Cambridge, St John's College, MS B.15
Medical treatises and recipes
Physical Description
Part 1 was foliated continuously in brown ink in the early modern period, perhaps the 16th century. Part 2 was foliated continously in brown ink in the 15th century. Part 3 was foliated partially in pencil in the 20th century.
[i]-[iii], [a]-[b] + 1:1-1:55, [1:56]-[1:57] | 2:3-2:12, 2:15-2:27, 2:29-2:44, 2:99-2:100, 2:102-2:107, 2:130, 2:141-2:143 | 3:1-3:52 + [iv]-[vi]
The leaf that is here identified as f. 44 does not feature the number '44' but this number almost certainly was once written on its original upper right-hand corner. However, this corner was torn off and later repaired with blank paper. Since this leaf was originally intended to be foliated, the number '44' is here not placed between square brackets. Part numbers were added to the manuscript's foliation in order to differentiate repeating folio numbers between the three parts (e.g. f. 1:1; f. 2:1; and f. 3:1); and the numbers [i]-[vi], [a]-[b], and [1:56]-[1:57] were assigned to unfoliated leaves for the purposes of this electronic record when the manuscript was examined in 2023 for the Curious Cures in Cambridge Libraries project.Collation
This collation deviates from James (1913) and Claire Jones (2000). These differences are further explained in the collations for the separate parts.
- Quire 112-2 (ff. 1:1-1:10: 1st-2nd leaves missing)
- Quire 210 (ff. 1:11-1:20)
- Quire 312 (ff. 1:21-1:32)
- Quire 412-1 (ff. 1:33-1:43: 7th leaf cancelled)
- Quire 510 (ff. 1:44-1:53)
- Quire 6four (ff. 1:54-1:[57]) |
- Quire 712-2 (ff. 2:3-2:12: 1st-2nd leaves missing)
- Quire 818-4+1 or 20-5 (ff. 2:11-2:30: 1st, 2nd, and 16th leaves missing, and 13th leaf cancelled)
- Quire 912+2 (ff. 2:31-2:42: 2 (?) added leaves after 12)
- Quire 108 (ff. 2:99-2:107)
- Quire 118-4 (ff. 2:138-2:143: 5th-8th leaves missing; 1st leaf may be from another quire) |
- Quire 126 (ff. 3:1-3:63)
- Quires 13-1412 (ff. 3:7-3:30)
- Quire 1510 (ff. 3:31-3:40)
- Quire 1612 (ff. 3:41-3:52)
112-2 (1st and 2nd leaves missing) 210 312 412-1 (7th leaf cancelled) 510 6four | 712-2 (1st-2nd leaves missing) 818-4+1 or 20-5 (1st, 2nd, and 16th leaves missing, and 13th leaf cancelled) 912+2 (?2 added leaves after 12th leaf) 108 118-4 (or 8-5+1 (5th-8th leaves missing; 1st leaf may be from another quire) | 126 13-1412 1510 1612
Additions
The manuscript features a table of contents added by the same 17th-century hand that recorded its donation to St John's College on the front pastedown.
A note on hours of daylight in September added in a 16th-century hand to f. [i] recto: ‘September xij nocte vel xiij mane’.
A description of the Four Elements in Middle English has been added by a 15th-century hand to f. [i] verso: ‘ffyre hote and drye / herthe colde and drye / water cold and muste / Eyre hote and muste / ffyre acordyth wyth erthe in dryed hete’ (eVK2 1607.00 (v0072470000)).
A medical recipe in Middle English has been added by a 15th-century hand to f. [i] verso: ‘Scabyose stampid rie flore anaye \and/ hony / Scabiose qwyhsyluer gres’.
A tract on the Four Elements and Humours in Latin has been added by a 15th-century hand to f. [ii] verso, beginning: ‘[E]lementum dicitur vnius cuius rei inicium de quo sumitur incrementum in quo soluitur sicut sunt in anno .4. anni partes. sic sunt .4. elementa et .4. humores in homine. Que sunt in .4. qualitates sibi inuicem conueniencia vel discrepancia in modis istius figurae’; and ending: ‘Cum igitur dicta ista figura autumptnis est tempus malancolicum [sic] sic nulla parte anni malecolicis amittatur causa ex qua peruenit huius modi passio et sic effectus .i. ille morbus’.
Quire signatures ('1-16') in the bottom right-hand corner of the recto side of the first leaf of each quire, written in pencil by a hand of the 19th/20th century.
Binding
17th- or 18th-century blind-tooled dark brown leather over pulpboard; spine over five raised band featuring two paper labels with the printed classmark references 'B' and '15'; blue-tained fore-, top-, and tail-edges.
According to a note in pencil on the rear pastedown the manuscript was ‘[r]esewn, rebacked, repaired (leather mending and guarding leaves) by J.P. Gray and Son Ltd November 1967 for £4.10s'.’
Binding height: 200mm; width: 150mm; depth: 40 mm.
History
Provenance and Acquisition
Donated to St John's College by John Gent (d. 1651) , BA St John's College 1625-6, Rector of Birdbrook, Essex, 1632-51: according to a 17th-century donor inscription on the front pastedown: ‘Ex dono Magistri Gent. Ecclesiae Burbrooke in Essexia rectoris hujusque Collegij alumnij nuperi’.
Part 1 [Cambridge, St John's College, MS B.15, ff. 1:1-1:55, [1:56]-[1:57]]
Contents
Language(s): Middle English and Latin
The collection contains a wide variety of recipes, including examples informed by popular beliefs. For instance, a recipe for healing sore eyes (ff. 1:6r-1:6v) uses powder made from a swallow's chick and the gall of a puppy. The recipe instructs one to first prick out the eyes of the swallow's chick with a needle and then return to the next after nine days to find the chick again with restored eyesight. This practice is based on the belief that swallows had a magical stone with which they could heal their young. The recipe reads as follows: ‘Take þe a swalwis brid out þe nest and tak a nedle and prikykyt [sic] in þe eyne til it is blind sithe put aȝen þat brid into þe nest and aftir ix dayes þou schal fynde þat bride wel seande tak þat brid and puttit with al þe fetheris into a clene newe erthene potte and bren it al to pouder take þan þe galle of a sokande qwelpe þat hath sokyd xxx dayes and tak two partes of þe pouder of castor and mdle al þis to gidere and putyt in a sorre eye’ (full transcription).
Other recipes of note include a recipe for an ointment (‘vnguentum diacatum nobilissimum propter omnem gutam etcaetera fit’) that involves and may be named after its first named ingredient, the fat of a ‘yonge blak cat’ (f. 1:8v); a method to make a person sleep and wake them up, entitled: ‘vt homo semper dormiat’ (f. 1:8v); a method to determine whether a woman is pregnant, entitled: ‘To knowen ȝif a wimman be with childe’ (f. 1:12r) and a medical recipe for a venereal disease, entitled: ‘Si virga hominis per mulierem vreatur’ (f. 1:13r); to determine whether a person has leprosy, entitled: ‘To weten ȝif a man be a lepere or not’ (f. 1:13v).
The collection also contains various charms:
- An instruction for making a birthing girdle from cloth and parchment onto which is written a charm to help a pregnant woman deliver a child: ‘To don a wiman be deliuered of a child’ (ff. 1:7v-1:8r) [crossed out].
- Saint William's charm for gout and other ailments: ‘Þis is þe charm of seynt William þat angel gabriel brout him fro oure lord to j armen cristene men for worm and vein and goute and rancle and sor first do singyn a messe in hnour sancti spiritus et tunc dic istud carmen’ (ff. 1:23r-1:23v).
- A charm for healing wounds that involves a lead plate with five crosses on it: ‘A charm to holen a wonde with a plate of led’ (ff. 1:23v-1:24r).
- A charm agains fevers: ‘ffor þe feueris Oracio bona’ (ff. 1:27r-1:27v) [the charm invokes King Edmund the martyr].
- A charm against fevers: ‘Contra febres +’ [the charm invokes 'seven sisters' ('septem sorores'), fever demons who are named after seven types of fever] (ff. 1:27v-1:28r).
- A charm for healing a wound or sore: ‘A charm for a wonde and for a sorre’ (f. 1:28r).
The collection also contains recipes that are not strictly aimed at healing:
- Methods to control animals, including one to to prevent birds from nesting in trees: ‘To kacchen briddis fro here nisterlynge’ (ff. 1:6v-1:7r and another one to drive flies away: ‘ffor to don a wey flies’ (f. 1:8r).
- A method to determine whether a woman is pregnant of a child and whether the child is a boy or a girl: ‘To knowen ȝif a wiman be with childe’ (f. 1:12r);
- Cosmetic recipes, including recipes to whiten one's teeth: ‘To maken qwite tethe’ (f. 1:13v); ‘To maken qwit teth’ (f. 1:14v); and: ‘To maken a manis tetz qwite’ (f. 1:24v).
Further additions have been made in the margins by a hand of the 16th/17th century (f. 1:11v).
The collection contains a reference to an unidentified medical practioner on f. 1:37v: ‘Pouder of lif þat frere John Bacheler mad and it ȝaf men drinkyn for þe feueres and fo enpostemes’.
The manuscript contains a number of gynaecological recipes:
- A ‘Medicine Magistrat for wimmen’ (f. 1:44v).
- A ‘Medicine to þe art of a midwife’ (f. 1:46r).
- A medicine ‘ffor þe matrice’ (f. 46r).
- A medical bath described as a ‘Medicine in þe malade afor þe matrice’ (f. 1:46r).
The collection contains a few charms: ‘An orison for al maner woondes’ (f. 1:40r); and ‘A charm of blak wolle and oile for wondes’ (ff. 1:40r-1:40v) [this is the so-called Tres Boni Fratres charm].
The collection contains a few instructions for magical applications of the heart of a kite (ff. 1:39v-1:40r: ‘þat no wyld best ne nedder schal harmen no man / Quo bere bere vp on him an herte of a kyte þer schal no neder ne no wild best don him non harm þe herte of a kyte wonden in a lionis skyn or in a woluis fugat demones. þe stalke or þe fedir of a kite bondyn be þe left fot of a wimman and licȝ in gisine schal deliueren hire soon of hire child and qwan þe child is boren do awey faste þe stalke for peril of oþer thinges falande’.
Further additions have been made in the margins by a hand of the 17th century (f. 1:34v).
The recipes have been added by a different 15th-century hand than the collection on ff. 1:34v-1:47r.
The recipes have been added to the lower margin of f. 1:39v by a later 15th-century hand. They are missing the final line(s) of the last recipe due to cropping of the page.
Full transcription; added by a later 15th-century hand.
For making pigments, adhesives and gilded letters. The recipes apparently form a collection. The final line appears to introduce a new section but ends abruptly mid-sentence.
Full transcription.
The tract explains how one can foretell which party shall win a fight, whether the man or the woman in a married couple shall live the longest, and whether a sick man or a woman shall live or die by prognostications based on the letters of their first names.
Part of the text is missing due to cropping of the page.
Below the text is a drawing of the Sphere of Life and Death.
This collection contains tricks with mercury for making a vessel move through the house, bread jump, a bird cry, a finger burn like a candle, and prevent a heated pot from boiling.
Not listed in Chardonnens (2013), 340-366.
Full transcription; the text ends abruptly.
Full transcription; the text ends abruptly.
Full transcription; this is a single line added to the upper margin by another 15th-century hand.
Full transcription.
Full transcription.
The outlines of the sphere are only visible, featuring cross lines to create four fields inside the sphere where information would be entered with which a patient's fate could be determined.
Full transcription.
Added in the late 15th century. For stomach ache, colic, a restorative and a laxative.
Physical Description
Collation
The collation in this record deviates from that of James (1913) where the first quire is defined as a quinternion with its first leaf missing, and that of Claire Jones (2000) where the first quire is defined as an intact quinternion. Although the first quire presently indeed consists of ten leaves, it is clearly missing leaves at the beginning. That at least one leaf is missing is suggested by the fact that the quire opens with a paper leaf but that the quire ends with a parchment leaf. That, in fact, two leaves are missing is evident from the location of the (parchment) inner leaves at ff. 1:4-1:5, and the leaf numbers in the lower margins of the versos which appear to begin with '3' [cropped] and run until '12'. All of this makes clear that the first quire is a sexternion with two missing leaves before f. 1:1.
- Quire 112-2 (ff. 1:1-1:10: 1st-2nd leaves missing)
- Quire 210 (ff. 1:11-1:20)
- Quire 312 (ff. 1:21-1:32)
- Quire 412-1 (ff. 1:33-1:43: 7th leaf cancelled)
- Quire 510 (ff. 1:44-1:53)
- Quire 6four (ff. 1:54-1:[57])
Leaf signatures in Roman numerals written in the lower margins of the versos of pages throughout each quire (f. 1:17 is the exception, where the leaf signature '9' has been written on the recto side), but regularly cropped off.
Catchwords in brown ink in the right-hand lower margins of the last versos of quires.Layout
170 × 120 mm. Ruled in ink, frame only, with occasional line ruling. 34-36 lines to the page, written below top line.
Hand(s)
ff. 1:1r-1:13v and 1:16v-1:47r have been copied by a single scribe in an Anglicana hand.
ff. 1:14r-1:16r have been copied by a single scribe in a cursive script with both Anglicana and and Secretary features.
ff. 1:47r-1:48r have been copied by a single scribe in an upright Anglicana hand.
ff. 1:49r-1:52v have been copied by a single scribe a cursive script with both Anglicana and and Secretary features.
Additions to ff. 1:52v-1:53r are by a single scribe in a Secretary hand.
ff. 1:53r has been copied by a single scribe in an Anglicana hand.
ff. 1:53v-1:54v have been copied by a single scribe in a Bastard Anglicana script.
ff. 1:55r-1:[57] verso have been copied by various scribes in a cursive scripts with with both Anglicana and and Secretary features.
ff. 1:1r-1:47r have been copied by a single scribe in a cursive script with both Anglicana and and Secretary features.
Decoration
Diagram in red ink of a lead plate with five crosses used for a charm to heal wounds on f. 1:23v.
Large (2-line) plain initials in red ink, sometimes with minor foliate motifs inside their letters; one letter features a human face.
A capital letter 'M' decorated with a human face in brown ink on f. 1:12v.
Decorative line-filler consisting of a dragon drawn in red ink on f. 1:9v.
Heading for recipes written in red ink.
Underlining of headings for recipes in red ink.
Regular capitals occasionally highlighted in red ink (e.g. ff. 1:34r-1:34v).
Paraphs in red ink.
History
Part 2 [Cambridge, St John's College, MS B.15, ff. 2:3-2:12, 2:15-2:27, 2:29-2:44, 2:99-2:100, 2:102-2:107, 2:138, 2:141-2:143]
Contents
Language(s): Middle English and Latin
The herbal begins mid-sentence in the description of the medicinal uses of an "Pulogium regale". The first complete entries are for ‘Pulogium montanum’, ‘Quinquefolium’, and ‘Rvta domestica’. It is a previously unidentified copy of a late 14th-century herbal known as "Agnus Castus" (after its opening words, which are missing here). The manuscript is not included in Brodin (1950), pp. 30-31, where 29 extant manuscript copies and 5 early printed copies are listed.
They address the following:
- f. 2:7r: for drunkenness, two for making hair fall out and not grown back, for lice, fleas and mice, for fistula
- f. 2:7v: for fistula, for paralysis of the tongue (?loss of speech) for jaundice, general signs of those suffering from ailments of the spleen ('Generalia singna splenaticorum'), for pain wherever the cause may be, for all kinds of swelling/inflammation, two for toothache
- f. 2:8r: for frenzy/delirium, for colic, for stomach pain, for dropsy, for earache
- f. 2:8v: for all manner of aches caused by blows or wounds
They address the following:
- f. 2:9r: for ache in the wrist or sinews or feet, for rupture in the leg ('For brestyng owt of leggys'), for shingles, for erysipelas ('wyld fyre'), to make a man sweat, two to stop sweating, for clearing a man's voice
- f. 2:9v: for sores under the feet, for agnails, for warts, for removing hair, for removing freckles, for a man infested with sheep louse or similar in his hair, for inducing breastmilk, for inducing/expediting labour, for dropsy, three for frenzy/delirium (the last continuing on f. 2:10r)
- f. 2:10r: for leg pain, for epilepsy ('fallyng euyl'), for loss of speech, for lice, two for making hair grow, for catching birds (continuing on f. 2:10v).
The collection is incomplete due to missing leaves: ff. 2:13-2:14.
They address the following:
- f. 2:11r: two for headache, for toothache, for deafness, for dry cough, two for the heart, two for the stomach, two for the eyes
- f. 2:11v: two for the brain, for ?protuberances caused by leprosy ('For semyng lepyr'), for ?diagnosing measles ('yf þu wylt know ameysel'), for swollen nails, for swellings, for ache in the womb, for saucefleem, for expediting a difficult labour ('ffor a woman þat ys ytrauellyng of chyld') and for treating the mother afterwards, for pockmarks, for a woman with a sore in her head, for sore breasts, for a woman that 'fallyȝth', a charm for stillbirth
- f. 2:12r: for stillbirth, for making hair grow, for scab, for scab on the hand, two for any iron or steel or thorn lodged in the flesh, for swollen glands/glanders, for festered gout, to stop bleeding, for snake or adder in the body, for snakebite, for loss of appetite, for gout
- f. 2:12v: for gout, for cold or hot gout, for dead flesh, for deafness, for menstruation, for rankling/festering, for vomiting, for vomiting of mucus
- f. 2:15r: a charm to stop bleeding (?Longinus charm; begins imperfectly), a charm for toothache, for jaundice, for bleeding in a cow, for toothache, a charm for fevers (invoking Christ encountering St Peter sitting on a stone weeping)
The collection contains a charm for falling evil in a child. The text instructs one to take blood of the patient's little finger and writing the names of the Three Magi in a drinking vessel, wash it with ale or milk, and then give it the child to drink.
This collection largely consists of medical recipes in Latin copied by the same hand, but includes a few Middle English recipes that appear to have been added by a different hand.
They address the following:
- f. 2:15v: a prayer/charm to be recited during bloodletting, to staunch bleeding from a wound
- f. 2:16r: for migraine, two for frenzy/delirium, for eye pain, for toothache, three for bad breath, for stomach pain, for burns
- f. 2:16v: four for swollen penis, for lesion on the penis, for swollen testicles, a plaster for the testicles or penis, for removing all swellings and all pain, for swollen breasts caused by too much breastmilk (citing 'Rog'), for inducing breastmilk, for swelling
- f. 2:17r: for colic, for worms, for stone, for all illnesses or pain present and future as well as itching or scarsm fir for loss of eyesight
- f. 2:17v: for leg pain, for nosebleeds, for swelling, for cleansing the breast, for diagnosing and locating canker
- f. 2:18r: six for red or bloody eyes, for stone in the eyes, for inflammation in the eyes, four for watering eyes
- f. 2:18v: for constipation; for migraine, dropsy, fever or ache in the head; for the spleen; for haemorrhoids
- f. 2:19r: a charm for epilepsy ('Fallyng Euyll') in a young child, to know whether someone has leprosy or not, for speaking in one's sleep, for fleas, for drunkeness
Not in eTK.
Last line crossed out.
This text also occurs in London, British Library, Sloane MS 146, ff. 98r-98v .
Copied by a single hand, imperfect due to a missing leaf between ff. 2:27 and 2:29.
In addition to medical recipes, the collection contains:
- culinary recipes, including recipes for ‘char conse’ and ‘charde wardonys’ (to preserve quinces and warden pears as a sort of jam) on ff. 2:22v-2:23r
- charms, including the so-called Sage Leaf Charm on f. 2:24v; a charm to conjure a sick person to foretell their own fate (whether they shall live or die) on ff. 2:29v-2:30r; a charm against thieves on ff. 2:30v-2:31r a charm for healing a wound (‘ffor to scharme a wond on englyche’) on f. 2:40v; an instruction for making an amulet for a pregnant woman on ff. 2:40v-2:41r; a charm for dysentery (‘blody flyx’) on f. 2:42r; a charm for healing toothache, invoking Sts Apollonia, Nicasius and Cassian, on ff. 2:42v-2:43r; and charm for the falling sickness and fever (‘ffor the fallyng Euylle or for the feuerys’)
Copied by a single hand, imperfect at the beginning due to missing leaves: begins with treatment for stomach ailments and vomiting. Pagination by letter suggests that five leaves of this treatise are missing (first letter is 'F' on f. 2:99r). Medieval foliation skips '101, however does not appear to be missing and the pagination by letter continues without interruption).
Comprises lengthy passages that often encompass multiple remedies, which address the following:
- f. 2:99r: for swelling or inflammation of the penis
- f. 2:99v: for dead flesh, for removing an arrow or thorn, for skull fracture
- f. 2:100r: to stop bleeding; for curing, opening and cleansing wounds, for pain, for dead flesh and for removing tumours (continuing on f. 2:100v)
- f. 2:100v: for broken bones, for rupture/hernia (continuing on f. 2:102r)
- f. 2:102r: for apostemes, for virulent ulcer ('Contra antracem')
- f. 2:102v: for all tumours whether or hot or cold cause ('cure ad omne Ranculum'), for pricking/stinging nerves/sinews/muscles
- f. 2:103r: for relaxing the nerves/sinews/muscles, for gout, for all burns (continuing on f. 2:103v)
- f. 2:103v: for haemorrhoids ('Contra fficubus'), for all kinds of eye ailments (continuing on f. 2:104r)
- f. 2:104r: for deafness, to stop bleeding
- f. 2:104v: for toothache, for bad breath, for whitening the teeth
- f. 2:105r: for freckles
- f. 2:105v: for cough, for ?gangrene ('Contra rancedinem'), for lung ailments (continuing on f. 2:106r)
- f. 2:106r: for pain in the breasts, for restricting the stomach ('Ad stringendum ventrem')
- f. 2:106v: for worms, for stomach pain (continuing on f. 2:107r)
- f. 2:107r: for erysipelas ('De sacro igne'), for insomnia ('Ut homo dormiat') (continuing on f. 2:107v)
- f. 2:107v: for fevers
Copied by a single hand, imperfect due to missing leaves between ff. 2:138 and 2:141. They address the following:
- f. 2:138r: for strangury, for swollen penis, for blood in the urine, for gonorrheam, for kidney pain, for swollen penis
- f. 2:138v: for inflammation of the penis ('For þe yarde scallded'), for burning of the penis ('For þe yarde brent'), for swollen testicles, for burning of the penis, for kidney pain, for scabs on the body
- f. 2:141r: for broken bones, for broken collarbone ('For canell bone broke'), for skull fracture, for aching bones, for blackness after a blow or bruising, for bruising
- f. 2:141v: two for a preparation called oxycroceum ('Oxiracrocium'), for a preparation called nerval ('Narvall')
- f. 2:142r: for a preparation called deute ('dewtye'), for an entreat for cleansing wounds and dead flesh, for a preparation called colman
- f. 2:142v: for a white unguent for the kidneys, mormal, felon, itching, scab and heat arising from corrupt humours; for a red unguent for drying wounds, healing flesh, for canker and fester; for a green unguent for all manner of wounds; for a preparation called populeon ('Popilion')
- f. 2:143r: for making preparations using scammony or aloes, for making turpentine, for an unguent for treating paralysis, for ulceration/swelling of the kidneys, and another added by a 16th-century hand for an unstated purpose
- f. 2:143v: for expediting a difficult labour, for uterine cramps after labour ('For þe afterthrowys'), for stillbirth, for stopping menstruation (blank), for swollen breasts as a consequence of milk, for aching breasts, for swelling/lesion/eruption in the breasts ('For boche in woman breste')
Physical Description
Collation
The collation in this record deviates from James (1913) where quire 7 is defined as a quaternion (ff. 2:3-2:10) and quire 8 as a quire of 18 leaves with one leaf cancelled (ff. 11-30), and Claire Jones (2000) where quire 7 is defined as a quaternion (ff. 2:3-2:10) and quire 8 as a quire of 18 leaves with its 13th leaf cancelled (ff. 2:11-2:30): this catalogue record assumes that quire 7 is a sexternion with 2 missing leaves at its beginning (ff. 2:3-2:12), which explains why there are two paper stubs in front of the quire and the medieval foliation starts at '3'. The location of the thread tackets in the gutter between f. 2:6 and f. 2:7 would support either theory but the original medieval foliation sequence suggests that quire 7 runs until f. 2:12 instead of f. 2:10.
James (1913) and Claire Jones (2000) think that quire 8 runs from f. 2:11 until f. 2:30. This quire would originally have consisted of 18 leaves but one leaf, leaf 13, was cancelled, now represented by a stub between f. 2:24 and f. 2:25. However, this collation disregards breaks in the original medieval foliation that suggest that three more leaves are no longer present: two leaves between f. 2:12 and f. 2:15 (i.e. there are no leaves with the folio numbers '13' and '14') and one leaf between f. 2:27 and f. 2:29 (i.e. there is no leaf with the folio number '28'). These jumps in the foliation coincide with breaks in the texts and with breaks in a medieval sequence of capital letters, organised in alphabetical order, that was added to the outer margins to indicate the beginnings of different sections of the recipes. Consequently, the absent numbers '13', '14', and '28' in the foliation cannot be the result of errors on the part of the foliator and must represent missing leaves.
The observation that three leaves are missing from quire 8, in addition to the cancelled leaf, means that quire 8 would have had at least 21 leaves if it indeed started at f. 11. Placing the quire's start at the missing f. [13] also gives an uneven number: namely, a quire of 19 leaves. It is therefore possible that one leaf was cancelled from the first half of the quire (ff. [2:13]-2:21) or added to the second half of the quire (ff. 2:22-2:30). In other words, quire 8 is likely to have been a quire of 18 with an additional leaf in its second half or a quire of 20 from which one leaf was cancelled in it's first half.
Further foliation breaks suggest that there might be other anomalies in the collation: In quire 10 the foliation jumps from '100' to '102' and in quire 11 it jumps from '138' to '141' but in neither case has it been possible to conclusively determine whether these jumps coincide with breaks in the text.
- Quire 712-2 (ff. 2:3-2:12: 1st-2nd leaves missing)
- Quire 818-4+1 or 20-5 (ff. 2:11-2:30: 1st, 2nd, and 16th leaves missing, and 13th leaf cancelled)
- Quire 912+2 (ff. 2:31-2:42: 2 (?) added leaves after 12)
- Quire 108 (ff. 2:99-2:107)
- Quire 118-4 (ff. 2:138-2:143: 5th-8th leaves missing; 1st leaf may be from another quire)
Layout
160-170 × 105-120 mm. Ruled in hardpoint, frame only. Single columns. 28-31 lines to the page, written below top line.
Hand(s)
Copied by several hands in cursive scripts with both anglicana and secretary features: Hands A and B (ff. 2:3r-2:107v) and Hand C (ff. 2:138r-2:143v).
Decoration
Headers for texts written in red ink.
Line-fillers in red ink.
Regular capitals in brown ink occasionally highlighted with red ink.
Paraphs in red ink.
History
Provenance
John Burd (fl. 16th century) , owner of the manuscript, according to an inscription on f. 25r: ‘John Burd Owe Thys boke witnes John Brenoke In the [...]’. His name is also inscribed in the upper margins of ff. 2:23r and 2:24r
Henry Fishburn (? fl. 17th century) , his name inscribed in the lower margin of f. 2:4r: ‘Henery Fichurne’.
Part 3 [Cambridge, St John's College, MS B.15, ff. 3:1-3:52]
Contents
Language(s): Latin
Written in red ink on f. 3:5r is: ‘Dedicacio ecclesie Noricensis.anno domini .M.o cc.o ix .lc.’
The feasts of Thomas Becket and papal titles have been crossed out.
An early modern hand has added Latin and English words with letters of the Greek alphabet, featuring, on f. 3:5r, the year ‘1607’.
According to Carrillo Linares (2005), this is a partial translation of "Group B" of the Antidotarium Nicholas. However, Green (2019), pp. 4-5 fn 15, argues that "Group B" is the Antidotarium magnum on which the Antidotarium Nicolai is based.
A similar if not near-identical version of this text survives in London, British Library, Harley MS 2378, ff. 113r-117r .
Added by different 15th-century hands; only the first recipe is in Middle English. They address the following:
- f. 3:51r: for breaking a boil, for snakebite ('Pro tyryaca')
- f. 3:51v: for a balm for unspecified purpose, for a laxative powder, for uncertain purpose ('Pro le [?]prosus'), two more for unstated purposes
- f: 3:52r: for the stone
Written upside down, but almost completely erased and crossed out.
Physical Description
Collation
- Quire 126 (ff. 3:1-3:63)
- Quires 13-1412 (ff. 3:7-3:30)
- Quire 1510 (ff. 3:31-3:40)
- Quire 1612 (ff. 3:41-3:52)
Layout
145 × 105 mm. Ruled in leadpoint, frame only, with occasional line ruling. Single columns. 20 lines to the page, written below top line.
Hand(s)
Folios 3:1r-3:51r have been copied by a single scribe in semi-textualis.
Additions to ff. 3:51r-3:52r have been made by several hands in cursive anglicana scripts.
Decoration
One large (7 lines) historiated puzzle initial 'A' in blue and red ink with penwork decroation in blue and red ink, featuring interlace and foliate motifs on f. 3:7r. Inside the letter is a figure painted in colours against a gold ground: Christ in a green and purple robe depicted as "Salvator Mundi", making the sign of the cross with his right hand while holding a orb in his left hand.
1 large (5 lines) historiated puzzle initial 'A' in blue and red ink on f. 3:5r. Inside the letter is a figure painted in colours against a gold ground: a physician in an orange rob and wearing a green cap (?) holding up a green-coloured urine flask with their left hand and pinting to the flask with their right hand.
Large (3-4 lines) puzzle initials in blue and red with penwork in red ink.
Large (2-3 lines) initials in blue or red ink with penwork decoration in the opposite colour.
Small (1 line) plain initials in blue or red ink, sometimes with penwork decoration in the opposite colour.
Headings for recipes written in red ink.
Regular capitals in brown ink occasionally highlighted with red ink.
History
The dedication of the church in Norwich in 1209 is noted in the calendar (f. 3:5r).
Provenance
Tomsun , their late 15th- or early 16th-century ownership inscriptions in the upper margin of f. 3:7r and f. 3:51r: ‘Liber M[?agistri] Tomsun’.
R.L. , accessed or owned the manuscript as is suggested by a cropped inscription on f. 3:51v: ‘Anno domini 1590 R.L. [?]’.
Robert Marrow (fl. 17th century) : owned or accessed the manuscript. Their name inscribed in the upper margin of f. 3:11r.
Additional Information
Record Sources
Availability
Visitors to St John's College who wish to consult Special Collections material are required to apply to the Library in advance of their visit. For information on eligibility and admission procedures see: St John's College: Old Library and Special Collections)
Bibliography
-
A descriptive catalogue of the manuscripts in the library of St. John's College, Cambridge, James, M.R. (Cambridge, University Press, 1913)
Agnus castus: A Middle English herbal reconstructed from various manuscripts Agnus
castus, Brodin, Gösta (Uppsala, 1950)
Historical poems of the XIVth and XVth centuries, Robbins, Rossell Hope (New York, Columbia University Press, 1959)
Vernacular literacy in late-medieval England: The Example of East Anglian Medical
Manuscripts, Jones, M. Claire (Glasgow, 2000)
Documentary culture and the making of medieval English literature Cambridge studies
in medieval literature, Steiner, Emily (Cambridge, University Press, 2003)
Middle English Antidotarium Nicholai: Evidence for Linguistic Distribution and Dissemination
in the
Vernacular International Journal of English Studies, Carrillo-Linares, María José (5, 2, 71-92, 2005)
The Middle English Letter of Ipocras English Studies, Tavormina, M. Teresa (88, 6, 632-652, 2007, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138380701706526)
Mantic Alphabets in Late Medieval England, Early Modern Europe, and Modern America:
The Reception and
Afterlife of a Medieval Form of Dream Divination Anglia, Chardonnens, László Sándor (132, 4, 2014, https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/ang-2014-0072/html)
The Antidotarium magnum: A Short Description, Green, Monica H. (2019, https://www.academia.edu/40255503/The_Antidotarium_magnum_A_Short_Description_2019_)
Funding of Cataloguing
Wellcome
Digital Images
Abbreviations
View list of abbreviations and editorial conventions.
