Cambridge, Peterhouse, MS 74
Collectio canonum Lanfranci
Contents
Language(s): Latin
Lists the first seven ecumenical councils with their locations and presiding pope, followed by the Fourth Council of Constantinople.
Rubric written vertically in margin. Cited in the Decretum of Gratian, from which they may have been excerpted (Pars 2, Causa 19, Quaestio 3, Caput 3 and Pars 1, Distinctio 56, Caput 1).
Drawn from various sources, as noted in the margins, but cited in the Decretum of Gratian, from which they may have been excerpted (Pars 1, Distinctio 56: Caput 5, Caput 4 ('Nunquam' and 'Non est'), Caput 3.
See Provenance.
A version of the Collectio Isidori Mercatoris (pseudo-Idisore) compiled by Lanfranc of Canterbury in the 1060s.
Epistles and decretals of the popes from Clement (d. c. 101) to Nicholas II (d. 1061).
- ff. 121r-123r: Canones L., qui dicuntur apostolorum
- ff. 123r-130v: Greek Councils and Synods in excerpts (end imperfectly)
- ff. 131r-145r: African Councils in excerpts (begin imperfectly)
- ff. 145r-160v: Gallican Councils in excerpts
- ff. 160v-217r: Hispanic Councils in excerpts
Oath sworn at the Council held in Rome in 1059 under Pope Nicholas II (1059-61), concerning Berengarius of Tours' heretical views, which denied the real presence in the Eucharistic bread and wine.
Includes the final oath of Berengarius of Tours, renouncing his heresy.
cc. 1, 9-10, 7, 6, 2-5, 11, 15-16.
Dated to Lanfranc's eleventh year in office (i.e. between 29 August 1080 and 28 August 1081). Written by the main scribe.
Written by the main scribe.
Written by the main scribe.
Cites the (First) Council of Toledo, c. 1.
Cites the Council of Orléans, c. 8.
Physical Description
21st-century foliation
i-iii + 1-218
Numbering in pencil in the top right-hand corner of the recto side of each leaf, completing an earlier (perhaps 19th- or early 20th-century), intermittent sequence.
Collation
The front endleaves comprise two nested bifolia, the first leaf of which is the front pastedown. A quire is missing after Quire 16.
- Quires 1-118 (ff. 1-88)
- Quire 1210 (ff. 89-98)
- Quire 13-278 (ff. 99-218)
Quire signatures in Roman numerals, written in the centre of the bottom margin of the verso side of the last leaf of each quire ('I-XVI [...] XVIII-XXVIII').
Layout
265 × 150 mm. Ruled in hardpoint, frame and line. Single columns, except the capitula to the Councils, which are in two columns and smaller script. 41-44 lines to the page, written above top line.
Hand(s)
The main contents are in a single protogothic bookhand. Thomson judges the main scribe to be 'expert' and his writing to be 'of Norman appearance'. However, Michael Gullick considers it to be the production of 'one moderate continental scribe with one five-line correction by a poor English hand' (f. 79r, last five lines), noting that 'The principal scribe occurs nowhere else in Durham books, of which there are many, and neither his hand nor the single decorated initial suggests that he was a Norman' (Gullick (2001), pp. 102-03). Morgan and Panayotova (2013, pp. 231, 234) consider him to be a Lotharingian, on the basis of similarities with manuscripts of that region, some of which arrived in England by the late 11th century.
Most of the additions to c. 1130 are in the hand of Simeon of Durham, historian and precentor of Durham Cathedral Priory (Gullick (1994), pp. 106, 108; Thomson (2016)).
Rubrics written in rustic capitals, in red, blue or green, often in combination, or in protogothic in red ink only.
Decoration
A large, perhaps eleven-line initial excised from f. 1r. It was presumably of the same type (perhaps more elaborate) as those found elsewhere. These are eight to ten lines in size, in red and slate-blue and outlined in red, with infill comprising simple vegetal interlace in outline, the interstitial spaces sometimes coloured in (ff. 108r, 121v, 207r). These have no close parallels in contemporary manuscripts from Durham (Morgan and Panayotova (2013), p. 234).
Two- to six-line plain initials in red, blue or green (except on f. 21v, where two colours are combined). One-line initials used within the text and for entries in the lists of capitula.
Binding
12th-century binding of tawed skin over oak boards, sewn on three bands; two separate
sets of two
straps and claps, one using scarlet leather succeeding another under the cover skin,
and a central
strap-and-pin fastening, all now gone. The cover skin extends to square-edged tabs
at each end of
the spine, each sewn into the backs of the quires; plain endbands.
History
Made for William of Saint-Calais (d. 1096), bishop of Durham 1080-1096. Dated to before 1096 by Robinson (1988), but more narrowly to 1081×1088 by Gneuss and Lapidge (2014), presumably based on the dates of William's election to Durham and his citing of his copy of the Collectio Lanfranci at his trial for treason. This is supported by Morgan and Panayotova (2013), who assign a terminus ante quem non of 1080/81, owing to the copying by the main scribe of a letter by Lanfranc on f. 217v.
Provenance and Acquisition
Recorded in the list of books left by William of Saint-Calais to Durham Cathedral Priory (see Turner (1918)). The manuscript remained at Durham until at least 1417, and still recorded there in 1604 (see below).
A Durham Cathedral Priory ownership inscription by a hand of the 13th century: 'Liber sancti Cuthberti' (following a title by an earlier hand, 'Decreta pontificum').
Recorded in the Spendement inventories of 1392 and 1417: 'E. Decreta Romanorum Pontificum. ii. fo. Dictum est' (Raine (1838), pp. 35, 112).
Durham Cathedral Priory pressmark by a hand of the 15th century: '.2a.8i.S' (f. i recto and repeated on f. iii verso and 1r). The same hand is responsible for the inscription on f. iii verso concerning the manuscript's textual contents and their authorship.
At Durham Cathedral until at least 1608 (not 1604 as noted by Thomson): borrowed by Samuel Ward (1577-1640), theologian and master of Emmanuel College 1596-1610 and Sidney Sussex College 1610-1640. On 6 July of that year, Ward wrote in a letter to James Ussher, 'I have since got Jacob Merlin's edition of Isidore's collection, and before that, at my being in the north, I borrowed out of Durham library the manuscript of it, which is all one with Corpus Canonum in Bennet College [i.e. Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 130]; and in Trinity College library, newly erected, there is another copy of the same [i.e. Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.16.44] (see Elrington (1847-64), vol. 15, pp. 53-54). The manuscript presumably never returned to Durham.
Not recorded among Peterhouse's books in the Ecloga Oxonio-Cantabrigiensis of Thomas James (1600). How and when it arrived at Peterhouse is not known.
Additional Information
Record Sources
Availability
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Bibliography
Editions and translations
Decretales pseudo-Isidorianae, et Capitula Angilramni. Ad fidem librorum manuscriptorum recensuit, fontes indicavit, commentationem de collectione pseudo-Isidori, (Lipsiae, B. Tauchnitz, 1863) Die fälschungen Erzbischof Lanfranks von Canterbury Studien zur Geschichte der Theologie und der Kirche, Boehmer, Heinrich (Leipzig, Dieterich, 1902) Early Scottish charters: prior to A.D. 1153, Lawrie, Archibald Campbell (Glasgow, J. MacLehose and sons, 1905) Das Register Gregors VII Monvmenta Germaniae historica, (Berlin, 2, Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1923) Papsturkunden in England Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Philologisch-Historische Klasse, 3. Folge, (Berlin, 3, 1952) Two Letters of Pope Paschal II to Scotland The Scottish Historical Review, Bethell, Denis (49, 147, 33-45, 1970, https://www.jstor.org/stable/25528837) The letters of Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury Oxford medieval texts, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1979) Scotia Pontificia: Papal Letters to Scotland before the Pontificate of Innocent III, (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1982, https://www.oxfordscholarlyeditions.com/display/10.1093/actrade/9780198224334.book.1/actrade-9780198224334-book-1) The register of Pope Gregory VII, 1073-1085: an English translation, Cowdrey, H. E. J. (Oxford, University Press, 2002)Bibliography
Manuscript descriptions
Catalogi Veteres Librorum Ecclesiae Cathedralis Dunelm. Catalogues of the Library of Durham Cathedral, at Various Periods, from the Conquest to the Dissolution, Including Catalogues of the Library of the Abbey of Hulne, and of the MSs. preserved in the Library of Bishop Cosin, at Durham Publications of the Surtees Society, (1834) The whole works of the most Rev. James Ussher, D.D, (Dublin, 15, Hodges & Smith, 1847) A descriptive catalogue of the manuscripts in the library of Peterhouse, James, M. R. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1899) The English church & the Papacy: from the Conquest to the reign of John Birkbeck lectures, Brooke, Z.N. (Cambridge, University Press, 1931) Durham Cathedral manuscripts to the end of the twelfth century, Mynors, R.A.B. (Oxford, Printed for the Dean and Chapter of Durham Cathedral at the University Press, 1939) The English church & the papacy: from the Conquest to the reign of John, Brooke, Z.N. (Cambridge, University Press, 1952) Papsturkunden in England Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Philologisch-Historische Klasse, 3. Folge, (Berlin, 3, 1952) The construction of English twelfth-century bindings The Library, Pollard, Graham (s5-XVII, 1, 1-22, 1962, https://academic.oup.com/library/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/library/s5-XVII.1.1) Medieval Libraries of Great Britain: A List of Surviving Books Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, Ker, N.R. (London, Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1964) Codices pseudo-Isidoriani: a palaeographico-historical study. With a foreword by Horst Fuhrmann Monumenta iuris canonici. Series C, Subsidia, Williams, Schafer (New York, Fordham University Press, 1971) The letters of Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury Oxford medieval texts, (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1979) Catalogue of Dated and Datable Manuscripts c. 737-1600 in Cambridge Libraries, Robinson, P.R. (Cambridge, D.S. Brewer, 1988) The English Church and the Papacy: From the Conquest to the Reign of John, Brooke, Z.N. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/english-church-and-the-papacyfrom-the-conquest-to-the-reign-of-john/4E0931BEB290E1A7F3CE784DF54ABDCF) The Durham cantor's book (Durham, Dean and Chapter Library, MS B. IV. 24) Anglo-Norman Durham, 1093-1193, Gullick, Michael (Woodbridge, 93-109, Boydell Press, 1994) The hand of Symeon of Durham: further observations on the Durham Martyrology scribe Symeon of Durham: historian of Durham and the North Studies in North-Eastern history, Gullick, Michael (Stamford, 14-31, Shaun Tyas, 1998) The manuscripts of early Norman England (c.1066-1130), Gameson, Richard (Oxford, Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1999) Canonical collections of the early Middle Ages (ca. 400-1140): a bibliographical guide to the manuscripts and literature History of medieval canon law, Kéry, Lotte (Washington, D.C., Catholic University of America Press, 1999) Some additional provenances of Cambridge Latin manuscripts Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society, Williman, Daniel (11, 4, 427-448, 1999, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41154881) A scribe at work: fragments as witnesses to changes in style Interpreting and collecting fragments of medieval books, Gullick, Michael (Los Altos Hills, Cal.; London, 205-210, Anderson-Lovelace; Red Gull Press, 2000) The English-owned manuscripts of the <hi rend="italics">Collectio Lanfranci</hi> The legacy of M.R. James: papers from the 1995 Cambridge Symposium, Gullick, Michael (Donington, 99-117, Shaun Tyas, 2001) Algunos aspectos de la tradición de la <hi rend="italics">Collectio Lanfranci</hi> Proceedings of the Twelfth International Congress of Medieval Canon Law: Washington, D.C. 1-7 August 2004 Monumenta iuris canonici. Series C, Subsidia, Álvarez de las Asturias, Nicolás (Città del Vaticano, 127-143, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2008) A catalogue of western book illumination in the Fitzwilliam Museum and the Cambridge colleges Illuminated manuscripts in Cambridge, (London, 1: Insular and Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, c. 700-c. 1100, Harvey Miller, 2013) A catalogue of western book illumination in the Fitzwilliam Museum and the Cambridge colleges Illuminated manuscripts in Cambridge, (London, 1: c. 1000-c. 1250, Harvey Miller, 2015) A descriptive catalogue of the medieval manuscripts in the library of Peterhouse, Cambridge, Thomson, R. M. (Cambridge, D.S. Brewer, 2016)Bibliography
Secondary studies
The English church & the Papacy: from the Conquest to the reign of John Birkbeck lectures, Brooke, Z.N. (Cambridge, University Press, 1931) The English church & the papacy: from the Conquest to the reign of John, Brooke, Z.N. (Cambridge, University Press, 1952) Some observations on the date of Lanfranc's <hi rend="italics">Decreta</hi> Studia monastica, Sheerin, D.J. (17, 13-28, 1975) The canons of the First Lateran Council in English manuscripts Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Medieval Canon Law, Berkeley, California, 28 July-2 August 1980 Monumenta iuris canonici. Series C, Subsidia, Brett, Martin (Città del Vaticano, 13-28, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1985) The English Church and the Papacy: From the Conquest to the Reign of John, Brooke, Z.N. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/english-church-and-the-papacyfrom-the-conquest-to-the-reign-of-john/4E0931BEB290E1A7F3CE784DF54ABDCF) Scribes and scholars at Salisbury Cathedral, c.1075-c.1125 Oxford historical monographs, Webber, Teresa (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1992) The <hi rend="italics">De iniusta uexacione Willelmi episcopi primi</hi> and canon law in Anglo-Norman Durham Anglo-Norman Durham, 1093-1193, Philpott, M. (Woodbridge, 125-137, Boydell Press, 1994) English book collections in the late eleventh and early twelfth century: Symeon's Durham and its context Symeon of Durham: historian of Durham and the North Studies in North-Eastern history, Gameson, Richard (Stamford, 230-253, Shaun Tyas, 1998) The historical interests of the monks of Durham Symeon of Durham: historian of Durham and the North Studies in North-Eastern history, Piper, A. J. (Stamford, 301-332, Shaun Tyas, 1998) Symeon, Hildebert, and the errors of origin Symeon of Durham: historian of Durham and the North Studies in North-Eastern history, Sharpe, Richard (Stamford, 282-300, Shaun Tyas, 1998) Lanfranc and the oldest manuscript of the <hi rend="italics">Collectio Lanfranci</hi> Bishops, texts and the use of canon law around 1100: essays in honour of Martin Brett Church, faith, and culture in the Medieval West, Gullick, Michael (Aldershot, 79-89, Ashgate, 2008)Digital Images
Abbreviations
View list of abbreviations and editorial conventions.
