Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.44

Alchemical treatises and recipes

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: A composite manuscript of four parts consisting of paper leaves.
Extent: Codex: iv + 57 | 7 | 32 | 18 + iv leaves. 210-220 × 140-145 mm.
Foliation:

(?)17th-century pagination in Parts 1-3, occasionally supplied by a modern hand:

[i]-[iv] + 1-52, 55-116 | 117-130 | 131-194 [continued below]

Numbering in dark ink in the upper right-hand corners of the rectos. Consequenty, only the uneven numbers of the pagination sequence are inscribed in the manuscript. However, a modern hand has added the number '110' in pencil to the upper outer corner of the relevant page.

The numbers 53-54 are missing from the pagination sequence due to the loss of a leaf.

This pagination sequence is followed in this catalogue record, ignoring the old foliation in Part 2 (see below) and modern foliation in Parts 1 and 3 (see below).

For reference purposes in this electronic catalogue record, the unfoliated flyleaves at the beginning and end of the manuscript have been allocated Roman numerals. In order to indicate that these are supplied numbers, they have been placed between square brackets.

Foliation:

19th- or 20th-century foliation for Part 4:

[continue from above] 1-18 + [v]-[viii]

Numbering in pencil in the upper right-hand corners of the rectos.

The numbers 53-54 are missing from the pagination sequence due to the loss of a leaf.

This foliation sequence is followed in this catalogue record.

For reference purposes in this electronic catalogue record, the unfoliated flyleaves at the beginning and end of the manuscript have been allocated Roman numerals. In order to indicate that these are supplied numbers, they have been placed between square brackets.

Foliation:

15th- or 16th-century foliation in Part 2:

1-7 for pp. 130.

Numbering in brown ink in the lower right-hand corners of the rectos. This foliation sequence is ignored in this catalogue record.
Foliation:

Two 19th- or 20th-century foliation sequences, one for Part 1 and another for Part 3:

'26'-'27' (pp. 51, 55) and '54' (p. 109) [Part 1]; and 1 (p. 131), 4 (p. 137), 7 (p. 143), 10 (p. 149), 11 (p. 151), 14 (p. 157, 20 (p. 169), 30 (p. 189), 32 (p. 193) in Part 3.

Numbering in pencil in the upper right-hand corners of the rectos (largely crossed out). These two foliation sequences are ignored in this catalogue record.

Collation

NB: This catalogue record disagrees with the division into parts proposed by M.R. James (1901) and Timmermann (2015), who state that Part 3 starts at p. 137. Instead, this catalogue record - following the division indicated by pencil annotations written in the manuscript by a modern hand - places its beginning at p. 131.

Quires 6 and 7 are separate quires but possibly comprise a single quaternion with two leaves added at the end.

  • Quire 126 (pp. 1-52)
  • Quire 2?16-1 (pp. 55-84: 1st leaf missing)
  • Quire 316 (pp. 85-116) |
  • Quire 4?4+3 or 10-3 (pp. 117-130: three added at the quire's end or three missing at the quire's beginning) |
  • Quire 52 (pp. 131-134)
  • Quire 6?8 (pp. 135-150)
  • Quire 7?2 (pp. 151-154)
  • Quire 820 (pp. 155-194) |
  • Quire 98 (ff. 1-8)
  • Quire 104 (ff. 9-12)
  • Quire 114 (ff. 13-16)
  • Quire 12two (ff. 17-18)

126 2?16-1 (1st missing) 316 | 4?4+3 or 10-3 (three added at the quire's end or three missing at the quire's beinning) | 52 6?8 7?2 820 | 98 104 114 12two

Binding

19th- or 20th-century half leather binding with marbled paper sides over pasteboards; the spine with four raised bands and three paper labels with the separate alpha-numerical elements of the manuscript's current classmark (‘R’, ‘14’, ‘44’) printed on them.

Binding height: 225mm; width: 150mm; depth: 35mm.

This book was previously bound with Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.45 , which contains a note in an 18th- or 19th-century hand to that effect on f. [i] verso: ‘The were in this book some other chymicall Tretise wole on paper which are taken out and bound by themselves vid. R. 8. 25’.

History

Provenance and Acquisition

According to Mooney (1995), f. [i] recto of Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.45 - with which Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.44 was bound when it arrived at Trinity College - contains 15th-century notes ‘relating to ownership’. Since these notes occur on a leaf that, according to M.R. James (1901), served as a cover for part of Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.44, any ownership information on it is relevant for both manuscripts. Nevertheless, these notes (read with UV light as follows: ‘Robert Charlton’; ‘John Leynton with my […] of Cromwell’; ‘Peter stacey [? stakey] […] of de ordine […]’; ‘Thomas ffounteyn besyde levys [? Lewes, East Sussex]’; ‘ballyscote besyde woodstoke [Balscote, Oxfordshire]’; ‘Thomas Hawe det [?quyntynys]’; ‘Mayster Rychard Hall parson of dray[…] [? Drayton]’; ‘Thomas Coolys of Hyndon besyde Watforde’; ‘Rychard Moyne of [?C]ale[?y]’) seem to concern accounts of the sort that can be found in Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.44 at pp. 185-186 and f. 18r. The geographic spread of the topographical references in these notes appears to be too wide to suggest a likely location of writing, and it has not been possible to identify any of the individuals named.

'Elizabeth' (fl. 16th century) : perhaps owned or accessed this manuscript. The name ‘Elizabeth’ is inscribed in a (?) 16th-century script on f. [ii] recto of Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.45 with which this manuscript was bound together when it arrived at Trinity College. According to James (1901), p. 331, f. [ii] is one of the two parchment leaves that formerly formed the cover of part of Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.44.

'James R.' (fl. 16th or 17th century) : perhaps owned or accessed this manuscript. The name ‘James R’ is inscribed in a (?) 16th- or 17th-century script on f. [ii] verso of Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.45 with which this manuscript was bound together when it arrived at Trinity College. According to James (1901), p. 331, f. [ii] is one of the two parchment leaves that formerly formed the cover of part of Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.44.

Laurence [Lawrence] Sadler (fl. 1628) : probably owned this manuscript. This manuscript was previously bound together with Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.45 , which contains Sadler's name inscription with a note on his purchase of the manuscript on f. [i] recto: ‘Lawrence Sadler - Empt. Lond. Feb. 24 Anno 1629 pritium 4s ’. Unidentified, but perhaps the London bookseller who was active at the Golden Lion in Little Britain, 1631-64.

Perhaps owned by Thomas Whalley (c. 1584-1637) , Vice-Master of Trinity College, cleric, priest, and bibliophile (see Acquisition for further discussion).

Perhaps bequeathed to Cambridge, Trinity College, by Thomas Whalley in 1637: see the ex-dono label on f. [ii] verso of Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.45 , with which the present manuscript was bound together when it arrived at Trinity College: ‘Ex dono ornatissimi Viri, THOMÆ WHALLEY, sacræ Theologiæ Professoris, et Collegii Trinitatis Vicemagistri. 1637’. According to James (1901), p. 331, f. [ii] is one of the two parchment leaves that formerly formed the cover of part of Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.44. Listed as no. 496 in the College's library in Edward Bernard and Humfrey Wanley, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ, in unum collecti, cum indice alphabetico, 2 volumes in 1 (Oxford: e Theatro Sheldoniano, 1697). The College's current classmark (‘R.14.44’) is inscribed in pencil on f. [i] recto. The separate alpha-numerical elements of its classmark (‘R’, ‘14’, ‘44’) are printed onto three paper labels that have been pasted onto the spine (not photographed). An ? old classmark ‘B.7.31’ is inscribed in the lower margin of f. 1r (Part 4). The college's ex libris, featuring an engraving of its heraldic arms, motto (‘Virtus Vera Nobilitas’), and name (‘Coll: Trin: Cant:’) by William Stephens, fl. c. 1740-c. 1760 (‘W. Stephens sculp.’) is pasted onto the inside of the front cover. Its library stamps on pp. 1, 116, 117, 18r.

Part 1 [Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.44, pp. 1-116]

Contents

Language(s): Middle English

1. 1-109
Medical treatise on temperatures
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 1 Preysyng be to god þe fadyre þe voche yevythe vysdome or cunyng to vysemen for he ys of all þe fyrst vhan he ys withoute begynnyng . last of all whan none hende ys to hym he thys ys þe makere of all thyngys . whoys wyll eueryvere ys all whan þer ys none þat may ayensey hym
Explicit: 109 And in thys ys the most secrete of secreteys of kynde þe voche ys above all the presyuste of the vorlde moste presyus deo gracias

The treatise consists of a prologue (pp. 1-3, a list of temperatures (3-4, after which the treatise begins with the words: ‘Qualyteys contrary be remyttyd after greys and be namyd aftyr þe more qualyte in gre of þe qualyteys brekyng from aftyr degre of grete invardnes hoolde here strenkthys and sende ayen þe ferther greys aftermenntes’

eVK2 4026.00
2. 110-114
Semita semitae [anonymous Middle English translation] Pseudo-Arnold of Villanova
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 110 Worschypfull fadyr now I schall turn ayen vnto the thyngys that I before seyde remenynge phylesopherys woordys vnto ham and here mysty wordys hyd in parabyllys soo þat þou shaltte deme aforne thysylfe þat I have ryȝthe vndyrstode the mysty vordys of thyse oolde phylesopherys
Explicit: 114 And than soluythe the norsschyng tyll he be voxyn vondyre moche with hys ovnce mylk þat ys to sey mercory ofte and ofte euer tyll he have dronkyn þat suffysythe inowe
eVK2 8211.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 226 xix
Mooney (1995), p. 42 [other copies]
3. 115-116
Collection of five alchemical recipes
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 115 Take sal armonyak sal niter sal comyn off iche lyche moche that ys to sey off yche hall j li.
Explicit: 116 and put all thyse togedyr small grovnde in a glas well lateyd and make good ffyre vndyr hyt tyll yt be brente inowe etcaetera

The second recipee is said to have been devised ‘By Magister R.W. off Cambryge’ [Mooney (1995) transcribes ‘M. Rids off Cambryge’; but see Timmermann (2013), p. 441. The final recipe is ‘ffor to make aurvm mvsicum’.

eVK2 5939.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 1111 xxxi

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 2r: into fyre
Form: codex
Support: Paper, folded in octavo. Folios 1-116: scissors.
Extent: Codex: 57 leaves. 215 × 140 mm.

Collation

  • Quire 126 (pp. 1-52)
  • Quire 2?16-1 (pp. 55-84: 1st leaf missing)
  • Quire 316 (pp. 85-116)

Layout

160 × 95 mm. Ruled in leadpoint, frame only. Single columns. 25-27 lines to the page, written above top line.

Hand(s)

Pages 1-109 have been copied by a single 15th-century scribe writing in a cursive script with both anglicana and secretary features.

Pages 115-116 have been copied by a different 15th-century scribes writing in cursive scripts with both anglicana and secretary features.

Decoration

Large (2-3 lines) plain initials in red ink.

Marginal notae and subheadings written in red ink.

Small initials highlighted with red ink.

History

Origin: 15th century. ; England.

Part 2 [Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.44, pp. 117-130]

Contents

Language(s): Latin

1. 130
Speculum alchemiae Pseudo-Roger Bacon
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 117 Multiphariam multisque modis loquebantur olim philosophi
Explicit: 130 Nam precussores istius artis qui per suam philosophiam ipsam inuenerunt demonstrauerunt sibi digitis satis manifeste viam lunarem deundatam cum dicunt natura natura letatur||

The copy has been left unfinished in Chapter 7

A (?) 17th-century hand has added the following title to the upper margin of f. 117: ‘Hic liber est Speculum Alchemiæ Rog. Baconis’.

eTK 0702E
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 194 ii

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 119r: fieri debent
Form: codex
Support: Paper, folded in folio or octavo [vertical chainlines]. Folios 117-130: [no watermark].
Extent: Codex: 7 leaves. 210 × 140 mm.

Collation

  • Quire 4?4+3 or 10-3 (pp. 117-130: three added at the quire's end or three missing at the quire's beginning)

Layout

160 × 95 mm. Ruled in leadpoint, frames and line ruling. Single columns. lines to the page, written below top line.

Hand(s)

Pages 117-118 have been copied in an anglicana formata script influenced by secretary script.

Pages 119-130 have been copied in a bastard secretary script.

Decoration

This part of the manuscript does not contain any significant forms of decoration.

Additions

History

Origin: 15th or early 16th century. ; England.

Part 3 [Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.44, pp. 131-194]

Contents

Language(s): Middle English and Latin

1. 131-136
Collection of four alchemical recipes (‘Fyx Fugetyfe’)
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 131 Take in the name of god j parte of golde that ys fynyd and vj partys of mercory that ys purgyd and malgam ham togedyr as sotylly as thov kanst and than put yt into a body of glas and sette þeron a hede and lute ham togedyr
Explicit: 133 as longe as þou wyll bothe in qualyte and quantyte and thus þou may make fyx fugetyfe and þat þat ys fugetyfe to be fyx ayen

The recipes are for ‘fyx fugetyfe’, ‘ffyxacio lune’, ‘ffor to make boras’, and ‘ffixacio lune’.

eVK2 5558.00
eVK2 5755.00
eVK2 6417.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 1112 xvi
Mooney (1995) [on recipes in this manuscript that have similarities with the first recipe in this collection]
2. 137-140
Alchemical treatise on making colours
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 137 Rosary
Incipit: 137 This tretis shewith how ye shall gouerne youre fire in all maner of operaciouns that longith vnto this science therfor in euery degre loke how thi ferste water congelith himself and how thi water turneth fro colour to colour
Explicit: 140 and rede that we seke with þe which we teyne all bodies and turne hem into profiter golde and seluer than ony odir brought out of the myne
eVK2 7490.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 497
3. 140-142
Alchemical recipe
Language(s): Middle English recipe with a Latin heading
Rubric: 140 Ne cupias
Incipit: 140 Take lymayle of ffyne golde as much as thou wilte then take vj so much of Mercury as thi golde weith and that thy mercury be wele wasshen and clensid and seith hem to gedir as the maner is and eftirwarde sublyme it in alembike kouered
Explicit: 142 and every peny weight of that powdir wille turne a [half] peny weight of comyn mercury into fyne golde and thus do for it is sothe and certayne as god is in heuen for it is proued etcaetera
4. 143-150
Collection of four alchemical recipes
Language(s): Middle English recipes with Latin titles
Incipit: 143 Now to make water of corosyue which whater hath power to dissolue siluer into clene water and quike seluer. Take a pounde of vitriole vomane grene and a pounde of alom glasse and a pounde of salt peter and mole tham all togedig into a smalle poudir
Explicit: 150 and kast a lytill of this poudir theron and it shal be malliable for this mater I haue ofte tymes proued and it is trewe as god is in heuen etcaetera

The collection contains recipes for ‘water corosyue’, ‘liquifacio spiritum’, called ‘the grettest priuite that John Tebalde hath’, ‘sal preparate’, and ‘mundificacio cupri’.

eVK2 1444.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 741
5. 151
Untitled alchemical recipe
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 151 Sume capillos bene letos et incide cum forpicile ad modum ungius et fuit capilli recentes
Explicit: 151 nota quod illud est acetum in quo Mourius debet coqui et non aliter etcaetera
eTK 0733K
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 726
6. 152
Alchemical recipe
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 152 Maister Thomas apud Westminster
Incipit: 152 Recipe aluminis .j. bb. salis patri .demi lb. ex quibus extracte aquam corosiuam
Explicit: 152 Tunc fina illum cuprum in testa cum plumbo et post est abile pro medicina etcaetera
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 726
7. 152-160
Collection of eight alchemical recipes
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 152 Here ys cunyng to drave houte þe quintsence of antemony þat ys a ledyn markesyte god of hevyn he ys wytnes that I schal scheve soo grete a priuyte and experyence to youre knovleche the whyche was nevyr schevyt noþer knovyn but to full feve men
Explicit: 160 passythe the swetnes of hony or of sugyre or any othyr

The recipes are for making antimony; shiny jewelery by combining gold, silver, and copper; copper that is bright as gold; iron that is like silver; a ‘lyxor upon coper’; white metal from coopper and silver with instructions on how to sublime mercury [called ‘Opus osbern de westmestyr’]; ‘lambyr’; gold from mercury and gold.

eVK2 2049.00
eVK2 5060.00
eVK2 5423.00
eVK2 5249.00
eVK2 5589.00
eVK2 5727.00
eVK2 5764.00
eVK2 5433.00
eVK2 5738.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 726
8. 161-162
Recipe for changing the appearance of cloth
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 161 ffor to make a thynge seme weluet in clothe or ffor to make worstede to seme damaske
Incipit: 161 ffyrst take j li. off þe oldes wernysche and putte yt in a neve potte off erthe and take half j pound off ffyne mastyk and make yt into small poudyr and putte þat mastyk into þe wermysche in þe potte and the mastyk to gedyr
Explicit: 162 And yff ye make damask werk grynde with youre syse before sayde wat colour that ye wyll have and than werk with youre ploppe and make as ys affore sayde in eueryche maner accepte the ffleckys etcaetera
eVK2 5758.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 726
9. 163-164
Four alchemical recipes
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 163 ffor to make þe perfyte werk off wermelion afther .l. draper
Explicit: 164 and qvenchyd þerin yt schal be tove and soffte

The recipes are for making boras (2x) [the first one is attributed to ‘Gundi salvus de Portugalia’ who Mooney (1995) identifies as the 12th-century Toledan translator of Arabic scientific works Domingo Gondisalvi or Dominicus Gundissalinus]; vermillion [attributed to ‘L. Draper’]; and water of lead.

eVK2 5748.00
eVK2 5311.00
eVK2 6322.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 726
Mooney (1995), p. 44 [other copies]
10. 165
Alchemical recipe (fragmentary)
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: || 165 put ham in a pott and set yt in the grownd a fote the psae of j day naturell
Explicit: 165 and than set yt in a serkyll fyre and so contenew yt ij days
eVK2 0413.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 726
11. 165-166
Collection of four alchemical recipes
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 165 Si vis affinare metallum vt efficiatur optimum argentum
Explicit: 166 funde semiliter et erit purum argentum

The recipes are for ‘Si vis affinare metallum ut efficatur optimum argentum’; ‘Cuprum sic dealbatur ad modum argenti’; ‘Si vis ut saturnus fiat semile lune’; ‘Ut acias die vna vncia Argente .iija ’.

Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 726
12. 167-171
Tract on twelve alchemical waters
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 167 Hic incipit libellum 12 aquarum ad alkamiam pertinencium
Explicit: 171 et erit aurum purum si semel intingnatur

Timmermann (2015) suggests that this text may be a version of the Liber aquarum.

Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 726
13. 171-175
Collection of eight alchemical recipes
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 171 for to translat stang from sulphurte by kyndly ratefyyng
Explicit: 175 and vj of mercory to j part of soll tyll all the soll by sublimacyun be turnyd into mercury

The recipes are ‘for to translat stang fromh is sulphurite by kyndly ratefyyng’; ‘To make a good quencher to blanche and to thonge [? thoughe] jvbiter’; ‘To make metall towe’; ‘To hardyn eny metall’; ‘for to make a cetrinaciun’; ‘To wyrk a malgam upon styng’; ‘To make good lune’; ‘To make full artefissiall solebliall’. The final recipe requires human blood and hair as ingredients.

eVK2 5891.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 726
14. 176-177
Alchemical tract
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 176 Incipit opus bonifacij ix cum sequentibus capitulis albi et rubre
Explicit: 177 ad pondus cum pixide supra argentum vinum congelatur
eTK 0733K
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 726
15. 177-184
Collection of four alchemical recipes
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 177 De lapide albo
Explicit: 184 sicut sitis et postmodum laua bene cum cum aqua calida et postmodum cum nove||

The final recipe appears to be incomplete. The recipe are entitled or begin: ‘De lapide albo’; ‘Item alia tinctura bona et preciosa’; ‘Item alia tinctura preciosa’; ‘lapis rubeus’.

Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 726
16. 185-186
Accounts, datable to 1463-64
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 185 dane Thomas pryor off levys - xx li
Explicit: 186 Master wylliam dunthorne executor off John ffroste mercer

The accounts refer to persons situated in (in order of appearance) Lewis (‘levys’), London (‘london’), Nottinghamshire (‘notynghamschyre’), Cardiff (‘kerdyffe in Walys’), Henley-on-Thames (‘henele uppon temse’), and Wycombe (‘Wycombe’). They are typically named with their titles and occupations: ‘pryor’, ‘knyȝt’, ‘squyer’, ‘draper’, ‘mercer’, ‘grocer’, ‘habyrdasscher’, ‘brever’, ‘talov chavndeler’, ‘pevterer’, ‘dyer’, ‘ffyschemonger’, ‘wolpacker’, ‘taylour’, ‘tavyer’. While the aforementioned titles and roles all concern men, the accounts include two women: 1. a silkwoman (‘sylkwoman’) who is only identified by her surname: ‘langeton’. There were (at least) three silkwomen with that surname: Jane Langton, a silkwoman and merchant in London, who drew up her will in 1475; and her two daughters-in-law Agnes Langton and Elizabeth Langton. The latter supplied the royal wardrobe with silk in 1503 [on them, see Marian K. Dale, 'The London Silkwomen of the Fifteenth Century', The Economic History Review, 4:3 (1933), 324-335 (pp. 327-328)]. 2. A woman who is (again) only identified by her surname ‘Helmys of Henele uppon temse’ and who is described as the executrix of ‘John Helmys merchant’. She has not been identified.

The evidence for the dating of the accounts to 1463-64 comes from three entries: 1. An entry for ‘Thomas Cooke’ who is identified as ‘knyȝt and aldyrman of london’. He must be Sir Thomas Cooke (c. 1410-1478), who was alderman of the City of London from 1456 onwards, knighted in 1465, and Lord Mayor in 1462-63 (for him, see also Cambridge, Trinity College, MS O.3.11 and Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.52). 2. An entry that names ‘John’ as the prior of Lewis Priory. Given the identification of Sir Thomas Cooke, this prior John cannot be John Burghersh, who was prior from 1409 until 1414, or John Ashdowne who occurs as prior in 1506. He can only be John Danyel, who was prior from 1445 until 1464. 3. The final entry that refers to John Frost, mercer, who drew up his will, which identifies William Dunthorn as his executor, dated to 2 July 1463 (see Kew, The National Archives, PROB 11/5/211 ).

17. 187-189
Teaching on the philosopher's stone
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 187 O fili mi infans carissimi ob metv mortis mei ne moriar antequam pervenies ad etatem et propter puerilitatem quamvis te docerem a memoria tua ars deponeretur in obliuionem et sic penitus disparatus esses a composissione lapidis philosophorum
Explicit: 188-189 sicut te docui superius facere corpora incorporia quia numquam pervenies ad perfecionem composicionis lapidis philosophorum nisi sis facere fixum fugiens et fuguens fixum et si hoc sis tunc habes totum magisterium
eTK 0970I
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 622
18. 189-193
Collection of sixteen medical recipes
Language(s): Middle English and Latin>

The collection includes a recipe that is said to have been proved by a medical practitioners named Perrin Ferby [unidentified]: ‘ffor þe govte provyd per peryn fferby’.

eTK 1459M
eVK2 6153.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 1111 xxxi
19. 193
Charm to staunch blood
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 193 Si cateracciones sequenter scribantur et suspendantur ad collum vel brachium alicuius sangguinantis sito restringet pro ferto p. x. b. c. o. p. q. x. a. b. q. A. et si non credas esse verum scribe hoc predicta in manubrio cultelli et interfice porcellum vel porculum et videbis quod non exibit sanguis sepius probatum est

Full transcription. Includes a method to authenticate its veracity.

eVK2 6153.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 1111 xxxi
20. 193
Charm to staunch blood
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 193 Pro eodem ad sessandum sangvinem
Incipit: 193 scribe has caracteras in pergameno et liga supera pectus sanguinantis et statim sessabit sanguis / d. c. p. o. d. x. A. x. y. j. r. et si non credas scribe supra manubrium cultelli has caretras et proba sicut prius

Refers to a method to authenticate its veracity described in the previous item.

eVK2 6153.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 1111 xxxi
21. 193
Note on properties of magical characters used in blood-staunching charm
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 193 Nota esiam si quis has litteras honeste secrete et reuerenter portauerit non erit oppressatus nec captus nec in carcere clausus nec retentus
eVK2 6153.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 1111 xxxi
21. 194
Notes on the value of litmus (blue pigment) by the barrel
Language(s): Middle English
Incipit: 194 xijC off lytmose þat ys good wwyll make xviij kyldyrkynys off kork and euery kyldyrkyn contenyng ix stone / And euery stone weyyng xvj li. and euery stone ys worthe xij d þat dravythe euery barell to þe summa off xviij s.

Full transcription.

22. 194
Prayer for the blessing of medicine
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 194 Medicus discretus debet dicere mente deuota hanc oracionem in exibicionem alicuius medicine et melori modo operabitur
Incipit: 194 Deus sempiternus omnipotens qui mirabeliter [sic] hominem creasti et mirabelius [sic] reformasti qui dedisti medisinam [sic] ad recuperandum sanitatem humanorum corporum da benediccionem tuam de celis super hanc medisinam vt cuius corpus intrauerit sanitatem mentis et corporis recipere mereatur per Christum dominum nostrum Amen. Et potest recepcionem medicine item dicutur In nomine domini nostri Jhesu Christi nazareni crucifixi fili dei viui et benedicti qui surrexit et sedet ad dexteram dei patris et per singnum sancte crucis sanet te in corpore et anima viuens deus pater eiusdem domini nostri Jhesus Christi Amen

Full transcription.

eVK2 6153.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 1111 xxxi
23. 194
Charm against spasms
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 194 Pro spasmo fiat carmen de quo fiat men hoc modo
Incipit: 194 Accipe vnam cedulam pergameni et scribe primo singnum + Theball + guthe + guthani + in nomine patris + et filij + et spiritus + sancti Amen + jhesus nazarenus + Maria + Johannes + Michael + Gabriel + Raphael + verbum caro factum est + postea claudatur ista sedula bene et honeste et qui vero carmen istud super se portauerit reuerenter in dei omnipotentis nomine et credederit sine dubio spasmus ei non gravabit

Full transcription.

eVK2 6153.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 1111 xxxi

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 133r: with a softe
Form: codex
Support: Paper, folded in . Folios 131-194: ? crown, scales, bull.
Extent: Codex: 32 leaves. 220 × 145 mm.

Collation

  • Quire 52 (pp. 131-134)
  • Quire 6?8 (pp. 135-150)
  • Quire 7?2 (pp. 151-154)
  • Quire 820 (pp. 155-194)

Layout

160-180 × 100-125 mm. No ruling. Single columns. 24-38 lines to the page.

Hand(s)

Copied by several scribes working in cursive hands with both anglicana and secretary features.

Decoration

Drawing of an alembic within the text, and specifically surrounding the word ‘elembicus’, on p. 143.

History

Origin: c. 1463-64. ; England.

The accounts on f. 185-186 contain evidence that they were written around 1463-4 and have been written in the hand that has copied a large portion of this part of the manuscript; see Mooney (1995) for further details on the hands.

Provenance

John Frost (fl. c. 1460) , mercer of Saint Mary Aldermanbury, City of London: possibly copied and/or owned part of this manuscript. As Gross (1996), p. 117 fn. 74 points out, the accounts on pp. 185-186 contain an entry for Sir Thomas Cooke (c. 1410-1478), draper, knight, and Lord Mayor of London, who appears to have had a family connection with Frost although their exact relationship is unclear. In Frost's will of 1463-4 (see Kew, The National Archives, PROB 11/5/211 ; ? proved on 9 April 1466), he bequeathed twenty shillings to a certain ‘Thomas Cooke my cousyn in Cambrigge if he þat tyme continue at scole to augmentacioun of lernyng’. The latter may be the son and namesake of Sir Thomas Cooke, who was born in 1452. The will suggests that Frost knew Sir Thomas Cooke through his sister, to whom he refers as ‘Isabell Cooke my suster’. However, no further information appears to be available on her marriage. The final entry on p. 186 concerns a reference to William Dunthorn as the executor of John Frost's will, which is indeed confirmed by the aforementioned will.

Part 4 [Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.44, ff. 1-18]

Contents

Language(s): Middle English [LALME, LP 669: Norfolk dialect] and Latin

1. 1r-8r
Semita semitae Arnold of Villanova
Rubric: 1r Hic inicpit Epistola transmissa ad papa per magistrum Arnaldum de villa noua et est verissima epistola
Language(s): Middle English text with Latin title
Incipit: 1r Worschepeful ffadyr j sey þe forsothe þat þe ffelysophyres han left in here bokys .2. maner of werkynges . þe ton ys [crossed out: ‘fas’] fals þe toþer ys trewe . the trewe is set in mysty wordis . the false in lytere wordys so þat noun xuld vnderstonde here craft but only fylysopherys and wyse men
Explicit: 8r and als he puttyth awey euel humores yt maketh a man to han hardynes and þe victorye qwerfore yt may clepyd a precyows stoun
Final rubric: 8r Explicit iste liber et sertissime quod non est aliqua alia uia in hoc opere nisi isto modo ut omnes philosophi testantur licet multa loquantur per parabolas tamen omnes habent vnum opus et vnam iter ut omnes sapientes vnum intelligunt ergo omnes vos operandum per istum modum et non per alium et ueritatem inuenientes auxilio domini nostri ihesu cristi qui uos ad finem bonum perducat. amen.
eVK2 8209.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no 226 xx
Mooney (1995), p. 45 [other copies in this manuscript]
2. 8v-14v
The Mirror of Alchemy Pseudo-Roger Bacon
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 8v Bakon
Incipit: 8v There is on thyng alone to hom no strong thyng ys added bu only hys superfluyte don awey . þe qweche is .vigetall. out of þe qwech we make to renne þe spryȝt of þe .quintescens. for with owtyn hym may not þe phelisopheres stoun be mad
Explicit: 14v yf þou wele ocupye þe in ony ryGt whyle wel for to spede loke þou knowe wel þin .A.B.C. þin Pater noster . and þin Crede. Amen.

The text features mirrored handwriting on f. 12v.

eVK2 7224.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 211
3. 12v (lower margin)
Note on the three parts of an egg [written in mirrored handwriting]
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 12v (lower margin) Sunt oui partes albumen testa vitellus
4. 14v
Rules for understanding the properties of sun (gold), moon (silver, and mercury
Language(s): Middle English text with some Latin
Rubric: 14v alia regula
Incipit: 14v Now trewly þe sunne is most worthy planete . The sunne þei take for gold and clepyn yt masculyn actyf hed and kyng of þis scyeus the mone þei vnderstande syulver and is clepyd ffemina passif and lady of þis sciens quyk syluer ys a mene to joyne tynctures hauyng a name þat is seyd aqua permanens
Explicit: 14v but yt may be turnyd into cler water with þe whech þou mayst wasche þe and anoynte þe etcaetera quere ista regula in alio libro
eVK2 3792.00
5. 15r-15v
Dialogue on alchemy
Language(s): Middle English text with a Latin title
Rubric: 15r Dixit filius patri suo
Incipit: 15r Now ffadyr j wele Gow schewe þe preuyte and þe praktyf of þis sciens ȝeue tent þerto now and vndyrstone wel myn techyng. Tak .Osmura. or .Alnunga. j. [ounce]. and make þer of .Elamytael.
Explicit: 15v þe wech ne myȝt not be before for here felthe and bustusnesse and growyth in hem and waxeth and multiplyeth wonderly meche
eVK2 3711.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 385
6. 15r-17r
Semita Recta (poem) Pseudo-Albertus Magnus
Language(s): Middle English poem with a Latin title
Rubric: 15v Semita Recta Albertus peribet testimonium
Incipit: 15v-16r Off all þe weys þat I knowe be est or be weste / Euere holde I þis path for on of þe beste / ffor þis is þe ryȝt path good and sure / A lixer made of 2 thynges be kende of nature / It makyth good lune of mercurye yf o part be put þerto / A part vpon an 100 of mercury ys sol ryȝt good also / And of lune þe same yf þou welt wele do / on part of 300 yf yt be cast þerto / In þe cyte of Damaske was Albert dwellyng / And as he wente be weldernesse in a somery morwenyng / There he mette wyth Elchyȝel fayre and fre / þe queen of elphys lond vndyr an ev tre
Explicit: 16v-17r qyod elchiȝel Tyl yt ys waxe nere whyȝth / Take þanne Animul good and pure / and dyssolue hym in ȝour water sure / half an vnce and 3 ȝ of erucaem þerto / and Ioyne hem all togedre so

This is one of two copies of a poem which imagines a dialogue between Albertus Magnus and Elchyȝell, the Queen of Elves, in which she teaches him a recipe with which mercury can be turned into silver and gold and silver turned into gold. The other copy can be found in London, British Library, Sloane MS 3580 B (ff. 183v-184v) [see Grund (2004), passim]. This poem is different from the Latin prose text with the title Semita Recta (also associated with Pseudo-Albertus Magnus). Another hand has addex ‘extractum’ (or ‘exemplum’) ‘Doweld’ at the end of the poem.

eVK2 3860.00
IMEV 2614
NIMEV 2614
DIMEV 4141-1
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 177 xx
Grund (2004), pp. 657-658 [edition]
7. 17r-17v
Collection of six alchemical recipes
Language(s): Latin and Middle English
Incipit: 17r De balneo philosophi . Ignis fumi sic fit
Explicit: 17v quan yt is congellyd to a ston take it fro þe feere and breke þi glas etcaetera

The fourth recipe contains cypher for some of its ingredients (e.g. ‘Sblpfater’ for ‘Salpater’); the fifth recipe is accompanied by a chart of numbers.

eVK2 8090.00
Singer and Anderson (1928-1931), no. 1111 xxxiii
8. 17v
A list of names or invocation of angelic or demonic spirits
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 17v Oberyon Ascaryel Bletthe ssybbylla

Full transcription. A previously unnoticed and untranscribed (?) 15th-century addition. Their names can all be found in early modern necromantic rituals. For example, the so-called Folger Book of Magic ( Washington, Folger Shakespeare Library, V.b.26, Part 1 and Part 2 ), a late 16th-century grimoire, features descriptions and conjurations of the spirits ‘Oberyon’ (I, pp. 76, 113, 115-116, 185, 190-200); ‘Ascariell’ [‘Askariell’] (I, pp. 169-170); ‘Byleth’ (I, pp. 78, 87); and ‘Sibilla’ (II, p. 228). What is especially interesting is that the Folger Book of Magic, identifies ‘Oberyon’ [Oberon] as 'kinge of the fayries' who can reveal hidden treasure and how it can be obtained. His name in Cambridge, Trinity College, MS R.14.44 then resonates with the alchemical poem on 15r-17r in which Elchizel, Queen of Fairies, provides instructions on how to make silver and gold. Ultimately, all the spirits listed on f. 17v may have been invoked for obtaining wealth.

9. 17v
Note with reference to Bastwick and Repps, Norfolk
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 17v Notum sit j omnibus quod quidam fabricatur de bastwek in comitatu norffolcensis littera pacis optauit contra curatum de repps et quidem curatus nuncquam occacionem ei dedi pulicum sit vobis quis [...] ius fecit

Full transcription attempted.

10. 18r
Account notes
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 18r Item John Sobeney of Saham
Explicit: 18r Item þe seyd iohn for a mattocke - viijd

The list refers to persons from ‘Saham’ [M.R. James (1901): Soham, Cambridgeshire; LALME: Saham Toney, Norfolk]; ‘ffordam’ [Fordham, Cambridgeshire], ‘Ely’ [Ely, Cambrdidgeshire], ‘Hadenham’ [Haddenham, Cambridgeshire], ‘Nectwn’ [Necton, Norfolk]; and ‘þe parkez of Cartelynge’. The latter is not identified in Mooney (1995) but probably refers to Kirtling, Cambridgeshire.

11. 18v
Notes relating to a recipe
Language(s): Middle English

Mooney (199), p. 46 gives a full transcription: ‘A pownd of sanfyre ij pound of vitreol and a vnce of alum and a vnce of sal petre’. The recipe is probably a second attempt, with the first one (above it) erased [but still legible with UV light].

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 2r: as þe philisophers
Form: codex
Support: Paper, folded in folio. Folios 1-18: ? cross, ? tun, grapes.
Extent: Codex: 18 leaves. 215 × 145 mm.

Collation

Quires 11 and 12 may be a single quire of four leaves with two leaves added at the end.

  • Quire 98 (ff. 1-8)
  • Quire 104 (ff. 9-12)
  • Quire 114 (ff. 13-16)
  • Quire 12two (ff. 17-18)

Roman numerals in brown ink in the lower outer corners of the rectos of the first halves of Quires 9-12.

Catchwords in frames of brown ink in the lower inner corners of the last versos of Quires 9-10.

Layout

160-170 × 105-120 mm. Ruled in ink, frame only. Single columns. lines to the page, written below top line.

Hand(s)

Folios 1r-17v have been copied by a single scribe working in a cursive hand with anglicana features.

Folios 17v-18v feature additions by a few scribes working in a cursive hands with both anglicana and secretary features.

Decoration

Large (2 lines) plain initials in red ink.

Titles written in brown and red ink; names of authorities within the text, sub-headings and numbers in margins written in red ink.

Linefilllers in red ink.

Initials (1 line) occasionally higlighted in red ink (especially in the alchemical poem on ff. 15v-17r).

Paraphs in red ink.

Underlining in red ink.

History

Origin: 15th century (probably the second half of the century). ; England.

Additional Information

Record Sources

This catalogue entry draws on M.R. James, The Western Manuscripts in the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge: A Descriptive Catalogue, 2 (1901); Linne R. Mooney, Manuscripts in the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge The Index of Middle English Prose, Handlist XI (Woodbridge: Brewer, 1995); and Anke Timmermann, 'Alchemy in Cambridge: An Annotated Catalogue of Alchemical Texts and Illustrations in Cambridge Repositories', Nuncius: Journal of the Material and Visual History of Science, 30:2 (2015). .

Availability

Visitors to Trinity College who wish to consult Special Collections material are required to apply to the Library in advance of their visit. For information on eligibility and admission procedures see: Trinity College: Information for Readers.

Bibliography

    The Western Manuscripts in the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge: A Descriptive Catalogue, James, M.R. (Cambridge, 2, Cambridge University Press, 1901) Catalogue of Latin and Vernacular Alchemical Manuscripts in Great Britain and Ireland: Dating from before the XVI Century, Singer, Dorothea Waley (Brussels, Maurice Lamertin, 1928) Alchemical Texts in Middle English Verse: Corrigenda and Addenda Ambix, Robbins, Rossell Hope (13, 62-73, 1966) A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English, McIntosh, AngusSamuels, M.L.Benskin, Michael (Aberdeen, Aberdeen University Press, 1986) Manuscripts in the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge Index of Middle English prose, Mooney, Linne R. (Woodbridge, D.S. Brewer, 1995) The Dissolution of the Lancastrian Kingship: Sir John Fortescue and the Crisis of Monarchy in Fifteenth-Century England, Gross, Anthony (Stamford, Watkins, 1996) Works of Science and Information A Manual of the Writings in Middle English 1050-1500, Keiser, George R. (New Haven, CT, The Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1998) Albertus Magnus and the Queen of Elves: A 15th-Century English Verse Dialogue on Alchemy Anglia, Grund, Peter (122, 4, 640-662, 2004) Verse and Transmutation: A Corpus of Middle English Alchemical Poetry (Critical Editions and Studies), Timmermann, Anke (Leiden, Brill, 2013) Alchemy in Cambridge: An Annotated Catalogue of Alchemical Texts and Illustrations in Cambridge Repositories Nuncius: Journal of the Material and Visual History of Science, Timmermann, Anke (30, 2, 345-511, 2015) <hi rend="italics">The crafte of lymmyng</hi> and <hi rend="italics">The maner of steynyng</hi>: Middle English Recipes for Painters, Stainers, Scribes and Illuminators Early English Text Society (Series). Original series, (Oxford, Published for the Early English Text Society by the Oxford University Press, 2016) Alchemy and Exemplary Narrative in Middle English Poetry, , (2018) Alchemy in the Vernacular: An Edition and Study of Early English Witnesses of The Mirror of Alchemy, Norja, Sara (Turku, 2021, https://www.utupub.fi/handle/10024/151694) Alchemy and Exemplary Poetry in Middle English Literature, Runstedler, Curtis (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2023) The Medieval New: Ambivalence in an Age of Innovation The Middle Ages Series, Ingham, Patricia Clare (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2915)

Funding of Cataloguing

Wellcome (cataloguing). All images provided by Trinity College, Cambridge.

Digital Images

Cambridge Digital Library