Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, Pembroke College, MS 302

Gospel lectionary

Contents

Introduction: This is one of the most sumptuously illuminated of all extant Anglo-Saxon Gospel Lectionaries and one of the most innovative late Anglo-Saxon manuscripts in terms of iconography, style and painting technique. It also reveals strong stylistic links with eleventh-century Continental manuscripts shortly before the Conquest and has often been seen as an indigenous precursor of the Romanesque style [Wormald (1973, repr. 1984), p. 121; Gameson (2011), p. 272]. Pembroke MS 302 contains extracts from the Gospels arranged not in a liturgical sequence, but in the narrative order in which they appear in full Gospels. This - and the fact that the liturgical readings are not marked, despite the identification of Christ, the apostles and other participants in the dialogue within St Matthew and St Mark's accounts of the Passion - indicate that the volume was not intended primarily for use during Mass. It is more likely to have supported the private devotion of a wealthy and discriminating patron [Lenker (1999), p. 155; Karkov (2007), p. 57]. Pembroke MS 302 has long been associated with the mid-eleventh-century part of the Caligula Troper (London, British Library, Cotton MS Caligula A.XIV, ff. 1-36). Both manuscripts share tall and slim proportions [Gameson (2011), pp. 29-30], a bold, intense and unusually warm colour scheme, firm outlines, strong tonal modelling, emphatically linear drapery falling down in rhythmical, parallel folds, heavily stylised facial features and voluminous, bulbous foliage shapes. These stylistic peculiarities reveal a complex amalgam of Continental influences, creatively absorbed in late Anglo-Saxon England [Kauffmann (1975), pp. 18-19; Temple (1976), pp. 23-24; Gameson (1991), pp. 92-96; Heslop (2007), pp. 69-70]. The overall figure style finds parallels in contemporary manuscripts from the Low Countries, mainly Flanders, and the Meuse Valley, the Rhineland, and especially leading centres of Ottonian illumination, such as Trier and Echternach. These were regions with which Anglo-Saxon royalty and ecclesiastics were in close contact throughout the eleventh century. The most relevant to Pembroke MS 302 are Bishop Ealdred of Worcester, who travelled on an embassy to Cologne in 1055 and held the sees of Worcester and Hereford in tandem (reg. 1056-1060), and his successor, Walter of Lotharingia, who came to England as royal chaplain to Edward the Confessor and became Bishop of Hereford (reg. 1061-1079). Edward the Confessor himself has been suggested as a possible recipient of the Caligula Troper [Planchart (1977), I, p. 49]. The Continental aspects in Pembroke MS 302 and the Troper are embedded within a strong tradition of Anglo-Saxon decoration. The iconography of Pembroke MS 302 is marked by the absence of the Evangelists' symbols and by the emphasis on the different stages of the writing process in manuscript production: St Matthew dips his quill in an inkpot (f. 9r), St Mark prepares to trim his pen (f. 38r), St Luke holds the manuscript open, ready to write in it (f. 60v), while St John writes, holding the page down with a pen knife (f. 88v) [Karkov (2007)]. The iconography of the Evangelists, the prominence of their golden robes, deeply incised in imitation of niello-work and creating a vigorous pattern of agitated draperies, the backgrounds filled with atmospheric zigzag motifs, the coloured shadow outline, and the ornamental motifs, especially in the Canon Tables, develop features characteristic of Canterbury manuscripts from the 1020s. The closest parallels are the works of Eadwig (Eadui) Basan, the Christ Church monk who was active as a scribe and possibly as an illuminator c. 1020: notably the Eadwig Gospels of c. 1020 (Hanover, Kestner Museum, MS WM XXIa 36 and the Eadwig Psalter of c. 1012-1023 (London, British Library, Arundel MS 155, ff. 2-135, 171-193). Some of the initials in Pembroke MS 302 (e.g. f. 61r) are fully painted versions of the tenth-century type of initials formed of complete birds or beasts (Wormald's Type 1) and suggest a revival of earlier Anglo-Saxon decorative schemes during the second quarter of the eleventh century [Gameson (1991), p. 73]. While scholars generally agree on dating Pembroke MS 302 and the Caligula Troper to the mid-eleventh century or slightly later, the place of origin has been much disputed: Canterbury, Winchester, Hereford or Worcester have all been proposed [for a summary of the various arguments, see Teviotdale (1991), pp. 322-23; Karkov (2007); Heslop (2007)]. The association of both manuscripts with Canterbury has been based on liturgical evidence (now rejected), and on stylistic and iconographic parallels [Wormald (1973, repr. 1984), p. 121]. A Winchester origin for the Troper (and, by association, possibly for Pembroke MS 302 as well) has been suggested on liturgical grounds [Teviotdale (1991), pp. 284-90], but disputed more recently [Heslop (2007)]. The Hereford connection rests on the early provenance of Pembroke MS 302: a description of the eastern boundary of the diocese of Hereford in the time of Bishop Æthelstan (reg. 1013-1056) was added on f. 8r later in the eleventh century. Since the boundary described is that shared with the diocese of Worcester, an early provenance and perhaps origin at Worcester seem at least as likely, and have been argued for on palaeographical, stylistic and historical grounds [Gameson (1996), p. 223; Heslop (2007), pp. 68-71]. The script of Pembroke MS 302 is comprable to that of Worcester manuscripts from the third quarter of the eleventh century [Gameson (1991) and (1996)]. The Caligula Troper, which was certainly at Worcester by 1200, was probably intended for use there, perhaps for Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester (reg. 1062-1095) himself [Teviotdale (1991), pp. 277-83, 409-12, and (1998), p. 220]. While some scholars maintain that each manuscript was painted by a different artist [Teviotdale (1991), p. 245, and (1992) and (1995); Karkov (2007)], others believe that they were the work of the same illuminator [Turner in Backhouse et al. (1984), no. 71; Gameson (1991); Heslop (2007)]. Most recently, Heslop (2007) has suggested that the two manuscripts demonstrate the development of a remarkably creative artist based at Worcester, who may have illuminated Pembroke MS 302 for Ealdred, Bishop of Worcester and Hereford (reg. 1056-1060) in the mid-eleventh century, and the Caligula Troper for his successor at Worcester, Wulfstan, in the third quarter of the century [for this dating of the Troper, see Teviotdale (1998), pp. 219-20]. The concept of artistic development in terms of style could go some way towards explaining the differences between the Troper and Pembroke MS 302, for instance in their treatment of figures and faces (more exaggerated and experimental in the Troper) or in their colour scheme (harsher and darker in the Troper). Another promising avenue is the scientific analysis of the materials and painting techniques in the two manuscripts. These have received a detailed art historical study in the Troper [Teviotdale (1991), pp. 245-50], based on examination under the microscope and an earlier analysis of painting samples produced as modern reconstructions of medieval recipes and suggesting pigments likely to have been used in both manuscripts [Roosen-Runge (1967), I, pp. 67-69]. Such close investigation has not yet been undertaken on Pembroke MS 302, which reveals an innovative combination of impasto and scumble techniques. While the style is uniform enough to suggest that Pembroke MS 302 was the work of a single artist, his eagerness to explore new materials, techniques and design solutions even within the same manuscript is demonstrated in the miniature of St Mark (f. 38r). In addition to its striking composition and complex textual allusions [Karkov (2007)], its subtly different design, proportions and colour scheme suggest a strong interest in experimentation. Particularly noticeable is the difference in the blue and green pigments, which are flaking in the miniature of St Mark, but not in the remaining images. This may be to the use of different components (either pigments or binders, or both), with which the artist was experimenting. There appears to be only one type of green in the Troper, tentatively identified as verdigris, while blue is virtually absent [Teviotdale (1991), pp. 222-23]. Non-invasive analysis in situ would result in a more reliable identification of pigments, binders and techniques, offering a sound basis for comparison between the two manuscripts. Dr Stella Panayotova| Publications not otherwise cited in the bibliography
  • H. Roosen-Runge, Farbgebung und Technik frühmittelalterlicher Buchmalerei: Studien zu den Traktaten 'Mappae Clavicula' und 'Heraclius', Kunstwissenschaftliche Studien 38 (Munich, 1967), 2 vols
  • A.E. Planchart, The Repertory of Tropes at Winchester (Princeton: University Press, 1977).
  • F. Wormald, 'Anglo-Saxon Painting', in Collected writings I: Studies in medieval art from the sixth to the twelfth centuries (1984)
  • E.C. Teviotdale, 'The Cotton Troper (London, British Library, Cotton MS Caligula A.xiv, ff. 1-36): a study of an illustrated English troper of the eleventh century', unpublished PhD dissertation (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1991)
  • E.C. Teviotdale, 'Some thoughts on the place of origin of the Cotton Troper', in Cantus Planus: papers read at the Fourth Meeting of the Cantus Planus Study Group of the International Musicological Society, Pécs, Hungary, 3-8 September 1990, ed. by L. Dobszay (Budapest, 1992), 407-412
  • E.C. Teviotdale, 'The Hereford Troper and Hereford', in Medieval art, architecture and archaeology at Hereford, ed. by D. Whitehead, British Archaeological Association Conference Transactions 15 (Leeds, 1995), 75-81
  • E.C. Teviotdale, 'An episode in the medieval afterlife of the Caligula Troper', in Anglo-Saxon manuscripts and their heritage, ed. by P. Pulsiano and E. Treharne (Aldershot, 1998)

Language(s): Latin and Old English

1. 1r-7r
Canon Tables
Language(s): Latin
2. 8r
Hereford-Worcester diocesan boundaries
Language(s): Old English, with Latin rubric
Rubric: 8r: Hanc discretionem fecit Æthestanus episcopus
Incipit: 8r: Ður ligd þe bisceop rice . into hereforda
Explicit: 8r: of eardig tune eft insæfern . in quatt ford ||

Description in Old English of the boundary between the dioceses of Hereford and Worcester, as established by Æthelstan, bishop of Hereford (reg. (1013-1056). Ends imperfectly.

Förster (1941)
3. 9v-117v
Gospel lectionary
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 9v: Initium sancti evangeli domini nostri ihesu christi secundum matheum
Incipit: 9v: Liber generationis ihesu christi fili david filii abraham
Explicit: 117v: Et scimus quia uerum est testimonium eius
Final rubric: 117v: mundum posse capere eos qui scribendi sunt libros ; finit

Extracts from the Gospels arranged in narrative, not liturgical, order.

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 10r: Abraham autem genuit
Form: codex
Support: Parchment (HFFH)
Extent: Codex: ii + 117 + 3 leaves. 195 × 100 mm.
Foliation:

Early 21st-century foliation

[a], i + 1-117 + 118-120

Written faintly in pencil in the top right-hand corner of the recto side of each leaf.

Collation

  • Quire 18-1 (ff. 1-7: 1st leaf missing)
  • Quires 2-148 (ff. 8-111)
  • Quire 158-2 (ff. 112-117v: 7th and 8th leaves excised)

18-1 (1st leaf missing) 2-148 158-2 (7th-8th leaves missing)

Layout

155 × 70 mm. Ruled in hardpoint, frame and line. Single columns. 20 lines to the page, written above top line.

Hand(s)

Written in Caroline minuscule.

Text added to f. 8r written in Insular minuscule.

Display scripts used for the opening words of each Gospel (see Decoration).

Decoration

Twelve Canon Tables (ff. 1r-6v) framed within gold columns and arches, decorated with masonry and foliage in blue, red, orange and purple, with patterns drawn or punched on the gold, and including two eagles perched at the top left and right (ff. 2v, 4v), a man pointing at an open book (f. 5v) and instructing another man (f. 6r), and a monk bent over a book, with two cockerels perched at top left and right (f. 6v). More Canon Tables may have been planned for inclusion on ff. 7r-8v, which were left blank (save for a short text added to f. 7r).

Four full-page miniatures in purple, red, orange, blue, green, and gold with drapery folds, floral and geometric patterns deeply incised and drawn in black ink, at the beginning of each Gospel:

  • f. 9r: St Matthew seated, holding a book open with a knife, and dipping his quill into an inkpot
  • f. 38r: St Mark seated beside a lectern with an open book and an inkpot or lantern attached to it, turning towards the sunlight coming in through the window, and holding his quill up ready to trim it
  • f. 60v: St Luke seated, his quill behind his ear, holding an open book on a lectern and a knife in his right hand
  • f. 88v: St John seated, holding a book open with his knife and writing in it

Four gold initials at the beginning of each Gospel, followed by the opening lines written in a hierarchy of scripts, diminishing in size, from gold, blue, red and purple square capitals, rustic capitals and uncials to the Caroline minuscule of the main text:

  • f. 9v: Gospel of St Matthew: eleven-line initial L, shaped of gold interlace with a beast's head and foliage in blue, green and red
  • f. 38v: Gospel of St Mark: fifteen-line initial I, shaped of gold interlace and terminating in foliage and two long-eared birds' heads in blue, purple, green and red
  • f. 61r: Gospel of St Luke: nine-line initial Q, with foliage infill in gold, red, blue and green, the letter's tail shaped of a blue and orange dragon attacking a cockerel with a snake's tail (labelled 'b·ciλiccus', i.e. 'basilicus')
  • f. 89r: Gospel of St John: eleven-line initial I, shaped of gold interlace terminating in birds' and beasts' heads in purple, blue and red

One- to three-line initials in gold, blue, red or purple, with occasional foliate ornament (e.g. ff. 13v, 25v, 74v).

Additions

Notes on the contents of the manuscript by Henry Bradshaw (1831-1886) , University Librarian 1867-1886, on a folded sheet of paper adhered to the rear pastedown. Bradshaw also noted the lack of two leaves at the end of Quire 15 (f. 117v) and may also have been reponsible for adding quire numbers and '+' signs throughout.

Binding

18th-century binding of dark green morocco over pasteboards, gold tooled with rectangular panels: the inner edged with a roll stamp, triangular foliate devices at the mid-points of the outer, with fleurons at the corners. Spine panels also gold-tooled. Repaired by Sydney Morris ('Sandy') Cockerell, 1906-1987 , July 1973: report adhered to f. 119v.

History

Origin: Mid-11th century. ; England.

Thomson (2022): 'From Hereford or Worcester Cathedral, but probably made for private, not liturgical use'; Illuminated Manuscripts in Cambridge, Part 4, vol. 1 (2013): '[P]robably Worcester'.

Provenance and Acquisition

At Worcester Cathedral Priory or Hereford Cathedral by the late eleventh century, as indicated by the description of the boundary between the two dioceses (see f. 8r).

William Mundy (c. 1699-1735) , fellow of Pembroke College: name inscribed on f. [a] recto.

Venn:ACAD MNDY597W

Presented to Pembroke College by William Mundy (c. 1699-1735) , fellow of Pembroke College: inscription on f. i recto, 'Ex dono Gulielmi Mundy A.P.S 1730' (the date written in a different ink, probably by a different, later hand).

Additional Information

Record Sources

This catalogue entry draws on the entry composed by Stella Panayotova in A catalogue of western book illumination in the Fitzwilliam Museum and the Cambridge Colleges, ed. by Nigel Morgan and Stella Panayotova, with the assistance of Rebecca Rushforth, Illuminated Manuscripts in Cambridge, Part 4: The British Isles, Vol. 1: Insular and Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts, c. 700-c. 1100 (London: Harvey Miller, 2013), and reproduces the 'Comments' section as the introductory summary here (by kind permission of the author and editors). Additional details have been drawn from R.M. Thomson, A descriptive catalogue of the medieval manuscripts of Pembroke College, Cambridge (Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2022) (by kind permission of the author).

Availability

Researchers should note that Pembroke College's western European medieval manuscripts are housed at Cambridge University Library. Scholars who wish to consult Pembroke College manuscripts should contact the Special Collections Reading Room to arrange their visit; all University Library admissions procedures will apply. For information on eligibility and admissions procedures, see Joining the Library. For further enquiries, and to confirm the availability of the manuscript, please contact the Special Collections Reading Room.

Bibliography

    Editions

    Der Flussname Themse und seine Sippe: Studien zur Anglisierung keltischer Eigennamen und zur Lautchronologie des Altbritischen Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-historische Abt., Förster, Max (München, In Kommission bei C.H. Beck, 1941)

Bibliography

    Manuscript Descriptions

    A descriptive catalogue of the manuscripts in the library of Pembroke College, Cambridge, James, M.R. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1905) Catalogue of manuscripts containing Anglo-Saxon, Ker, N.R. (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1957) Anglo-Saxon charters: an annotated list and bibliography Royal Historical Society guides and handbooks, Sawyer, P.H. (London, Royal Historical Society, 1968, https://esawyer.lib.cam.ac.uk/about/index.html) The golden age of Anglo-Saxon art, 966-1066, (London, British Museum Publications, 1984) Manuscripts from Anglo-Saxon England: an exhibition in the University Library Cambridge to mark the conference of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists, August 1985, (Cambridge, Cambridge University Library, 1985) Text from <hi rend="italics">The York Gospels</hi> The York Gospels: a facsimile Roxburghe Club, McGurk, Patrick (London, 43-65, W.E. Baxter Lewis, 1986) Liturgy and the ecclesiastical history of late Anglo-Saxon England: four studies Studies in Anglo-Saxon history, Dumville, David N. (Woodbridge, Boydell Press, 1992) Anglo-Saxon textual illustration: photographs of sixteen manuscripts with descriptions and index, (Kalamazoo, Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1992) Catalogue of the manuscripts in Hereford Cathedral Library, Mynors, R.A.B.Thomson, Rodney M.Gullick, Michael (Woodbridge, Boydell & Brewer, 1993) The Anglo-Saxon gospelbooks of Judith, countess of Flanders: their text, make-up and function Anglo-Saxon England, McGurk, PatrickRosenthal, Jane (24, 251-308, 1995, http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/anglosaxon-gospelbooks-of-judith-countess-of-flanders-their-text-makeup-and-function/EB6E90255BCB888B7E3ED16A0B22BF9A) Die Westsächsische Evangelienversion und die Perikopenordnungen im angelsächsischen England Texte und Untersuchungen zur englischen Philologie, Lenker, Ursula (München, W. Fink, 1997) The insular Gospel book at Hereford Cathedral Scriptorium, Gameson, Richard (56, 1, 48-79, 2002, https://www.persee.fr/doc/scrip_0036-9772_2002_num_56_1_1945) The Cambridge Illuminations: Ten Centuries of Book Production in the Medieval West, (London, Harvey Miller, 2005) St Wulfstan, the library of Worcester and the spirituality of the medieval book St. Wulfstan and his world Studies in early medieval Britain, Gameson, Richard (Aldershot, 59-104, Ashgate, 2005) Writing and having written: word and image in the Eadwig Gospels Writing and texts in Anglo-Saxon England Publications of the Manchester center for Anglo-Saxon Studies, Karkov, Catherine E. (Woodbridge, 44-61, Boydell & Brewer, 2006) Manuscript illumination at Worcester c. 1055-1065: the origins of the Pembroke Lectionary and the Caligula Troper The Cambridge illuminations: the conference papers, Heslop, T.A. (London, 65-75, Harvey Miller, 2007) St Margaret's gospel-book: the favourite book of an eleventh-century queen of Scots Treasures from the Bodleian Library, Rushforth, Rebecca (Oxford, Bodleian Library, 2007) Anglo-Saxon scribes and scriptoria Cambridge history of the book in Britain, Gameson, Richard (Cambridge, 1: c. 400-1100, 94-120, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521583459.004) The material fabric of early British books The Cambridge history of the book in Britain, Gameson, Richard (Cambridge, 1: c. 400-1100, 13-93, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521583459.003) A conspectus of scribal hands writing English, 960-1100 Publications of the Manchester Centre for Anglo-Saxon studies, Scragg, D.G. (Cambridge, D.S. Brewer, 2012) A catalogue of western book illumination in the Fitzwilliam Museum and the Cambridge colleges Illuminated manuscripts in Cambridge, (London, 1: Insular and Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, c. 700-c. 1100, Harvey Miller, 2013)

Bibliography

    Manuscript Decoration

    English illuminated manuscripts: from the Xth to the XIIIth century, Millar, Eric George (Paris; Bruxelles, G. van Oest, 1926) English art, 871-1100 Oxford history of English art series, Rice, David Talbot (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1952) Painting in Britain: The Middle Ages Pelican History of Art, Rickert, Margaret (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1965) English Illuminated Manuscripts 700-1500, (Bruxelles, Bibliotheque Royale Albert Ier, 1973) Romanesque manuscripts, 1066-1190 A Survey of manuscripts illuminated in the British Isles, Kauffmann, C. M. (London, H. Miller, 1975) Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, 900-1066 A Survey of manuscripts illuminated in the British Isles, Temple, Elżbieta (London, Harvey Miller, 1976) Insular and Anglo-Saxon illuminated manuscripts: an iconographic catalogue, c. A.D. 625 to 1100 Garland reference library of the humanities, Ohlgren, Thomas H. (New York, Garland, 1986) English Manuscript Art in the Mid-Eleventh Century: The Decorative Tradition The Antiquaries Journal, Gameson, Richard (71, 64-122, 1991, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquaries-journal/article/english-manuscript-art-in-the-mideleventh-century-the-decorative-tradition/D4E3600ADD8843DBDA485E9D3A76DA5E) The role of art in the late Anglo-Saxon church Oxford historical monographs, Gameson, Richard (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1995) Manuscript illumination at Worcester c. 1055-1065: the origins of the Pembroke Lectionary and the Caligula Troper The Cambridge illuminations: the conference papers, Heslop, T.A. (London, 65-75, Harvey Miller, 2007) Evangelist portraits and book production in late Anglo-Saxon England The Cambridge illuminations: the conference papers, Karkov, Catherine E. (London, 55-63, Harvey Miller, 2007) St Margaret's gospel-book: the favourite book of an eleventh-century queen of Scots Treasures from the Bodleian Library, Rushforth, Rebecca (Oxford, Bodleian Library, 2007) The Veil of Moses as exegetical image in the illustrated Old English Hexateuch (London, CL, Cotton Ms. Claudius B. iv) Insular & Anglo-Saxon art and thought in the early medieval period Occasional papers (Princeton University. Department of Art and Archaeology. Index of Christian Art), Broderick, H.R. (Princeton, N.J., 271-286, Princeton University Press, 2011) Book decoration in England, c. 871-c. 1100 The Cambridge history of the book in Britain, Gameson, Richard (Cambridge, 1: c. 400-1100, 249-293, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521583459.011) Anglo-Saxon gospel books, c. 900-1066 The Cambridge history of the book in Britain, McGurk, Patrick (Cambridge, 1: c. 400-1100, 436-448, Cambridge University Press, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521583459.003)

Bibliography

    Secondary

    History of the Vulgate in England from Alcuin to Roger Bacon: being an inquiry into the text of some English manuscripts of the Vulgate Gospels, Glunz, H.H. (Cambridge, University Press, 1933) Der Flussname Themse und seine Sippe: Studien zur Anglisierung keltischer Eigennamen und zur Lautchronologie des Altbritischen Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-historische Abt., Förster, Max (München, In Kommission bei C.H. Beck, 1941) The early charters of the West Midlands Studies in early English history, Finberg, H. P. R. (Leicester, University Press, 1961) Religion and literature in western England, 600-800 Cambridge studies in Anglo-Saxon England, Sims-Williams, Patrick (Cambridge, University Press, 1990, https://doi-org.ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/10.1017/CBO9780511553042) Book production and decoration at Worcester in the tenth and eleventh centuries St. Oswald of Worcester: life and influence Studies in the early history of Britain, Gameson, Richard (London, 194-243, Leicester University Press, 1996) The West Saxon Gospels and the gospel-lectionary in Anglo-Saxon England: manuscript evidence and liturgical practice Anglo-Saxon England, Lenker, Ursula (28, 141-178, 1999) Diocese and cathedral before 1056 Hereford Cathedral: a history, Keynes, Simon (London, 3-20, Hambledon, 2000) An early boundary of the dioceses of Canterbury and Rochester A commodity of good names: essays in honour of Margaret Gelling, Brooks, N.P. (Donington, Lincolnshire, 28-43, Shaun Tyas, 2008) Pembroke College 302: abbreviated gospel book or gospel lectionary? The study of medieval manuscripts of England: festschrift in honor of Richard W. Pfaff Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, Teviotdale, E.C. (Tempe, Arizona, 69-99, ACMRS Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies in collaboration with Brepols, 2010) The Anglo-Saxon psalter Medieval church studies, Toswell, M.J. (Turnhout, Brepols, 2014)

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