Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, Trinity College, MS O.8.11

Diktyon no.: Diktyon 12019

Contents

Introduction: The manuscript contains the first prologue of the Oneirocriticon of Achmet and John Aktouarios' De urinis. The first work is a text on dream interpretation. Only the beginning of this work is preserved in this manuscript. The whole text is a long tract on dreams, probably written in the 9th century by Achmet ben Sirim (᾽Αχμὲτ ὁ υἱὸς Σηρείμ, "Achmet son of Sirim"), the pseudonym of a Christian Greek (on the work see Mavroudi 2002). After this text, the manuscript preserves a medical text, John Aktouarios' De urinis ("Urines"). Aktouarios (or John Zacharias, ca. 1275-after 1328) was chief physician at the court of Andronikos II Palaiologos. His work on urines is considered a masterpiece of Byzantine diagnostics (see Scarborough, J., Talbot, A. (1991), 'John Aktouarios', in: The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press. Retrieved 8 Jun. 2021, from https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195046526.001.0001/acref-9780195046526-e-2613). The manuscript, which is datable in the 15th century, was copied by two scribes. The first can be probably identified as Isidore (ca. 1385-1463), metropolitan of Kyiv and all Russia (from 1436), and later Latin patriarch of Constantinople (from 1459). Isidore was a writer and a keen book collector. In the manuscript he copied the first text, the defective beginning of the book of dream interpretation. The cardinal's interest in the interpretation of dreams is attested by the fact that he also copied the beginning of a work on the subject in MS Vatican city, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Barb. gr 127 , ff. 323-333 (see G. Mercati, Scritti d'Isidoro il cardinale ruteno e codici a lui appartenuti che si conservano nella Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Roma 1926, pp. 92-93, and RGK III, 258). The second text, by John Aktouarios, was copied by another, contemporary, hand. Isidore and hand B copied the texts on the same paper with a watermark in the shape of a tower. This suggests that they worked in the same period of time. However, other elements, such as the fact that each scribe copied one text, and that the quires containing each text have been numbered separately suggest that they probably worked independently. Dr Erika Elia

Language(s): Greek

1. ff. 5r-8r
Achmet ben Sirin, Achmetis Oneirocriticon

TLG 4384.001

ff. 1v-3v are blank

1.1. ff. 5r-7r
Table of contents
Rubric: f. 5r Πίναξ τοῦ παρόντος κριτικοῦ τῶν ὀνείρων βιβλίου
Incipit: f. 5r Κεφάλαιον αον. Περὶ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν
Explicit: f. 7r σβ΄. Περὶ ἀκρίδων

The table of contents is incomplete

f. 7v is blank

1.2. f. 8r
Achmetis Oneirocriticon
Rubric: f. 8r Βιβλίον ὀνειροκρίτης ὅπερ συνῆξε καὶ συνέταξεν Ἄχμὲτ· υἱὸς Σερεὶμ ὀνειροκρίτου
Incipit: f. 8r Τοῦ πρωτοσυμβούλου Μαμοῦν πολλὰ κοπιάσαντος εὑρέσθαι τῷ δεσπότῃ μου
Explicit: f. 8r ἔκβασις προγινώσκεται, εὐφρανθήσεται τὰ μέγιστα||

Only the prologue is present, F. Drexl, Achmetis Oneirocriticon, Leipzig 1925, p. 1; the text is a paraphrase (see Drexl 1925, p. xiii; Mavroudi 2002, p. 121)

In this manuscript the text starts with the mention of the Caliph Mamoun, which is traditionally part of the title, see Mavroudi 2002, pp. 36-37

f. 8v is blank

2. ff. 9r-99r
Johannes Zacharias Actuarius, De urinis
Incipit: f. 9r Πάλαι μὲν ἴσως φιλοτιμίας ἔργον τιθέμενος
Explicit: f. 99r αὐτῶν δὲ τῶν λόγων ἀκριβής τις ἐπίσκεψις.
Final rubric: f. 99r Τέλος σὺν θεῷ

The red ink of the title is very faint, it is almost completely unreadable

The books are preceded by a list of the chapters

TLG 3188.002

ff. ff. 99v-[iv] verso are blank

2.1. ff. 9r-22r
Book 1

The text is preceded, on f. 9r ll. 1-19, by a table of contents

2.2. ff. 22r-32v
Book 2

The text is preceded, on ff. 22r l. 18-22v l. 5, by a table of contents

2.3. ff. 32r-44v
Book 3

The text is preceded, on ff. 32r l. 27-32v l. 23, by a table of contents

2.4. ff. 44v-60r
Book 4

The text is preceded, on f. 44v ll. 8-28, by a table of contents

2.5. ff. 60r-76r
Book 5

The text is preceded, on f. 60r ll. 6-27, by a table of contents

2.6. ff. 76r-88r
Book 6

The text is preceded, on f. 76r ll. 27-31, by a table of contents

2.7. ff. 88r-99r
Book 7

The text is preceded, on ff. 88r l. 22-88v l. 13, by a table of contents

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: ff. 1-99 Western paper, folded in octavo. Watermarks: ff. 1-48, 65-80 Tower with one window ( ca. 62 × 23 mm. ) in the upper part of the leaf, near the gutter, comparable to Briquet Tour 15865 which is dated in 1427 and 1430 (Italy), and to Wasserzeichen des Mittelalters Turm AT8900-77_13 which is dated around 1439. ff. 49-64, 81-96 Three mountains surmounted by a cross ( ca. 90 × 40 mm. ) in the upper part of the leaf, near the gutter, comparable to Briquet Monts 11722 which is dated between 1413-1450. left pastedown-f. [iii], [iv]-right pastedown Western paper, folded in quarto. Watermarks: Pro Patria with countermark ‘ GR’ surmounted by a crown in a circle ( ca. 90 × 110 mm. ) in the gutter, comparable to the type Heawood Pro Patria 3700 which is dated to 1747 in England (these are later endleaves).
Extent: Codex: iii + 99 + i leaves. 205 × 145 mm.
Foliation:

Modern pencil foliation, in Arabic numerals, in the upper margin right, from 1 to 99: [i]-[iii] + 1-99 + [iv].

Collation

The manuscript consists of quaternions. Ff. 97-99 seem to be today three single leaves. The first three later endleaves form a binion together with the left pastedown. The last, later, endleaf, f. [iv], forms a bifolium with the right pastedown.

  • Quire 14 left pastedown-f. [iii] (18th c., later endleaves)
  • Quires 2-138 ff. 1-96
  • three paper leaves ff. 97-99
  • Quire 142 ff. [iv]-right pastedown (18th c., later endleaves)

Signatures in Greek numerals by the scribe, in black ink, are present only in the portion of the manuscript containing the text De urinis, ff. 9r-96v, in the lower margin, left, of the last leaf, verso, of the quires, from α΄ (1, f. 16v) to ια΄ (11, f. 96v).

Condition

The manuscript is in good condition. There are yellow stains throughout, but the text is always readable. On the upper, lower, and external margins of f. 1r there are red impressions probably left by the turn-ins of a leather cover.

Layout

ff. 9r-99r A single column of 31 lines (32 lines on ff. 5r-8r). 133 × 85 mm.

Hand(s)

ff. 5r-7r, 8r Hand A: a minuscule Gebrauchsschrift, vertical, regular in size, which can be identified as the hand of Isidore of Kyïv (ca. 1385-1463) , (Ἰσίδωρος, on him see RGK I, 155; RGK II, 205; RGK III, 258), in the less calligraphic variant of his script (on the variants of Isidore's script, see A. Rollo, 'A proposito del Vat. gr. 2239: Manuele II e Guarino (con alcune osservazioni sulla scrittura di Isidoro di Kiev)', in: Νέα Ῥώμη, 3, 2006, pp. 373-388).

The text is written in a brown ink, titles in a brilliant red.

ff. 9r-99r Hand B: a minuscule Gebrauchsschrift, vertical, regular in size, but with a certain enlargement of oblique strokes (particularly evident in letters such as alpha, lambda, delta). The ductus is rapid and the script is traced with a 'nervous' movement. It is datable in the 15th century.

The text is written in a brown ink, titles in red.

Decoration

On f. 5r there is a frieze in a rope motif, in a brilliant red ink.

Hand B traced a series of small and simple friezes, formed of an undulated line with clover leaves at both ends, on ff. 9r, 44v, 60r, 88r.

Initials in ekthesis, in red ink, decorated with a vegetal motif, used by both hand A (see f. 8r), and B ( f. 9r). Hand B used also minor thick initials in red ink, see e.g. f. 87r.

Additions

On the left pastedown, in the upper left corner, is written, in brown ink, the present shelfmark, ‘ O.8.11’.

On f. 1r are written, in brown ink, the old marks ‘ C.18’ and ‘ O.14.18’, both erased with lines. Above, is written the number ‘ 149’.

On f. 4r a later hand wrote in Latin a title, ‘ Achmetis Oneirocritica, manuscripta, Graece’, and a note about the text, which allegedly contains parts of the text not present in the printed edition (Paris 1603), ‘ Excussus est hic liber Parisiis cum Artemidori Daldiani Oneirocriticis. Sed habentur in in[sic] hoc manuscripto nonnulla quae in impresso desunt, ut patet ex praefatione.’ The same hand added a title also in the upper margin of f. 9r, ‘ Actuarius de urinis’.

On f. 8r a later hand wrote in brown ink a note about works citing oneirocritai.

Binding

Western modern binding. Paper cover over pasteboards; parchment on spine, on which are glued three paper labels with the shelfmark ‘ O’, ‘ 8’, ‘ 11’. 215 × 150 × 25 mm.

The spine is damaged.

History

Origin:

As the watermarks of the paper suggest, the manuscript was copied in the 15th century, probably in the first half. Since the first, defective, text was copied by Isidore of Kyïv (ca. 1385-1463), and since also the second text was written by hand B on the same kind of paper, the date of origin of the manuscript can be placed before the cardinal's death, in 1463.

Provenance and Acquisition

The manuscript was part of the collection of the antiquary Thomas Gale (ca. 1635-1702) . It appears among Thomas Gale's Greek manuscripts in E. Bernard, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ, Oxoniæ 1697, p. 191: no. 6102 (268) ‘ Actuarius de urinis, Gr.’

It was donated to Trinity College by Roger Gale (1672-1744) in 1738. On f. 4v is pasted the Trinity College bookplate.

Additional Information

Record Sources

Description (2021) draws partly on M. R. James, The Western Manuscripts in the Library of Trinity College Cambridge, vol. 3, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1902, p. 398.

Availability

Visitors to Trinity College who wish to consult Special Collections material are required to apply to the Library in advance of their visit. For information on eligibility and admission procedures see: Trinity College: Information for Readers.

Bibliography

    The western manuscripts in the library of Trinity College: a descriptive catalogue, James, M. R. (Cambridge, 3, Cambridge University Press, 1902) Achmetis Oneirocriticon Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana, (Lipsiae, In aedibus BG Teubneri, 1925) Gli onirocritici del cod. Paris. Suppl. Gr. 690 Prometheus, Gigli, Daria (4, 65-86, 1978) A Byzantine book on dream interpretation: the Oneirocriticon of Achmet and its Arabic sources Medieval Mediterranean, Mavroudi, Maria V. (Leiden, Boston, Brill, 2002) Byzantine medical manuscripts: towards a new catalogue, with a specimen for an annotated checklist of manuscripts based on an index of Diels' catalogue Byzantion: Revue internationale des Études Byzantines, Touwaide, Alain (79, 453-595, 2009)

Funding of Cataloguing

The Polonsky Foundation

Digital Images

Cambridge Digital Library