Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, Trinity College, MS O.1.14

Diktyon no.: Diktyon 11956

Contents

Introduction: The manuscript contains a small collection of Greek Military Treatises, a genre that had a wide popularity in Byzantium; such texts were also widely copied in the Renaissance and in the 16th century. The codex contains four treatises. The first, Strategicus, is a tract on generalship by the Platonic philosopher Onasander (1st c. CE). After this there are two texts taken from the Taktika of the emperor Leo VI the Wise (886-912), a large work on strategy and tactics in twenty books, which became an authority in the field in the Byzantine age. Both extracts (from Books 19 and 20) deal with naval warfare. The same topic is found also in the last text, the Naumachica ad Basilium patricium, a text dedicated to Basil Lekapenos (or Basil the Nothos, ca. 925-after 985), patrikios and parakoimomenos at the Byzantine court under the emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos. The manuscript was written by one of the more prolific Greek scribes of the 16th century, Andreas Darmarios. This scribe, who was also a dealer of manuscripts, travelled frequently in Europe in order to sell and copy books, and had his headquarters in Venice, where this codex was copied and signed on 1st January 1573. Darmarios transcribed these texts various times: from the manuscript Trinity O.1.14 he copied the Strategicus in Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cod. Graec. 268 (see A. Dain, Les manuscrits d'Onésandros, Paris 1930, pp. 108-109). Dr Erika Elia

Language(s): Greek

1. ff. 1r-4r
Table of contents
Incipit: f. 1r Τοῦ σοφωτάτου …
Explicit: f. 4r Περὶ τῆς τῶν ἱστορικῶν λέξεων διασαφήσεως
Final rubric: f. 4r Τέλος πίνακος

ff. 4v-5v are blank

2. ff. 6r-75r
Onasander, Strategicus
Rubric: f. 6r Τοῦ σοφωτάτου Ὀνοσάνδρου στρατηγικά
Incipit: f. 6r Προοίμιον. Ἱππικῶν μὲν λόγων, ἢ κυνηγετικῶν
Explicit: f. 75r οὐκ ἀνόητος στρατηγός

TLG 0648.001

ff. 9v and 75v are blank

3. ff. 76r-103v
Leo VI, Emperor of the East, 866-912, Tactica, Constitut. 19 (Naumachia)
Rubric: f. 76r Λέοντος βασιλέως ναυμαχικά
Incipit: f. 76r Περὶ ναυμαχίας βουλόμεθα διατάξασθαι
Explicit: f. 103v ὡς ἐν συνόψει μετρίως εἰρήσθω

Εd. A. Dain, Naumachica, Paris 1943, pp. [19]-33 and G.T. Dennis, The Taktika of Leo VI, Washington D.C. 2010, 502-534

TLG 2944.007

4. ff. 104r-105v
Leo VI, Emperor of the East, 866-912, Tactica, Constitut. 20 (Excerptum Nauticum)
Rubric: f. 104r Ἐκ τοῦ κυροῦ Λέοντος τοῦ βασιλέως
Incipit: f. 104r Ἱστορήσω σοι ἔτι καὶ ἕτερον ναυτικοῦ στόλου στρατήγημα
Explicit: f. 105v ἢ ὅταν ὑπὸ χειμῶνος ταλαιπωρηθῶσιν

At the end of the text the scribe wrote ‘ Οὐκ ἦν πλέον τῶν ἐνταῦθα’, indicating that the text ended there in his exemplar

Εd. A. Dain, Naumachica, Paris 1943, pp. 37-38, and G.T. Dennis, The Taktika of Leo VI, Washington D.C. 2010, pp. 187-221

TLG 2944.007

5. ff. 106r-119r
Ad Basilium patricium Naumachica
Rubric: f. 106r Ναυμαχικὰ συνταχθέντα παρὰ Βασιλείου, πατρικίου, καὶ παρὰ[sic] κοιμωμένων[sic]
Incipit: f. 106r Αὐσονίων σοφίης δεδιδαγμένοι ἔξοχα ἔργα
Explicit: f. 119r ἐπὶ τὰ εἴδη τῶν παρατάξεων

This text has been transmitted under the name of Basil Lekapenos (or the Nothos, or Basilius patricius) , to whom the work is dedicated (see Dain 1943, pp. 57-59)

At the end of the text the scribe wrote ‘Οὕτω ἔκειτο ἐν τῷ πρωτοτύπῳ’, indicating that he copied the text according to his exemplar.

Εd. A. Dain, Naumachica, Paris 1943, pp. 61-68

6. f. 119r
Colophon
Colophon: f. 119r Ὑπὸ Ἀνδρέου Δαρμαρίου εἴληφε τέλος ἐν τῷ ἔτει ͵αφογ΄ ἰανουαρίου αῃ Ἐνετίαζε
7. ff. 119v-131v
Blank leaves

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: ff. [i]-129 Western paper, folded in quarto. Watermarks: ff. left pastedown/ [iii] Pro Patria ( ca. 90 × 106 mm. ) in the gutter comparable to Wasserzeichen-Informationssystem (DFG) Pro Patria DE0945-Graun2790_2v and DE0945-Graun2790_1v , which are dated to the second half of the 18th c. ff. [i]-[ii] Unidentified motif in a circle. ff. v/6 Hand surmounted by a flower with six rounded petals and central circle, in the gutter, the watermark is not entirely visible, comparable watermarks, such as Sosower Main 15-27 are dated in the years ca. 1574-1582. ff. 1-5, 7-21, 39-69 Circle crossed and surmounted by a shaft ending in a cross, with countermark (due to the position in the gutter, it is not possible to read the letters) ( ca. 70 × 40 mm. ), in the gutter, comparable to Sosower Cercle 2, 6 (only the principal motif), which are dated to ca. 1570. ff. 22-37 Cardinal's hat surmounted by a cross, with countermark ‘ PB’ surmounted by a clover, in the gutter, comparable to Sosower Chapeau 31 (but the watermark is not entirely visible), which is dated to 1571. ff. 71/88, 73/86, 74/85 Latin cross in a circle; under the circle letters ‘ BRP’, not entirely visible, in the gutter, without exact parallels in the main repertoires. ff. 76/83, 78/81, 90-129 Pilgrim in a circle; under the circle letters ‘ BRP’ ( ca. 75 ), in the gutter, comparable (but the watermark is not entirely visible) to Sosower Pèlerin 13 , which is dated to ca. 1570-1571. ff. iv, 130-131 Western paper, no watermarks are visible (original endleaves).
Extent: Codex: iii + 2 + 129 + 2 leaves. 200 × 145 mm.
Foliation:

Modern pencil foliation, in Arabic numerals, in the upper margin right from iv to v and from 1 to 131; three blank leaves at the beginning are unnumbered: [i]-[iii] + iv-v + 1-131.

Collation

The first quire is a binion formed by later endleaves: the first leaf is the left pastedown. The second is a quaternion damaged by fire, which lost a leaf (without loss of text); to it a leaf has been added (the paper is different from that of the remaining leaves of this quire), f. iv. Quire 3 lacks one leaf without loss of text.

  • Quire 14 ff. left pastedown-[iii]
  • Quire 28-1+1 ff. iv-6( α΄)
  • Quire 316-1 ff. 7-21( β΄)
  • Quires 4-616 ff. 22-69
  • Quires 7-920 ff. 70-129

Greek signatures in brown ink by the scribe's hand, in the centre of the lower margin of the first leaf recto of the quires, only on ff. v recto (α΄ = 1) and f. 7r (β΄ = 2). Horizontal catchwords by the scribe, in the lower margin of the last verso of the quires.

Condition

The manuscript is in good condition. The first leaves have been damaged by fire, in particular ff. iv-v and 1.

Layout

A single column of 13 lines. 135 × 90 mm.

Hand(s)

ff. v recto, 1r-9r, 10r-119r Hand A: the texts have been copied entirely by Andreas Darmarios (1540-after 1587) , (Ἀνδρέας Δαρμάριος, RGK I, 13. See also RGK II, 21; RGK III, 22), who signed the copy on 1st January 1573.

The text is written in a light brown ink, titles and initials in red.

ff.105v-119r, passim Hand a: marginal annotations in Latin and Greek, in black ink, to the text Ad Basilium patricium Naumachica, and a note about Basilius patricius (f. 105v) have been written by Patrick Young (1584-1652) (for the identification see M. R. James, The Western Manuscripts in the Library of Trinity College Cambridge (Cambridge, 1902), vol. 3, p. 14; the Greek script is the same of other manuscripts written by Young, as, for example, London, British Library, Harley 7522 B , Cambridge, Trinity College, O.1.36).

The scribe wrote also variants in the margins, with asterisks, see e.g. f. 45v.

Hand b: another hand, probaly slightly later, wrote throughout the manuscript annotations with variants from a manuscript owned by Vossius (see f. iv recto, ‘ In cod. MS Vossii [...]’, and f. 76r ‘Cod. Voss. haec tribuit [...]’), providing the marginal annotations with the abbreviation ‘ Vos.’ (see e.g. 115r). The script seems to be by the hand of a western European scholar; the ink is light brown. Since the Vossian manuscript can be identified as Leiden, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit, Voss. Gr. O. 11, written by Isaac Vossius in 1642 ( K. de Meyïer, Bibliotheca Universitatis Leidensis. Codices manuscripti, 6: Codices Vossiani graeci et Miscellanei, Lugduni Batavorum 1955, pp. 211-212), the script must be dated after the middle of the 17th century.

Decoration

On f. 6r there is a frieze with a rope motif in brown ink.

Initials in ekthesis are decorated with a vegetal motif, see f. 10r. There are also simple thick initials in red ink, see e.g. f. 17r.

Small crosses, and small vegetal motifs are traced after the titles and at the end of the texts, see e.g. ff. 9r and 10r.

Additions

On the left pastedown are written the Gale collection old number, ‘no 198’, and shelfmark, ‘ C.66’, the present shelfmark, ‘ O.1.14’, and an older one, ‘ O.3.31’.

On f. iv recto there is a note by hand b indicating incipit and explicit of the text Ad Basilium patricium Naumachica in a manuscript of Isaac Vossius. After that, in the same ink, there is the shelfmark ‘C.66’ from the Gale collection. Hand b wrote annotations in the margins referring to the manuscript of Vossius throughout the manuscript, and intervened also on f. 119r, in the space between the end of the text and the scribe's colophon. While Darmarios concluded the text saying that it finished in that way in his exemplar, hand b indicated what instead followed in the MS of Vossius.

On f. v recto, two titles in Latin have been erased with a line.

On f. v verso there is an annotation in brown ink referring to the Suidas lexicon, by a later hand.

On f. 129v there is an annotation referring to a text present in a manuscript of Magdalen College, Oxford: ‘ Περὶ τῶν πολεμικῶν παρασκευῶν Athanasius quidam in Bibl. Magd. Oxon. n. 90’; the author name is mispelled, as the work is Athenaeus (mechanicus), De machinis belli; the manuscript is probably Oxford, Magdalen College, gr. 14 .

On f. 130v there is an annotation in Latin referring probably to the Basil the Nothos.

Binding

Western modern binding. Paper cover over millboard; parchment on spine, on which are pasted three paper labels with the shelfmark. 208 × 150 × 23 mm.

There are some scraps on the cover; the upper part of the spine is damaged.

History

Origin:

The manuscript was copied and signed by the Greek scribe Andreas Darmarios on 1st January 1573 in Venice.

Provenance and Acquisition

The manuscript was owned by Isaac Casaubon (1559-1614) , and was probably sold to him by Darmarios in Geneva, around 1584 (see E. Craster, 'Casaubon’s Greek Manuscripts', Bodleian Quarterly Record 5 (1926-1928), pp. 97-100: 99 no. 33; L. Calvié, 'Le commerce transalpin du copiste-libraire vénitien Andréas Darmarios entre 1582 et 1585', Revue d'Histoire des Textes 15 (2020), pp. 89-168: 115-119, 161).

It was subsequently part of the collection of the English classical scholar and antiquarian Thomas Gale (ca. 1635-1702) . It appears among Thomas Gale's Greek manuscripts in E. Bernard, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ (Oxoniæ, 1697), p. 190, no. 6038 (204) ‘Onosandri Strategica. Leoni Imp. Naumachica. Basilii Patrici Naumachica. Gr.’.

It was donated to Trinity College by the antiquary Roger Gale (1672-1744) in 1738. On f. v verso is pasted the Trinity College bookplate. On ff. 1r and 119v there are stamps of Trinity College.

Additional Information

Record Sources

Description (2020) draws partly on M. R. James, The Western Manuscripts in the Library of Trinity College Cambridge (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1902), vol. 3, pp. 13-15.

Availability

Visitors to Trinity College who wish to consult Special Collections material are required to apply to the Library in advance of their visit. For information on eligibility and admission procedures see: Trinity College: Information for Readers.

Bibliography

    The western manuscripts in the library of Trinity College: a descriptive catalogue, James, Montague Rhodes (Cambridge, 3, Cambridge University Press, 1902) Die griechischen Schreiber des Mittelalters und der Renaissance, Vogel, MarieGardthausen, Victor (Leipzig, O. Harrassowitz, 1909) Casaubon’s Greek Manuscripts Bodleian Quarterly Record, Craster, E. (5, 97-100, 1926) Les manuscrits d'Onesandros Collection d'études anciennes, , (Paris, Société d'Édition Les Belles Lettres, 1930) Naumachica Naumachica Nouvelle collection de textes et documents, Dain, A. (Paris, Société d'Édition Les Belles Lettres, 1943) Inventaire raisonné des cent manuscrits des "Constitutions tactiques" de Léon VI le Sage Scriptorium, Dain, A. (1, 1, 33-49, 1946) Repertorium der griechischen Kopisten, 800-1600 Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Byzantinistik, Gamillscheg, ErnstHarlfinger, Dieter (Wien, I. Grossbritannien, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1981) Creta y el itinerario de los textos griegos hacia Occidente. El caso de los manuscritos de Matteo Dandolo Scripta, Martínez Manzano, T. (7, 159-184, 2014) Le commerce transalpin du copiste-libraire vénitien Andréas Darmarios entre 1582 et 1585 Revue d'Histoire des Textes, Calvié, L. (15, 89-168, 2020)

Funding of Cataloguing

The Polonsky Foundation

Digital Images

Cambridge Digital Library