to cropping. They survive on ff. 6v, 11v, 13v, 14v, 22v, 30v, 38v, 54v, 62v, 71v, 77v, 79v, 87v, 93v, 94v, 95v, 103v, 110v, 118v, 126v, 134v, 141v, 142v, 143v, 149v, 151v, 158v.

Condition

Many folios have been attached to paper stubs. ff. 200-201 are loose. The lower third of f. 192 has been lost, with some loss of text, and replaced with what appears to be the same paper as was used for the endleaves. There is an area of wear to the lower outer corner, which has been repaired in some folios with paper patches, and numerous tears to the edge of folios elsewhere. Some of the patches have suffered insect damage. Other damage to the edges of some folios (ff. 78-79 and 167, 103) has been repaired with paper patches, which are causing further damage to ff. 78-79. Some of these patches have been written over by Theodosios Zygomalas, as has the replacement portion of f. 192, indicating that these repairs were done before his annotation of the manuscript. There are linear tears to ff. 70, 102, 175 and 206, and a hole torn through f. 134. A single worm-hole extends through the early part of the manuscript (ff. 1-63), and there is more extensive insect damage in the gutter in the latter part (ff. 135-217). There is extensive water staining and some ink-blots and areas of dirt, as well as red paint marks on the first few folios.

Layout

ff. 1r-191v, 202r-233v A single column of 31 lines. 219 × 137 mm.

ff. 192r-196v A single column of 43 lines. 212 × 147 mm.

ff. 197r-201v A single column of 43-54 lines. 210-229 × 147 mm.

Hand(s)

ff. 1r-191v, line 22, f. 192r, 193r-233v were copied by Stephanos, Metropolitan of Medeia (Hand B) in a mixed minuscule script with variable slant, in brown, with moderate variation in letter size. There are deletions by strikethrough.

Syllabic abbreviations and superscript word endings appear throughout the line. Breathings are round and mute iota is absent. There is decorative use of the double dot, sometimes replaced by a single dot, and accentuation of all nomina sacra . Accents are sometimes joined to letters, breathings and abbreviations. Marginal quotation marks are used.

The modern eta, modern nu, sigma telikon and loop epsilon are present.

Punctuation used includes the lower, middle and upper points, lower and middle commas and full stop.

The same hand has added headings in the same style, in red ink.

Decoration

Occasional sections are preceded by slender rectangular headpieces in red ink or red ink with pale brown infill (ff. 1r, 105r).

Occasional sections are preceded by vignettes in red or red and brown ink (ff. 33r, 59v, 82r, 147r, 149r, 154r, 156r, 202r).

Some sections begin with small, slightly ornamented minor initials in red ink (e.g. ff. 2v, f. 33r). Other sections and subsections begin with normal letters in red ink.

The transitions between many sections are accompanied by simple line-fillers in red or red and brown ink (e.g. ff. 2v, 6v, 131v).

Many sections are preceded by a small quatrefoil plait in red ink, or brown ink with red infill (e.g. f. 3r, 107v, 109v).

Additions

The copyist Stephanos of Medeia has added marginal notes at the beginning of chapters and other subsections in brown and red ink, giving chapter numbers or indications of content, and numerous marginal ἥλιος marks or etas to indicate the beginning of smaller subdivisions of some texts. He has also added many marginal scholia in brown ink.

The manuscript has been extensively annotated in the margins by Theodosios Zygomalas, in black ink. These notes include sequence numbers and indications of content for the adjacent text (e.g. ff. 4v-5v), some section numbers not marked by the copyist (e.g. ff. 38v-39r) asterisks, crude manicules and ὅρα or ση(μείωσαι) marks to highlight particular points. There are also scholia, some of them published by Perentidis, Manuscrit, pp. 218-219. A few of his notes appear to have been dusted with small flecks of gold leaf (e.g. ff. 159r-159v, 162r).

On f. 167r Zygomalas has annotated an existing scholion added by Stephanos of Medeia to a subsection referring to the disciplining of members of the clergy who serve as pledge for a financial transaction. Whereas the original text declares that those who do so are to be dismissed, the note added by Stephanos states that this only applies if the arrangement was made for the sake of gain, but that to do so out of necessity and on behalf of another cleric is praiseworthy. Zygomalas cites his own experience of the harsh consequences of violation of this canon at the Patriarch's request: ‘Οὐκ οἶδας τί λέγεις· ἡ ἐγγύη κάκιστον, κἂν καὶ διὰ τὸν κάλλιστον γένηται· ἐγγύην φεῦγε· παρὰ γὰρ ἄττα· ἐγὼ γὰρ ὁ πρωτονοτάριος Θεοδόσιος ὁ Ζυγομαλᾶς, ἐγγύην δούς ἀξιώσει τοῦ Πατριάρχου τοῦ ἁγιωτάτου κυροῦ Ἱερεμίου, οὐ μόνον ἐζημιώθην πολλὰ, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς τὴν ζωήν μου ἐκινδύνευσα, ἀσθενήσας ὑπὸ λύπης πολύ, καὶ ὅλως οὔτε κἂν διὰ λόγου παρηγορήθην αὐτῶ· ἀλλ'ἐκεῖνος μὲν μετὰ τῶν περὶ αὐτῶν γλυκίσματα μετὰ ἀπαλαραίας εἰπεῖν ἦν ἔχων, καὶ εὐφραινόμενος, ἐγὼ δὲ τὰ χολώκοκκα, μετὰ πολλῆς πεικρίας.’. He refers to himself here as protonotarios, suggesting that this annotation was made before his appointment as dikaiophylax.

On the replacement portion of f. 192v he has added a cross-reference linking his list of patriarchal officials on this folio to the earlier list on f. 185r: ‘Μετὰ ζʹ φύλλα τὰ πάλαι ὀφφίκια καταγεγραμμένα’. He has also placed a note of ownership on this folio: ‘Θεοδοσίου πρωτονοταρίου τὸ βίβλιον καὶ τῶν φίλων’.

Zygomalas's annotations include a note on f. 233v, dated 1 October 1600 (AM 7109) in Constantinople, giving his name and office as dikaiophylax of the patriarchate, giving a dedication to an individual called Ἰωάννης: ‘Θεοδόσιος δικαιοφύλαξ τοῦ πατριαρχείου Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, ὁ Ζυγομαλᾶς, μνήμης ἕνεκα τῶ κυρίω σπουδαιωτάτῳ Ἰωάννῳ Βωρρεκί:- Ἔγραψα ἐν τῇ μεγάλῃ πόλει Κωνσταντίνου ταῦτα ͵αχʹ μηνὶ Ὀκτωβρίῳ αʹ· ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς συστάσεως τοῦ παντός, κατὰ τὴν ἀληθῆ γνώμην ἡμῶν, 7109 ἔτος’. The surname of the dedicatee is unclear; it has been tentatively rendered as Βωρρὲ (Patrinelis) or Βωρρετή (Perentidis). He may be identifiable with Ivan (Iov) Borecki , later Metropolitan of Kiev (1620-1631), but this is very uncertain (Perentidis, Manuscrit, p. 216 n. 43, pp. 220-221). The first four words of this note (‘Θεοδόσιος δικαιοφύλαξ τοῦ πατριαρχείου’) are written in a different ink and were probably added earlier than the rest. This may be originally an ownership note, later expanded with the date and dedication, perhaps when Zygomalas gave the manuscript as a gift.

Another Greek hand has added scholia, in black ink, to ff. 21v, 80v and 166r. A different hand has added a note to f. 233v giving the name ‘Γεώργιος ἀδελφός’.

There is a brief note in Ottoman Turkish on the replacement portion of f. 192v.

History

Origin: The main body of the manuscript was copied by Stephanos, Metropolitan of Medeia (RGK I 366, II 503, III 584; PLP 26779), identified by his hand. This would place its production in the the first half of the 15th century, his period of activity as a copyist (his dated manuscripts range from 1411 to 1442), which is consistent with the range of watermarks present.

Part 3 [Cambridge, University Library, MS Dd.2.51, ff. viii-ix]

Contents

Language(s): Greek

31. f. viii verso
Theophilos Zygomalas, Medical recipe
Incipit: f. viii verso Εἰς κίνησιν ἐλαφρὰν, ὅτε καύσων ἐνοχλῆ
Explicit: f. viii verso μενόφαρο ζουλαπ καὶ φάρος ὑδαρὸν

ff. viii recto, ix recto and x recto-x verso are blank

32. f. ix verso
Opening formula for letters petitioning help
Rubric: f. ix verso Τοῖς περιφανεστάτοις καὶ ὑψηλοτάτοις ἡγεμόσι καὶ ἄρχουσι, σοφωτάτοις καὶ λογιωτάτοις ἀρχιδιδασκάλοις καὶ διδασκάλοις, σπουδαίοις τὲ καὶ ἐπιστήμοσιν, Ἑλληνικῶν καὶ Λατινικῶν γραμμάτων, πᾶσι τοῖς ἐν Γερμανία καὶ ἁπανταχοῦ, προκόπτειν τῶ εὐαγγελίῳ Χριστῶ
Incipit: f. ix verso Κοινὴν οἶδε τὴν ζημίαν ὁ ἐξ ἀρχῆς
Explicit: f. ix verso ἀλλ'αἰχμαλωτίσθη ὑπὸ τῶν δείνα καὶ τὰ λοιπά

Ed. Perentidis, Manuscrit, p. 217

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: ff. viii-ix Western paper, folded in folio. Watermark: Anchor ( 76 × 42 mm. ) in the centre of the folio, similar to Mošin 1582-1583. These examples are dated to 1570-1580.

Condition

There is a significant amount of pest damage, some water staining and areas of dirt.

Hand(s)

This part was written by Theophilos Zygomalas.

History

Origin: These endleaves were added and written on together with those at the front of the manuscript.

Additional Information

Record Sources

Description draws on unpublished notes by Patricia E. Easterling.

Availability

Entry to read in the Library is permitted only on presentation of a valid reader's card. For information on eligibility and admissions procedures, see Joining the Library). For further enquiries, and to confirm the availability of the manuscript, please contact the Special Collections Reading Room.

Bibliography

    A catalogue of the manuscripts preserved in the library of the University of Cambridge Catalogue of manuscripts (Dd), (Cambridge, 1: Dd, Cambridge University Press, 1856) Neos Hellēnomnēmōn Neos Hellēnomnēmōn, Lampros, Spyridōn Paulou (3, 1906) Jus graecoromanum, (Athēnai, Ekdotikos oikos Geōrgiou Phexē & huiou, 1931) Έλληνες κωδικογράφοι των χρόνων της Aναγέννησης Επετηρίς Μεσαιωνικού Αρχείου, Patrinelis, Christos (8-9, 63-124, 1958) Scribes grecs de la Renaissance Scriptorium. Revue internationale des études relatives aux manuscrits, Meyier, K. A. de (18.2, 258-266, 1964) Notitiae episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae, Darrouzès, Jean (Paris, Institut français d'études byzantines, 1981) Repertorium der griechischen Kopisten, 800-1600. I. Grossbritannien Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Byzantinistik, Gamillscheg, ErnstHarlfinger, Dieter (Wien, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1981) Un manuscrit de l'Hexabible d'Harménopoulos en la possession de Théodose Zygomalas, Perentidis, Stavros (Athens, Editions Ant. N. Sakkoulas, 1984) Ecloga Basilicorum, Burgmann, Ludwig (Frankfurt am Main, Löwenklau-Gesellschaft, 1988) Théodose Zygomalas et sa Paraphrase de la Synopsis minor Forschungen zur byzantinischen Rechtsgeschichte. Athener Reihe, Perentidis, Stavros (Athènes, 5, A.N. Sakkoulas, 1994) Repertorium der Handschriften des byzantinischen Rechts, Burgmann, LudwigSchminck, AndreasGetov, Dorotei (Frankfurt am Main, 1, Löwenklau-Gesellschaft, 1995) Studi su copisti greci del tardo Cinquecento: II. Ioannes Malaxos e Theodosios Zygomalas Römische Historische Mitteilungen, De Gregorio, Giuseppe (38, 189-268, 1996) I colleghi di Giorgio Baiophoros: Stefano di Medea, Giorgio Crisococca, Leon Atrapes Actes du VIe Colloque International de Paléographie Grecque (Drama, 21-27 septembre 2003), Palau, Annaclara Cataldi (Athens, 1, pp. 191-224, 1041-1048, Hellēnikē Hetaireia Vivliodesias, 2008) Mazaris, Giorgio Baiophoros e il monastero di Prodromo Petra Νέα Ῥώμη. Rivista di Studi Bizantinistici, Palau, Annaclara Cataldi (7, 367-397, 2010)

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