Cambridge, Trinity College, MS O.9.38
A commonplace book with literary works in verse and prose
Contents
Language(s): Latin, Middle English, English
Four lines of weather lore (similar to the modern 'Red sky at night...' etc.) in Latin. Later addition by Hand X. There is a faint inscription by Hand T at the top of the page, ‘IHC Marcy lady hel[pp]’, cf. ff. 40r, 54v, 59r.
Later addition by Hand X.
Rigg identifies these lines as 'the changes of the moon, probably from a calendar'. Later addition by Hand X.
The text is badly damaged by a large damp-stain.
The title and first line are obscured by damp.
The addition of the title is by Hand A, the identification of Walter Map (now uncertain) is in Hand E. Likewise, the final rubric is written in two hands, that of Hands T and A. The manuscript shelfmark added to the top of f. 2r: ‘Bib. Cott. Vesp. E. XII.’ is by Hand E, in reference to another manuscript containing this poem (London, British Library, Cotton MS Vespasian E XII).
An edition of this poem (though not from this manuscript) is printed in Strecker, Die Apokalypse des Golias (1928). See also Wright, Mapes (1841), pp. 1-20.
On the discomforts of marriage, formerly attributed to Walter Map. The title on f. 7r is a later addition by Hand A; further titles heading ff. 7v, and 8r are by Hand B. A marginal scribble on f. 8r (‘per me’) is now scored out.
The text has been printed (though not from this manuscript) in Wright, Mapes (1841), pp. 77-85.
Full transcription. Later addition by Hand B, entered between the final line and rubric of item 7.
Hand A has added the title. Printed by Wright, Mapes (1841), pp. 187-90 from other sources.
Title by Hand A.
Religious dream allegory. Title added and deleted by Hand A, and an alternative title by Hand A is added in the top margin of f. 12r: ‘de Musica et Organis’.
The speaking parts are indicated in the margins. Later title added by Hand C at the top of f. 13r: ‘Aqua et vinum’.
Printed (though not from this manuscript) in Wright, Mapes (1841), pp. 87-92.
Title is a later addition by Hand C: the ironic addition of ‘bonum latina’ is written in yet another hand.
On the properties of seven English cities 'in a mixture of dog-Latin and English'.
The title is a later addition by Hand A.
Description of Henry VI's entry into Paris in December 1431, from the 1445 continuation of the London Chronicle or Brut. Two-part title added by two different hands, A (‘A Triumphe’) and E (‘of K. Henry VI’).
Title added by Hand A over two facing pages; further subheadings in the text are all in the hand of T.
Anti-feminist satire. Title added by Hand D.
Title added by Hand D.
Complaint against the dangers of speaking the truth. Title added by Hand D.
Title added by Hand D.
Moral refrain-ballade. Title by Hand D.
Moral verses, found only in this manuscript. Title added by Hand D.
Title added by Hand D.
Title added by Hand D. Lydgate's authorship of this anti-feminist poem is discussed more fully in Rigg, 'Some Notes' (1966).
Full transcription. Later addition by Hand B.
Verse epitaph on Joseph of Arimathea, who was believed to have been buried at Glastonbury. Not in Walther. Title in two hands, T (‘Epitaphium’) and A (‘D. Joseph’). Hand A has also corrected the incipit.
‘Chimera’ has been added later by Hand B in the margin.
Full transcription. A line from Peter Comestor's Historia Scholastica.
A poem in two parts: ll. 1-220 on the power of money, and ll. 229-836 on the invincibility of death. Aside from Walther, not recorded.
Title, heading on f. 31r (‘Mors inexorablilis’), and final rubric have all been added by Hand A. Marginal note ‘de Pecunia’ (f. 31r) perhaps by Hand B.
This version is unique to this manuscript. Title and final rubric were added by Hand A.
Proverb. Later addition by Hand A, most probably commenting on item 31.
The title is a later addition by Hand A.
The scribe seems to have begun the item ‘hoth’, only later to correct themselves and start the item again on another line with ‘ho hath’. A later hand has added a faint ‘w’ to the incipit.
Not in Walther.
Prose narrative relating a wager between two knights on the fidelity of one's wife. Well known as a source for Shakespeare's Cymbeline, and from Boccaccio's Decameron.
The page is headed with the prayer exhortation ‘Jhesus Mercy Lady helpp’ by Hand T (cf. ff. 1r, 54v, and 59r).
Otherwise unrecorded.
On St Joseph of Nazareth (spouse of the Virgin Mary) and Joseph of Arimathea.
Apparently unique to this manuscript. Title in two parts later added by Hand D (‘estas et hiems’) and A (‘earum contentio’).
Title by Hand D. Printed (though not from this manuscript) in Analecta Hymnica Medii Aevi (1886-1922), vol. 33, pp. 292-94; see also Wright, Mapes (1841), pp. 52-54.
Apparently unique to the manuscript.
Not in Walther. Title added by Hand D.
Unique to this manuscript.
Full transcription. In other manuscripts, these lines are the conclusion to a moral tale about greed.
Stephen Deverell, monk of Glastonbury, verses on ingratitude, otherwise unrecorded.
Title added later by Hand D.
Verses advising against hasty speech. Title added by Hand D, but ‘Jhesus’ by Hand T.
Title a later addition by Hand A.
The first of a group of four poems on friars (see items 54, 55, and 56), the first two commending, and the second two attacking them. Rigg notes how the first and last concern Oxford, and how item 55 is probably a reply to this poem.
Folio 54v headed ‘Jhc mercy lady helpp’ by Hand T (cf. ff. 14, 40r, 59r).
Antifraternal verses.
Antifraternal verses. Otherwise unrecorded.
Note on non-celebrant priests, attributed to Bede here, though not recognised as his.
Satirical verses on the people of Norfolk. Hand T has added the heading ‘Jhesus Mercy lady help’ to f. 59r (cf. ff. 1r, 40r, 54v).
See also:
- Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.6.17, ff. 29v-30r
- Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 405, f. 251r
- Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College College, MS 190/223, f. 1r
Full transcription.
A lament of the Virgin Mary over the death of her son.
See also next item.
See also previous item.
Later addition by Hand B.
Full transcription.
Full transcription.
Full transcription.
Later addition by Hand B.
Full transcription. Later addition by Hand B.
Latin translation (c. 1436-38) of a tale from Boccaccio's Decameron about Sigismunda and Guiscardo. Title heading on several folios (‘de Tancredo’) by Hand A.
Edited from other sources in Dreves and Blume, Analecta Hymnica (1886-1922), I, pp. 163-64.
On the dangers of swearing by the mass. Faint title by Hand A heading the page.
See Patrologia Latina, 75, cols 105-106 (II, Ch. 44).
A title by Hand C is later added to the top of f. 71r (‘Hilda Martyr’). Not in Walther. Another copy apparently extant in the 18th century is not known to have survived.
Conventual rations as prescribed by Henry de Blois (d. 1171), abbot of Glastonbury Abbey 1126-1171.
Later addition to the manuscript by Hand A. The identity of ‘R. Jax’ remains unclear.
Letter from Nicholas Frome, abbot of Glastonbury 142-1456 (note his signature before the list of cardinals: ‘per Nichlaum abbatem Glastoniensem ’).
Later addition by Hand A.
Prose History of the Holy Cross, imperfect owing to damage to the manuscript. Unprinted, but for a copy derived from another source see Horstmann, 'Nachräge zu den Legenden', pp. 465-70
Later addition by Hand A, dated 23rd January 1558 (1559), though Rigg (1968) suggests that ‘the date [...] cannot be that on which the entry was made in the MS’.
Prose life of Pontius Pilate, imperfect owing to damage to the manuscript.
Prose life of Judas, imperfect owing to damage to the manuscript.
Architectural allegory, unidentified.
Later addition by Hand A.
Verses and prayers on St Urith, patron saint of Chittlehampton. Not in Walther, and otherwise unrecorded.
Later addition by Hand A
Later addition by Hand A.
Possible later marks of ownership by Hand A, followed by a Latin note in prose. Both texts are badly damaged.
Later addition by Hand A, who returned to his note to correct it.
Another list of kings (see also previous item). Later addition by Hand A, who returned to this note to correct it.
Topical verses in two parts: the anonymous first section is an attack on Sir Richard Gresham, the second (a reply) is by Richard Sherry. This defective text can be mostly reconstructed from Twyne's transcript (c. 1634; see further under Provenance) made before this leaf was damaged. Later addition by Hand A.
Later addition by Hand A.
The text is badly damaged. Later addition by Hand A.
The text is badly damaged. Later addition by Hand A.
The text is badly damaged. Later addition by Hand A.
Later addition by Hand A.
Later addition by Hand X.
The text is badly damaged. Cf. items 98-99 and 105. Later addition by Hand A.
The text is badly damaged. Later addition by Hand X.
Later addition by Hand X.
Prayer by the Holy Name of Jesus and the Passion, apparently with an indulgence for ‘Ml cccc lxxv yerys’. Later addition by Hand X. Much of the leaf has been torn or worn away causing loss of text.
Later addition by Hand X. Mooney (1995) transcribes it ‘London ys a corone’. Both Rigg (1966) and Mooney (1995) consider it as the heading to the next item but it is unclear whether the heading is related. The colour of the ink suggests that this is a separate entry.
The note is perhaps cancelled by a long diagonal penstroke. Later addition by Hand X.
Later addition by Hand A. See the Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs, 3rd edn. (1970), p. 224 (first allusion in Ascham's Scholemaster, 1570).
Physical Description
Written on paper but with part of its original parchment binding reused as an endleaf (see f. [i]).
Paper, folded in folio. Folios 1-88, 90, 89: three watermarks, including an an armorial tower; a sickle; and a gauntleted hand. For further details on the watermarks, see Rigg, A Glastonbury Miscellany (1968), p. 3.19th or 20th-century foliation:
[a]-[e] + [i] + 1-61, 63-88, 90, 89 + [f]
Numbering in pencil in the upper and lower right-hand corners of the rectos by two different modern foliators. The one in the lower right-hand corners is much fainter than the other but corresponds with the one in the upper right-hand corners. From f. 63 onwards, there is a third modern foliation in pencil. This most recent attempt at foliation is followed in this catalogue record, which misses out f. '62' (for unexplained reasons: there appears to be no lacuna here). From f. 63 onwards, this foliator has crossed out the numbers in the upper right-hand corners of the rectos, thereby amending the numbers '62'-'87' to '63'-'88', and '88' to '89' (the numbers in the lower right-hand corners have been left unchanged). The final two leaves of the manuscript are now bound in the wrong order, thus f. 88 is followed by f. 90, and then by f. 89.
Folios [a]-[e] are five early modern and modern paper flyleaves at the beginning and f. [f] is one paper flyleaf at the end of the manuscript. Folios [c]-[e] have been foliated with letters in the upper right-hand corners of the rectos (respectively: ‘b’, ‘e’, and ‘d’) but these are ignored in this catalogue record. Instead, the paper flyleaves have been given a letter sequence that follows the alphabetical order and the letters have been placed between square brackets in order to indicate that they have been supplied.
Folio [i] is an unfoliated leaf, consisting of the front cover of the manuscript's medieval vellum binding, that has been allocated a Roman number in order to distinguish it from the paper flyleaves. This number has been placed between square brackets in order to indicate that it has been supplied.
Collation
- Quire 116 (ff. 1-16)
- Quire 212 (ff. 17-28)
- Quire 312-1 (ff. 29-39: 3rd leaf missing)
- Quires 4-512 (ff. 40-64)
- Quire 612-1 (ff. 65-75: 6th leaf missing)
- Quire 716-1 (ff. 76-89: 14th leaf missing)
This formula is the same as that found by Rigg before the manuscript was repaired. Note that all quires are now separated by 2 modern paper guards.
Condition
The manuscript is fragile and, in places, badly damaged. When described in 1729 it was already said to be 'very rotten'. Many leaves towards the end (from f. 65 onwards) are frayed to the tops, sides, and feet, leaving many lacunae in the texts. Modern repairs have stabilised the condition of the manuscript.
Folios 90 and 89 are fragments and have repaired in modern times with (blank) paper leaves, reconstructing the original sizes of both pages. The edges and corners of many of the leaves throughout the manuscript have similarly been reparied with modern paper. A large damp stain (probably dating to between 1561 and 1634, see further below) has affected the first 9 leaves and rendered the text partially illegible. This stain is also evident in the original binding. About an inch-long strip was cut from the top of f. 70 without apparent loss of text.
As note on the inside of the front cover, the manuscript was repaired in 1969.
Layout
235-260 × 70-85 mm.
No ruling visible. Texts written in a single columns throughout. Number of lines to the page dependent on the scribe and the type of text. For main scribe T, approximately 40-55 lines to the page.
Hand(s)
The description of the hands below is based on the work of A.G. Rigg who distinguishes a total of seven hands in the manuscript (for further details, see: 'Edition' (1966), vol. 1, pp. xvii-xx; and A Glastonbury Miscellany (1968), pp. 5-7).
Main scribe T (presumably a Glastonbury monk) was responsible for most of its contents. T wrote their manuscript in various stages, however, witnessed by changes of ink and the changing of pens or the sharpening of nibs. Their hand is practised and mostly very legible, displaying a mixture of cursive anglicana and secretary features. Typical anglicana features include reverse ‘e’, a long or v-shaped ‘r’ descending below the level of the line, and a sigma-shaped final ‘s’. The single-compartmented ‘g’ and the relatively simple form of ‘w’ are, however, from the secretary range. For ‘a’ the scribe mostly writes the simple single-compartmented secretary form within words, but uses the double-compartmented anglicana graph when the letter stands on its own. T freely varies his selection of letter forms, depending on their speed of writing.
Hand X copied items 1-3, 106, 108-10, and 112. The explicit to item 112 may either record the number of years of the indulgence, or indeed the date of the note, 1475, and thus, approximately, of X's additions. This date would fit with the paleographical evidence of Hand X.
Hand D, working in a cursive script with both anglicana and secretary features was responsible for the addition of titles to the following items: 18-25, and 39-40, 43, 48-49.
Hand A, working in a script with both secretary and anglicana features, was responsible for the most extensive additions to the manuscript. Hand A expertly annotated many of T's texts, interpolating notes and corrections (a full record of these has been made by Rigg in ‘Edition’ (1966); see the notes in vol. 1), and adding titles. In addition, Hand A contributed the following items: 32, 84, 87, 89, 93, 95-106, and 113. Rigg suggests that scribe A may have gone by the name of ‘Sowdene or Pydsloy’ (see item 97). A's latest datable addition is item 101, on 4th June 1561. It seems most likely that all their additions were made in the early reign of Elizabeth I.
Hand B: a sloping, right-leaning humanistic cursive hand wrote a small emendation to item 7 (see left margin of f. 4v), inserted some titles, and added five proverbs at relevant places in the manuscript: items 8, 26, 70, 74-75. Since some of B's proverbs were copied by Brian Twyne in 1623, B's entries must have been added before this year.
Hand E: only responsible for the addition of a manuscript shelfmark on f. 2r (see item 6).
Hand C, perhaps the hand of Roger Gale (b. 1672, d. 1744), antiquary, and the manuscript's owner in the eighteenth century. Gale added a list of contents to f. [i] verso, and titles to items 12-13, and 82.
Decoration
Small and large (1 or 2 lines) initials in red ink with minor forms of decoration at the beginning of works (e.g. see 2r, 7r, 29r, 31r, 3r), but occasionally also used within texts (see f. 44r.
Regular initials in brown ink highlighted with red ink on f. 44r only.
Additions
The manuscript contains a list of contents in Latin on f. [i] recto (beginning: ‘satyrica in monachos’; and ending: ‘Glaston: fratribus 2obus’) that selectively lists entries between items 6 and 83. This list is a later addition by Hand C, perhaps that of Roger Gale (added c. 1729).
The manuscript contains modern notes about publications on the manuscript in pencil added to f. [b] verso.
Binding
Half white vellum binding with plue paper sides over (?) wooden boards; 5 raised bands on the spine and three paper labels with the printed alpha-numerical elemens of the current classmark: ‘O’, ‘9’, and ‘38’. Repaired 1969.
Binding height: 305 mm; width 115 mm; depth: 25 mm.
One cover of the manuscript's original binding, consiting of white vellum, has been reused as a flyleaf for this manuscript, now f. [i]. At the top of this leaf is a series of small cuts which is the result of the sewing used to connect the piece of parchment to another piece.
History
Judging by the appearance of the handwriting, the main scribe was at work around the middle of the fifteenth century, For the approximate dating of the later additions, see above. Three items copied by the main scribe T are datable from internal or external evidence: 1431 for item 16 (Henry VI's entry into Paris); 1436-38 for item 76 (Bruni's translation of Boccaccio); and 9 June 1434 for item 85 (Nicholas Frome's letter from Cologne). Other texts are of the fourteenth century, or indeed even older.
Provenance and Acquisition
One of the manuscripts of Glastonbury Abbey , Benedictine monastery: the manuscript was almost certainly compiled by a monk of Glastonbury Abbey. It started life as an account book (see item 4) but its purpose changed quickly with the inclusion of many literary texts. The manuscript's contents link it strongly with Glastonbury Abbey: the accounts were those of the abbey, but many literary texts also relate to Glastonbury, its monks, abbots, and its legendary founder Joseph of Arimathea. Its links with the abbey are further explored by Rigg, Glastonbury Miscellany (1968). See also Ker (1964), p. 90.
Following the dissolution of Glastonbury Abbey in 1539, Hand A may have been one of the manuscript's earliest owners. Working in the reign of Elizabeth I, their entries indicate that they owned or had access to the manuscript between c. 1550-1560. At some time soon after this, the manuscript was seriously damaged in some places by damp.
One of the manuscripts of Sir Robert Bruce Cotton (1571-1631) , 1st Baronet of Connington, antiquary and politician. The manuscript was part of his library of about 1000 manuscripts. Although the manuscript does not feature Cotton's usual marks of ownership - such as his ownership inscription or a contents-table by one of his librarians - his ownerhip can be confirmed from transcripts of this manuscript that were made by scholars who refer to it as being in Cotton's collection. Around 1628, the manuscript served as a copy-text for Richard James (1592–1638), librarian of the Cotton library. His extracts survive in Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS James 7 (the following items were copied: items 33 and 55 in full, and excerpts from 7, 13, 53, 56, 69, and 85).
Sir Thomas Cotton (1594-1662), 2nd Baronet of Connington: inherited the manuscript as part of the library of his father, Sir Robert bruce Cotton (see above). This can be confirmed from transcripts that were made in or after 1634 by the Oxford antiquary Brian Twyne (1581–1644). The latter borrowed the manuscript from Cotton's library, copying longer stretches of text. The survival of Twyne's manuscript ( Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Twyne 24) has made it possible to reconstruct damaged texts. Another Oxford scholar and antiquary, Anthony Wood (1632-1695), refers to Twyne's transcriptions, but seems not to have known the original manuscript. It is unknown exactly when the manuscript permanently left the Cotton library but it may have been before the latter was passed down to Sir John Cotton (1621-1702), 3rd baronet of Connginton, son of Sir Thomas Cotton (see above) and grandson of Sir Robert Bruce Cotton (see above) who bequeathed the entire collection to the nation, subsequently becoming one of the foundation collections of the British Museum in 1753. There is no evidence that Sir John Cotton owned the manuscript.
Possibly one of the manuscripts of Thomas Gale (1635/6-1702) , dean of York, antiquary and fellow of Trinity College Cambridge: perhaps part of his vast collection of manuscripts that he passed down to his sown Roger Gale (see below) but no evidence exists for this.
One of the manuscripts of Roger Gale (1672-1744) , antiquary and scholar, son of Thomas Gale. Perhaps inherited from his father. Roger Gale refers to the manuscript in a letter dated 22 February 1729 to the antiquary Thomas Hearne 1678–1735) [see Oxford, Bodleian Library, Rawlinson letters 6, no. 40]. The latter received transcriptions from Gale (of item 53), and later borrowed the manuscript to make further transcriptions, and to print several items (see Remarks and Collections of Thomas Hearne Vol. X, ed. by Herbert Edward Salter, Oxford Historical Society Series, 67 (Oxford: Clarendon Press for the Oxford Historical Society, 1915), pp. 119-120).
Donated to Trinity College by Roger Gale (1672-1744), son of Thomas Gale (1635/6-1702), in 1738. The alpha-numerical elements of its current classmark are printed on three labels pasted onto the spine: ‘O’, ‘9’, ‘38’). The current classmark is also inscribed in brown ink on f. [i] recto together with the old classmark references: ‘260’ and ‘E.23’.
Additional Information
Record Sources
The description of the manuscript was revised in 2024 by Clarck Drieshen, as part of Curious Cures in Cambridge Libraries, a two-year Wellcome-funded Research Resources Project based at Cambridge University Library. The revised description draws on M.R. James, The Western Manuscripts in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge: A Descriptive Catalogue, 3 (1902), A.G. Rigg, A Glastonbury Miscellany of the Fifteenth Century: A Descriptive Index of Trinity College, Cambridge, MS. O.9.38 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968); and Margaret Connolly, Manuscripts in the University Library, Cambridge (Dd-Oo), Index of Middle English Prose 19 (2009), pp. 312-19.
Availability
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Collection, (2015, https://trinitycollegelibrarycambridge.wordpress.com/2015/07/08/st-urith-of-chittlehampton/)
‘[W]ho so wyl a gardener be’: arboriculture in late medieval and early modern commonplace
books Doing History in Public, Flannigan, Laura (2018, https://doinghistoryinpublic.org/2018/09/25/who-so-wyl-a-gardener-be-arboriculture-in-late-medieval-and-early-modern-commonplace-books/#_ftnref3)
Funding of Cataloguing
Arts and Humanities Research Council (digital images and description).
Wellcome (revised description).
Digital Images
Abbreviations
View list of abbreviations and editorial conventions.
