Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 222
Medical texts
Contents
- Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 59/153 (Voigts, no. 2)
- Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 98/50 (Voigts, no. 4)
- Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 105/57 (Voigts, no. 5)
- Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 159/209 (Voigts, no. 9)
- Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 178/211 (Voigts, no. 10)
- Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 181/214 (Voigts, no. 11)
- Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 345/620 (Voigts, no. 12)
- Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 373/593 (Voigts, no. 13)
- Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 379/599 (Voigts, no. 14)
- Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 401/623 (Voigts, no. 16)
- Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 95 (Voigts, no. 24)
- Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 222 (Voigts, no. 28)
- Cambridge, Trinity College, MS O.8.31 (Voigts, no. 29)
- Cambridge, University Library, MS Add. 9213 (possible Marchall connections) (Voigts, no. 48)
Physical Description
Foliated in the second half of the 20th century, or the first quarter of the 21st century.
[i] (front pastedown) + 1-7 | 8-15 | 16-101 | 102-132 | 133-154 | 155-160 | 161-164 | 165-169 | 170-181
Foliated in pencil in the upper outer corner of each recto.Collation
A composite manuscript, formed of quires from several different original manuscript sources. The collation is as follows:
- Quire 18 (ff. [i] - 7: 1st leaf is the front pastedown) |
- Quire 28 (ff. 8-15) |
- Quires 3-1010 (ff. 16-95)
- Quire 116 (ff. 96-101) |
- Quires 12-1312 (ff. 102-125)
- Quire 1410-3 (ff. 126-132: 7th-9th cancelled) |
- Quire 158+4 (133-144: 4 leaves added after the 1st)
- Quire 168 (ff. 145-152)
- Quire 172 (ff. 153-154) |
- Quire 186 (ff. 155-160) |
- Quire 194 (ff. 161-164) |
- Quire 208-3 (165-169: 6th-8th cancelled) |
- Quire 2112 (ff. 170-181)
18 (1st leaf is [i] the front pastedown) | 28 | 3-1010 116 | 12-1312 1410-3 (7th-9th cancelled) | 158+4 (4 leaves added after the 1st) 168 172 | 186 | 194 | 208-3 (6th-8th cancelled) | 2112
Condition
Additions
Peterhouse stamp in purple ink on f. 1r.
Some quires have alphabetical signatures, written by a modern hand in the lower outer corner of the first recto of the quire (e.g., f. 46r, marked 'd'.
Binding
18th-century binding. Cover is a washed and reused document over thin pasteboards. Five raised bands tangible on spine, but inside the volume there are three clearly visible sewing supports, none in alignment with the tangible bands on the spine. All of the Parts of this manuscript were probably together by the late-15th century, and so the discrepancy between the visible supports inside the manuscript and the tangible supports apparent on the spine may be the result of the 18th century rebinding; for example, it is possible that during the rebinding some of the older sewing were retained and then three newer supports added and laced into the new binding. A description of some of the contents of the volume are written in ink on the spine: 'Ordo Baptizandi et Sponsalium'; a faded list of the contents of the volume is present below, but is now illegible. The shelfmark '222' present on the spine in pencil.
Folio [i], the present front pastedown is the verso of the first leaf of the first quire and contains the following inscriptions:
- 'James Nº 200' in ink, which refers to this item in the Ecloga Oxonio-Cantabrigiensis by Thomas James (1600)
- 'M R James 222' in pencil, which refers to this item in A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of Peterhouse by M. R. James (1899)
The rear pastedown is a paper leaf bearing a purple Peterhouse library stamp.
History
Provenance and Acquisition
All parts of this manuscript were probably together by the late 15th century. There is a list of the contents of the volume on f. 7v, the final leaf of Part 1, in the hand of Roger Marchall (see Acquisition) that refers to texts in Parts 2, 3, 4, and 9.
Probably given to Peterhouse by
Roger Marchall (c. 1417-1477)
, physician to Edward IV, who gave several other scientific and medical books to the
College. Marchall added a
partial list of the contents of the volume to f. 7v and supplied titles to texts
beginning on ff. 16r, 72r, 102r, and 170r. A list of Marchall's donations to the College
is now preserved with the general inventory of the books belonging to the College,
in a document now known as Cambridge,
Peterhouse Archives, Registrum Vetus (printed in CBMLC 10 as part of UC48). Marchall's
donations are recorded in his hand
on an inserted slip in the Registrum Vetus, now p. 22 and number twelve items pledged by Marchall
to the College; Peterhouse MS 222 is probably item 'ix' on that list described as
a 'Phisica plinii' (UC48.393). Marchall
as a book owner and donor is discussed in Voigts, 'A doctor and his books', and Peterhouse
MS 222 is no. 28 in Voigts'
list of manuscripts associated with Marchall.
Part 1: Liturgical Forms (Thomson Part I) [Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 222, [i] (front pastedown) + ff. 1r-7v]
Contents
Language(s): Latin
Contains liturgical forms for baptism and marriage, with the vows given in English.
In the rubricated text on f. 6r there is a reference to a papal decree on marriage dated M.C.C.C.XXI (1321).
Partial list of the contents of the volume by Roger Marchall with a further addition recording the presence of the 'Canonis Avicennae' in a later hand. Full transcription, numbering Marchall's: | Contenta in hoc volumine sunt ista .
- 1. Tractatus de interpretacione sompniorum secundum danielem prophetam
- 2. Breuiarius plinii secundi iunioris
- 3. Excerpta de libro naturalis historie plinii predicti
- 4. Tractatus Augustini de spiritu et anima
- 5. Macer de virtutibus herbarum . specierum mineralium . etc
- 6. Anothomia Galieni
- Liber 3us Canonis Avicennae
Physical Description
Collation
One quire of 8 leaves, the first leaf stuck down and used as the front pastedown.
Quire 18 (1st leaf is [i] the front pastedown; ff. [i], 1-7)
No leaf signatures particular to this Part.
No quire signatures particular to this Part.
No catchwords particular to this Part.Condition
Layout
185 × 110 mm. Ruled in single-column format, frame and lines. Ruled in ink, 27 lines to the page and written below top line.
Hand(s)
Written in a northern European textura quadrata.
Decoration
Extensive rubrication.
Instructions for decorative initials in their unfilled spaces.
Spaces for unfilled decorative initials throughout.
History
On f. 6r in the rubric de secundis nuptiis there is a reference to a papal decision of 1321, so the main text must have been copied after that date: 'et sciendum est quia ista questio discussa erat determinata in sacro palacio domini pape. Anno domini M.C.C.C.XXI'.
The liturgical form of the marriage ceremony presented on ff. [i]-7v includes the vows in Middle English in the same hand as the Latin text, so this part of the volume was almost certainly copied in England.
Part 2: Somniale danielis (Thomson Part II) [Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 222, ff. 8-15]
Contents
Language(s): Latin
See discussion in M. R. James, Catalogue, p. 272 for further information.
Physical Description
Collation
One quire of 8 leaves.
- Quire 28 (ff. 8-15)
No leaf signatures particular to this Part.
No quire signatures particular to this Part.
No catchwords particular to this Part.Condition
Layout
185 × 120 mm. Ruled in single-column format, frame and lines. Ruled in ink, 24 lines to the page and written below top line.
Hand(s)
Written in a northern European textura quadrata.
Decoration
Blue initials with red decorative elements and marginal extension at the major and minor divisions of the text.
Red and blue line-fillers at the end of minor divisions of the text wherever necessary to maintain the appearance of a 'justified' mise-en-page.
Alternate red and blue paraph marks throughout.
Additions
On f. 9r, '3' with a medieval -us abbreviation (i.e. 'tertius'), in ink in the upper margin.
History
Part 3: Medical Texts (Thomson Part III) [Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 222, ff. 16r-101v]
Contents
Language(s): Latin
Presented in 3 books; list of capitula before each book.
Title in the hand of R. Marchall.
Also in Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS Voss.Lat.O.92, f. 79r.
Four short recipes to dye hair black. Also in Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS Voss.Lat.O.92, f. 79r.
Text and diagram.
Also in Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS Voss.Lat.O.92, f. 79r.
Extensive notes in margins of ff. 68v-69r, by scribe who copied the main text on those leaves.
Not noted by Thompson. Written in the fore-edge and bottom margins by a near-contemporary hand to the main text. Heavily cropped and purposes unclear, but some at least concerning haemorrhoids (cf. rubric 'De emoroida' added by a later hand).
Full transcription. For fistula.
Full translation: The urine of a bull, cooked down as a reduction, destroys fistulas.'
Full transcription. For jaundice.
Full translation: Endive, which is similar to lettuce, emits much juice when it is crushed; and, it has many thorns in the spine of the back, [which] cure jaundice through the passing of much urine. If it is effective, this juice - cooked, aerated and strained - should be given as a drink to the patient, in good quantity and often.
Title in the hand of R. Marchall.
Note in the lower margin of f. 100v in the same hand as the main text on the page: Vide quod nichil est hic excerptum de pronosticis serenitatis et tempestatis et parum de medicinis et gemmis.
Thi is ch. 137, 'De cauda equina'
Text lost to cropping of the leaf.
Written in an informal minuscule of ?English appearance.
Leaf erased, text almost entirely gone, part of a date 'festum sancti mich⟨aelis⟩' still visible.
Physical Description
Collation
Quires of mostly 10 leaves:
- Quires 3-1010 (ff. 16-95)
- Quire 116 (ff. 96-101)
No leaf signatures particular to this Part.
No quire signatures particular to this Part.
No catchwords particular to this Part.Condition
Layout
160 × 110 mm. Ruled in leadpoint, frame and lines. Ruled in double-column format, typically 30 lines to the column and written above top line.
Hand(s)
The main text is written in a northern European textura rotunda.
Decoration
Flourished initials, red intitial with blue flourishing and marginal extension or the reverse at the major and minor divisions of the text.
Incipits, explicits, and chapter titles in red.
History
Text written above top line.
Part 4: Odo of Meung, De uiribus herbarum (Thomson Part IV) [Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 222, ff. 102r-132v]
Contents
Language(s): Latin
Title in upper margin of f. 102r in Roger Marchall's hand.
132rv blank.
Close to the Regimen text, but the final line is different.
This text may instead be a distich attributed to Bernard de Gordon, see eTK 0550L.
Physical Description
Collation
- Quires 12-1312 (ff. 102-125)
- Quire 1410-3 (7th-9th cancelled; ff. 126-132)
No leaf signatures particular to this Part of the manuscript.
No quire signatures particular to this Part of the manuscript.
No catchwords in this Part of the manuscript.Layout
175 × 105 mm. Ruled in leadpoint, frame and lines. Ruled in double-column format, typically 46-50 lines to the column, written below top line.
Hand(s)
Written in a very small, compressed anglicana.
Decoration
Plain initials at the major and minor divisions of the text in red.
History
Part 5: Medical Texts (Thomson Part V) [Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 222, ff. 133r-154v]
Contents
Language(s): Latin
Ends imperfectly. Fen3:Tract2:C5 - Fen10:Tract5:C5.
Written in the bottom margin. For serpigo and scabies.
Translated by John of Seville. From the Epistola Aristotelis ad Alexandrum de regimine sanitatis. The word 'hereford' in the same ink and by the same scribe directly below the final line of this text.
The outer edges of the leaves have been cropped, and the text also runs into the gutter. Consequently the purpose of the recipes is sometimes unclear. They include the following:
- f. 142v, col. 1: for eye ailments (rubric added by a later hand and references in the recipes)
- f. 142v, col. 2: for a stomach ailment, for deafness, for restoring hearing, for making a suffumigation, for an ailment of the breasts and shoulders ('in mamilla [...] usque ad spatulas'), for ?swelling/fatness ('pinguedo'),
- f. 143r, col. 1: a collirium for itching, red and watering eyes; for fevers; for ailments of the teeth; for stopping menstruation; for gout, colic, swollen knees, and pain ?when urinating; for leprosy and canker ('noli me tangere'), serpigo and impetigo; for fistula.
- f. 143r, col. 2: for watering eyes, for loss of appetite and nausea, for cough
- f. 143v, col. 1: for scabies on the hands, for watering eyes, for swollen feet, to stop bleeding, for bladder stone
- f. 143v, col. 2: a wax plaster ('cerotum') for all ailments, for mouth ulcers
Several names of physicians and patients, usually included as part of the main recipe text, but sometimes added near the incipit of a recipe in a hand of similar appearance, but using different ink to the main-text-ink:
- Folio 142v, col. 1: 'Comitissa Dov' or 'Comitissa Dou'
- Folio 142v, col. 1: 'Berkinges'
- Folio 142v, col. 1: An eye-salve by a 'Magister .h. grossos' for a 'Comes Warenn' (Talbot and Hammond, p. 80)
- Folio 142v, col. 1: 'Magistri . Richardi de Wendorum[sic]' - according to Talbot and Hammond this refers Richard of Wendover (d. 1252), a canon of St Paul's, London (see Talbot and Hammond pp. 284-285 for further information)
- Folio 142v, col. 1: 'Magistrum Iohannum de Sancto egidio' - according to Talbot and Hammond this refers to John of Saint Giles, a physician active in Paris in the early 13th century (see Talbot and Hammond pp. 179-180 for further information). A further reference precedes the remedy for loss of hearing in col. 2
- Folio 142v, col. 2: 'Magistri Th...' - Talbot and Hammond read the name as 'Thomas Sinet', but Thomson reads the name as 'Thomas Surdus'; nothing more is known about a medieval physician with either name (Talbot and Hammond, p. 356)
- Folio 142v, col. 2: 'Magister Patricius' - according to Talbot and Hammond this may be Patrick of Carlisle who was a royal physician and clerk to Henry III c. 1242-1253 (see Talbot and Hammond, pp. 239-240 for further information)
- Folio 142v, col. 2: 'Cuiusdam militis Comitis War...'
- Folio 142v, col. 2: 'Quedam domina nobile' (treated by Master Philipp le Ver)
- Folio 142v, col. 2: 'Magister philippus le Ver' - this Master Philipp treated the certain noble woman ('quedam domina nobile'); nothing more is know about this physician (Talbot and Hammond, p. 258)
- Folio 143r, col. 2: 'Magister .R. de necton' - this is almost certainly a reference to Ralph Necton, royal physician to Henry III c. 1236 (see Talbot and Hammond pp. 264-266 for further information)
- Folio 143r, col. 2: 'Fratris .w. de Bristoll predicatoris' - this refers to a 'Brother William of Bristol'; nothing more is known about this physician (Talbot and Hammond, p. 389)
- Folio 143r, col. 2: 'Electuarium regis secundum magistrum .R. de necton' - this is almost certainly a reference to Ralph Necton, royal physician to Henry III c. 1236 (see Talbot and Hammond pp. 264-266 for further information)
This does not appear to be an extract from a similarly named work by Isaac Israeli.
Written at the bottom of the first column. For an uncertain purpose.
Full transcription. Written at the top of the second column. For spasm caused by repletion (i.e. build-up of excess humours).
Full translation: Against spasm caused by repletion. Wash and dress the feet and legs and the suffering parts in a decoction of mallow leaves and when they have been dried they should be anointed with fresh oil.
Note in the lower margin of f. 146r in a red wavy frame: ‘Micrologus Ricardi magne laudis sed maioris efficacie de causis signis et curis frequenciorum et curabilium morborum’, followed by 4 lines of verse: ‘Prologus . Sicut odor nardi spirabit sermo Ricardi | Splendet micrologi lux quasi flamma rogi | Ars prius insurget in causam que magis urget | Dampnaque maiora releuet prius hincque minora’. | The first two lines of this poem can also be found in London, British Library, MS Sloane 3282
In the lower marin of f. 150v a note: ‘Hoc solo experimento curauit magr. R. quendam cui nulli medicorum poterant subuenire.’ etc
Written in the top margin (in leadpoint), for an unstated purpose; and in the bottom margin (in ink), for sore throat/rough voice ('Contra rancredine vocis').
Folio 151v: written in the bottom margin, below the second column. For heat in the heart with tremor ('calorem cordis cum tremore') and for fainting and heart tremor.
Folio 152r: written in the bottom margin. For stopping watering eyes, for serpigo, for inducing urination, for tremor.
Written in the bottom margin. For strengthening the stomach.
Full transcription. Written in the bottom margin, the last line partly cropped. For canker, fester, farcy and worms. ?Veterinary and medical.
Physical Description
Collation
- Quire 158+4 (4 leaves added after the 1st; ff. 133-144)
- Quire 168 (ff. 145-152)
- Quire 172 (ff. 153-154)
No leaf signatures particular to this Part.
No quire signatures particular to this Part. No catchwords particular to this Part.Condition
Layout
195 × 140 mm. Ruled in leadpoint, frame and lines. Ruled in double-column format, typically 45-55 lines to a column, written above top line.
Hand(s)
Written in a tiny northern European textualis libraria.
Decoration
Plain initials in red at the minor divisions of the text.
Chapter headings in red.
Paraph marks in red.
History
Part 6: Medical Notes (Thomson Part VI) [Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 222, ff. 155-160]
Contents
Language(s): Latin
The last recipe is attributed to 'Magistri Nicole de Derleng', identified by Thomson as Master Nicholas de Derlega (active c. 1174-1215). See Thomson, Catalogue for more information on de Derlega.
The text is faded and not always legible. The recipes include the following:
- f. 155r, col. 1: for cough and tightness of the chest; for headache; a purgative for the teeth, bad breath, the eyes and the whole body; for a laxative; for an electuary 'contra melinam'; a syrup for quartan fever; for swelling and pain in the penis; for flux of the stomach; for ?kidney ailments; for removing ?blemishes on the face; for freckles; for bad breath ('ad oris festoris')
- f. 155r, col. 2: for aposteme and for carbuncle, for headache, for insomnia in delirium ('Contra vigilias in frenesi'), for cough,
- f. 155v, col. 1: for strengthening the stomach, for a laxative, for cough, for enhancing the beauty of one's eyes ('qui pulcros oculos habunt')
- f. 155v, col. 2: for a blemish, for quinsy, for swollen testicles, for twisting of the stomach ('Ad torcionem ventris'), for rheum, for pain when urinating, for restoring eyesight (attributed to 'Magistri Nicol' de derleng').
The incipit for this text is close to the opening of the Circa instans. Addition to the top margin of f. 156r: Apocrustica id est repercussiua.
Written in the top margin across the opening of ff. 159v and 160r: for various ailments of the ?rectum.
Written in the bottom margin of f. 159v, below the second and third columns: for fistula and canker and other wounds, for canker in the mouth whether starting or completed, for pustules on the face.
Written in the bottom margin of f. 160r: for uncertain purposes (below first and second columns), for pain and for swelling or inflammation of the lower leg.
Written by several 13th-century hands. One recipe is attributed to a 'Wendofer' or 'Wendover', possibly Richardus Anglicus , also known as Richard of Wendover, a physician active in the first half of the 13th century who served Pope Gregory IX for some of his career and later became a canon of St Paul's. The purposes of the remedies are rarely stated, but include dropsy, blemish in the eye and phthisis.
Physical Description
Collation
One quire of 6 leaves:
- Quire 186 (ff. 155-160)
No leaf signatures particular to this Part.
No quire signatures particular to this Part.
No catchwords particular to this Part.Condition
Layout
190 × 130 mm. Ruled in pencil, frame and lines. Folios 156-160 ruled in triple-column format, typically 64-66 lines to the column. Folio 155 ruled in double column format, 64 lines to the column. Written above top line, text lost to trimming.
Hand(s)
Written in a tiny northern European textualis libraria.
Decoration
Plain initials in red at each new letter in the alphabetised Synonyma.
Single red lines used as linefillers in each column of the Synonyma
History
Part 7: Medical texts (Thomson Part VI) [Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 222, ff. 161-164]
Contents
Language(s): Latin and Middle Dutch
Written in the bottom margin. For drawing out rheum and phlegm from the head, for toothache, for swelling of the stomach ('discoloratus') and for strengthening the stomach, for loss of eyesight and severe headache
In the first column of text. For an uncertain purpose, for inducing urination ('fiat puluis de diuraticis aromaticis').
For ?leprosy and ?bleeding ('contra venam').
For a good electuary of proven effectiveness ('cura probatum [...] vnguentum bona') and for a laxative, both written partly in cipher. A third for an unstated purpose, but attributed to 'martinus de vrisele'.
Physical Description
Collation
One quire of 4 leaves:
- Quire 194 (ff. 161-164)
No leaf signatures particular to this Part.
No quire signatures particular to this Part.
No catchwords particular to this Part.Condition
Layout
205 × 160 mm. Folios 162v-163v ruled in pencil, frame and lines. Ruled in double-column format, 60-61 lines to the column and written below top line. All other leaves in this Part have an informal layout.
Hand(s)
Main texts written in cramped and informal northern European textalis libraria by several scribes. Annotations added by several further scribes writing contemporary and later scripts.
Decoration
No notable decoration in this Part.
History
With later additions. The larger texts in this part are written in informal textualis libraria that are of English aspect, but the medical recipes in Flemish mean that an origin in Flanders cannot be entirely discounted
Part 8: Theological Texts (Thomson Part VII) [Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 222, ff. 165-169]
Contents
Language(s): Latin
Also in Durham, Cathedral Library, MS B.II.20, ff. 106v-111r
In two hands.
Physical Description
Collation
Originally a quire of 8 leaves:
- Quire 208-3 (6th-8th cancelled: ff. 165-169)
No leaf signatures particular to this Part.
No quire signatures particular to this Part.
No catchwords particular to this Part.Condition
Layout
210 × 140 mm. Ruled in leadpoint, frame and lines. Ruled in double-column format, typically 65 lines to the column and written below top line.
Hand(s)
Main text is written in a northern textualis libraria.
Shorter texts on f. 169v written in northern textualis libraria by two different scribes.
Decoration
Red and blue puzzle initial at the opening of the main text (f. 165r. Flourished initials (red initials, blue flourishing) at minor divisions of the text; blue flourishing stops at f. 167v.
History
Part 9: Galen (Thomson Part VIII) [Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 222, ff. 170-181]
Contents
Language(s): Latin
Title in the hand of Roger Marchall added to the upper margin of f. 170r
Text preceeded by a list of capitula.
Physical Description
Collation
One quire of 12 leaves:
- Quire 2112 (ff. 170-181)
No leaf signatures particular to this Part.
No quire signatures particular to this Part.
No catchwords particular to this Part.Condition
Layout
180 × 110 mm. Ruled in leadpoint, frame and lines. Ruled in double-column format, typically 51 lines to the column, written below top line.
Hand(s)
Written in a northern European textualis rotunda.
Some annotations added in an anglicana hand.
Decoration
Plain 'lombardic' initial 'M' at the opening of the text.
Instruction letters for minor initials in their unfilled spaces throughout.
Unfilled spaces for minor initials throughout.
History
Additional Information
Record Sources
Availability
Researchers should note that Peterhouse's western European medieval manuscripts are housed at Cambridge University Library. Scholars who wish to consult Peterhouse manuscripts should contact the Special Collections Reading Room to arrange their visit; all University Library admissions procedures will apply. For information on eligibility and admissions procedures, see Joining the Library. For further enquiries, and to confirm the availability of the manuscript, please contact the Special Collections Reading Room.
Custodial History
Bibliography
-
A doctor and his books: the manuscripts of Roger Marchall (d. 1477) New science out
of old books: studies in manuscripts and early printed books in honour of A.I.
Doyle, Voigts, Linda Ehrsam (Aldershot, 249-314, Scolar Press, 1995)
Anglo-Norman literature: a guide to texts and manuscripts Anglo-Norman Text Society
occasional publications series, Dean, Ruth J.Boulton, Maureen Barry McCann (London, Anglo-Norman Text Society, 1999)
A Previously Unidentified Somniale Danielis Text in Takamiya MS 33 with an Updated
Handlist of
Latin Somniale Texts from England Journal of the Early Book Society for the Study
of Manuscripts and Printing History, Reider, Alexandra (18, 213-227, 324-325, 2015, https://www.proquest.com/docview/1823023284/abstract/F809B867B1454C3FPQ/12)
The Medicine of the Friars in Medieval England Health and Healing in the Middle Ages, Jones, Peter Murray (Woodbridge, Boydell & Brewer, 2024, https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.5558126)
Funding of Cataloguing
Wellcome
Digital Images
Abbreviations
View list of abbreviations and editorial conventions.
