Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, Jesus College, MS Q.G.12

Tabula medicine

Contents

Introduction: This manuscript largely consists of a copy of the Tabula medicine, a vast compilation of medical remedies, which also includes charms and magical and alchemical recipes, all arranged in alphabetical order. According to Peter Jones, the original compilation of this work was made in an English mendicant community between 1416 and 1425, since these dates are given in the explicit of a copy of the work in London, University College, MS Lat. 11 . The origin of the compiliation is suggested by the reference to various mendicant healers, including St Dominic and the Franciscan friars Robert Winstanton and William Holme. The Tabula medicine was subsequently adopted by English physicians and expanded with references to authorities in their field. As Jones notes, this manuscript contains notable references to Thomas Duncan (d. 1425, who studied medicine as a Fellow at Merton College, Oxford; and Gilbert Kymer (d. 1463), an Oxford M.D. (1423), who served as physician to Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. This manuscript may be an early copy of the Tabula medicine, since it contains a nativity on f. g recto that is dated to 1428. Despite additions attributed to physicians, the manuscript may have been produced in a religious or monastic context. The latter is suggested by the quotation of theological sayings and the repeated occurence of the 'IHS' monogram in the upper margins of the manuscript's first and final pages. Unfortunately, nothing is known about the manuscript's early provenance: an ownership inscription appears to have been removed by cutting out a rectangular piece of parchment from the lower margin of f. I. Dr Clarck Drieshen| Project Cataloguer |Curious Cures in Cambridge Libraries|

Language(s): Latin with some Middle English

1. A recto
Index of diseases
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: A recto Caput / Soda / Emigranea
Explicit: A recto ffetor / C[a]ris ffetor
eTK 0191N (t0036640000)
2. A recto
References to medical works
Language(s): Latin

Written in the outer margin of the page but erased or faded and now barely legible with UV light. Among the rerfences is the Expositio super Antidotario Mesue of Christophorus Georgius de Honestis.

3. A verso [upper margin]
Liturgical song
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: A verso Salue salus mundi verbum patris hostia vera / Vina caro . deitas integra. verus homo
4. A verso-B recto
Medical prognostications attributed to Hippocrates Pseudo-Hippocrates
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: A verso Peruenit ad nos quod cum Ypocras morti apropinquasset precepit ut virtutes subscripte capsula eburnea cum eo in sepulcro ponerentur ne aliquos eas detegreat Cum vero Cesar vellet videre sepculcrum Ypo[cratis] venit ad ipsum et inspexit erat eum valde deturpatum. precepit que Cesar illud amoueri et aliquid [?] fabricari cumque apropinquassent sepulcrum inventa est illa capsula eburnea cum scripto de virtutibus quod Cesar fecit probari qui dicitur secreta Christo et sunt signa pronostica
Incipit: B recto Quando ergo in superficie infirmi fuerit apostema ci non invenitur tactus
Explicit: B recto Quando fuerit pustula sub ceruise uel in palpebra inferiori sinistri oculi .s. pustula alba scias quod paciens morietur .xi. die sue egritudinis. Signum est quod desiderauit dulcia in principio .s. egritudinis
Final rubric: B recto Explicit
5. B recto [upper margin]
Moral saying
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: B recto [upper margin] Vir videas quid tu iubeas dum magnus haberis / Et videas ne forte vnas cum stare puteris
6. B verso-H recto
Recipes for medical balms, waters, and oils
Language(s): Latin
7. C verso [upper margin]
Saying about religious images
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: C verso [upper margin] Effigiem Christi qui transis pronus honora / Non tamen efficiem sed quem designat adora
8. D recto [upper margin]
Saying about religious images
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: A verso Nec deus est nec homo present quam cernis ymago / Sed deus est et homo quem sacra figurat ymago
9. H recto-I verso
Alphabetical subject index for the Tabula medicine
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: H recto A: Abhominacio fo. i.o A.
Explicit: I verso Vulua fo. 274. A.
10. 1r-275r
Tabula medicine [Alphabetical handbook of medicinal simples from 'Abhominacio' to 'Vulua']
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 1r Abhominacio / Contra abhominacionem et fastidium
Explicit: 275r Item oua perdicis iniuncta super vuluam elargant eam secundum gaddesden

Titles of recipes and names of medical authorities are written in the margins throughout the text, e.g.: ‘Electuarium Rasis’ (f. 1v), ‘Johannis de Arden’ (f. 7v), ‘Emplastrum gerardi’ (f. 14v), ‘holm’ (f. 15v), ‘Aliud balsamum ffratris holm’ (f. 17r), ‘[Johannes] Robrok’ (f. 17v), ‘Waynflet’ (f. 22v), ‘Gaddesden’ (f. 24r), ‘Rogerus Castell’ (f. 55r), ‘[Magister] Ferrarius’ (f. 78r), ‘Pulius Castell’ (f. 82v), ‘Waynflet’ (f. 104r), ‘[Rogerus] Radcliffe’ (f. 105v), ‘[Pulius Johannis] Sowthan’ (f. 106r), ‘Pensax’ and ‘Stokes’ (f. 113r), ‘Ricardus de Poules’, ‘[Robertus] Waynflet’ (f. 121r), ‘[ffrater Robertus] Wystantoun’ (f. 135r), ‘rector de Billislay’ (f. 135v), ‘Gerardus [de solo]’ (f. 136r), ‘Bartholomeus in breviario’ (f. 145r), ‘Johannis de Sancto Amando’ (f. 147r), ‘pro pestilencia secunum medicum ducis glowcestere’ (f. 177r), ‘Emplastrum quod dicitur Emanuel magister’ (f. 177v), ‘Aschinden’ (f. 178r), ‘Emanuel Fernandi’ (f. 182v), ‘Albertus de saxonia’ (f. 232r), ‘Haly’ (f. 233v), ‘Symon Wellys’ (f. 234r), ‘Barnardus de Gordonio’ (f. 236v), ‘Johannes Ray’ (f. 248v).

Another copy of this text can be found in Cambridge, King's College, MS 16 , ff. 1r-145r.

eTK 0009M (t0001630000)
Jones (2008)
Jones (2011), pp. 281 fn. 1, 287
11. 275v-276v
Medical recipes
Language(s): Latin and Middle English

The recipes refer to medieval physicians: ‘Pulius pestilenciae secundum Hall. de Lichefeld’ (f. 275v); ‘Lichefeld ut creditur’ (f. 275v); and ‘Gilbertus Kymer’ (f. 276r).

The collection contains one Middle English recipe on f. 276r ‘pro sciatica’. This recipe has been fully transcribed by Lucas (2016), p. 52. They are mainly for the pestilence.

eVK2 6477.00 (v0073300000)
Lucas (2016), p. 52
12. 277r-280v
Compendium compositionum Bernard de Gordon
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 277r Quoniam de melioribus amicis quos habere vidiar [sic: videor]
Explicit: 280v cum medicinis infrigidantibus renes de vesicam que dicte sunt superius
Final rubric: 280v Explicit practica Magistri bernardi de villa Noua Cathalani
eTK 1270E (t0243660000)
13. 280v
Medical recipe
Language(s): Latin recipe with an (?) English heading

The recipe's heading is written with Greek capital letters and can be transliterated as 'Wert', suggesting that the recipe concerns a treatment for warts.

The recipe appears to be a later 15th-century addition to the manuscript.

14. 181r-282v
Tractatus omnium membrorum Bernard de Gordon
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 281r Incipit tractatus breuis et vtilis Bernardi de Gordonio
Incipit: 281r omni membrorum disparatorum
Explicit: 282v in membro existentis que mens et vtile sit medicamen valias exibere
Final rubric: 282v Et sic finiuntur quedam secreta Bernardi
15. 282v
Poem on wisdom of physicians
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 282v Non didici gratis nec musa sagax Ipocratis
Explicit: 282v Nam si post queris querens inimicus haberis

Another copy of this poem, entitled ‘De prudentia Medici sumentis pro labore’ is edited in Croke (1830), p. 46.

16. 283r-285v
Alphabetical index of recipes in the Tabula medicine
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 283r Alipta muscata .fo. 15. a.
Explicit: 285v Vnguentum nigrum - 155 .b.
17. 286r-298v
Alphabetical list of plants in Latin and English
Language(s): Latin and Middle English
Incipit: 286r Aaron barba aron jarus pes vituli zekesters ca. et sicc.
Explicit: 298v Zegi id est vitriolum

Similar lists of plant names in Latin and English can be found in Cambridge, Trinity College, MS O.9.10 , ff. 1r-26v Oxford, Pembroke College, MS 2 , ff. 343r-348v; and Sheffield Record Office, Jackson Collection 1302 , f. 133v [incomplete].

This item contains occasional English plant names but is not recorded in Lucas (2016). Further study on this text is needed, but based on the incipit and explicit its closest match is the ‘Sinonoma Bartholomei’ in Oxford, Pembroke College, MS 2.

Mowat (1882), pp. 45-46 [without this manuscript]
Holthausen (1898), pp. 158-163 [without this manuscript]
18. 298v
Single line
Language(s): Middle Enligsh
Incipit: 298v for þe mesure and wayte þat dothe teache

Added in the later 15th century.

19. 298v-299v
Lists of diseases and ingredients for medical recipes
Language(s): Latin

The lists contain various titles, e.g. ‘venena vsualia’, ‘Infirmitates contagiose’, and ‘Oleum exetrie’. Although it has not been included in Lucas (2016), the ingredients listed occasionally are written in Middle English, e.g.: ‘Tyme’, ‘Strawbery’, and ‘Borage’.

20. 298v
Medical poem
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 298v Septem sunt cara quia bona vei quia rara / Balsamus ambra tirus caro lignum camphora muscus / Est opos succus . xilo lignum . carpo que frucons [sic: fructus]

Full transcription.

The same poem is found in the Luminare maius by Giovanni Giacomo Manlio di Bosco (fl. 1490-post 1500).

21. 299r
Collection of magical and alchemical recipes
Language(s): Latin

The collection contains a recipe for making an unbreakable and unpenetrable substance from goat's blood, vinegar and the juice of absinth; to become able to break free from any prison; to capture fish; to recover stolen goods.

22. 299r-299v
Recipe for making gold or silver ink
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 299r Ad faciendum encaustum aureum uel argenteum
23. 299v
Recipes for making oils of flowers
Language(s): Latin

The recipes are for making ‘Oleum de floribus’ and ‘Oleum camomille’.

24. 300r-g recto
Medical recipes
Language(s): Latin and Middle English

The recipes are largely written in Latin but three recipes on f. g recto feature Middle English names for ingredients (not included in Lucas (2016).

One recipe on f. 301r has been attributed to Peter Stanley (‘secundum Petrum de Stanley’); another instruction on f. g recto refers to those born in the year ‘1448’. They mention the following (among others): sciatica, digestion, laxatives, oils for application to the back, decongesting and passing urine, tremor in the head.

25. g recto
Verses
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: g recto μηδει ἀγαυ [?] ne quid nimis / μηδει γvβθι ςε αὐτος [?] nosce te ipsum

The transcription of the Greek words is derived from M.R. James (1895).

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: Secundo folio B recto: vir videas
Secundo Folio: Secundo folio I recto: Morsus
Secundo Folio: Secundo folio 2r: -cum
Form: codex
Support: Quires 1 and 18 are of parchment(FHFH) [ff. A-H and ff. b-g]; and quires 2-17 predominantly consist of paper [ff. 2-9, 12-19, 22-29, 32-39, 42-49, 52-59, 62-69, 72-79, 82-89, 92-99, 102-109, 112-119, 122-129, 132-139, 142-149, 152-159, 162-169, 172-179, 182-183, 186-188, 191-198, 201-209, 212-219, 222-229, 232-239, 242-249, 252-259, 262-269, 272-75, 278-281, 289-291, 294-301] but have parchment inner and outer leaves [ff. I-1, 10-11, 20-21, 30-31, 40-41, 50-51, 60-61, 70-71, 80-81, 90-91, 100-101, 110-111, 120-121, 130-131, 140-141, 150-151, 160-161, 170-171, 180-181, 184-185, 189-190, 199-200, 210-211, 220-221, 230-231, 240-241, 250-251, 260-261, 270-271, 276-277, 282-288, 292-293, 302]. Paper, folded in quarto. Folios 2-9, 12-19, 22-29, 32-39, 42-49, 52-59, 62-69, 72-79, 82-89, 92-99, 102-109, 112-119: Three mountains with a cross in a circle. Folios 122-129, 132-139, 142-149, 152-159, 162-169, 172-179, 182-183, 186-188, 191-198, 201-209, 212-219, 222-229, 232-239, 242-249, 252-259, 262-269, 272-75, 278-281, 289-291, 294-301: bull.
Extent: Codex: i + 313 + i leaves. 185-190 × 130 mm.
Foliation:

20th-century foliation:

[i], A-I, 1-166, 169-172, 175-302, b-g, [ii]

Numbering in pencil in the upper right-hand corner of select rectos. f. 302 has also been foliated as 'a', but is identified by its folio number in this record.
Foliation:

15th-century foliation:

'1'-'166', '169'-'172', '175'-'301' for ff. 1-166, 169-172, 175-302.

Written in ink in the upper right-hand corner of the recto of each leaf

Folio numbers 167-168 and 173-174 assigned to leaves no longer present in the volume (as per historic foliation practice).

Collation

This collation deviates from that of M.R. James (1895) in adding a parchment leaf, not accounted for in James's collation, to quire 2. It also accounts for 4 missing leaves in quire 10 which is described as a regular quire of 20 leaves by James.

  • Quire 18 (ff. A-H)
  • Quire 220+1 (ff. I-20: 1 parchment leaf added before 1st leaf)
  • Quires 3-920 (ff. 21-160)
  • Quire 1020-4 (ff. 161-180: 7th, 8th, 13th, 14th leaves missing)
  • Quire 118 (ff. 181-188)
  • Quire 1222 (ff. 189-210)
  • Quires 13-1520 (ff. 211-270)
  • Quire 1612 (ff. 271-282)
  • Quire 1720 (ff. 283-302)
  • Quire 188-2 (ff. b-g: 6th-7th leaves missing)

18 220+1 (1 leaf added before 1st leaf) 3-920 1020-4 (7th, 8th, 13th, 14th leaves missing) 118 1222 13-1520 1612 1720 188-2 (6th-7th leaves missing)

Leaf numbers occasionally visible in the right-hand lower corners of the of the first halves of quires.

Occasional catchwords, written in brown ink in the right-hand lower margins of the last versos of quires.

Layout

135-140 × 85-90 mm. Ruled in ink, frame only. Mainly single columns (except f. A recto which has 5 columns, ff. A recto and ff. 283r-299vwhich have 2 columns, and f. b recto which has 3 columns. 33-41 lines to the page, written below top line.

Hand(s)

Copied by several hands working in a cursive script with both anglicana and secretary features.

Decoration

Two large (3-line) initials in red ink on f. 1r.

Manicules in brown ink throughout the manuscript.

Additions

Modern quire numbers '1'-'18' written in the right-hand lower corners of the first rectos of quires.

Binding

20th-century quarter brown goatskin with marbled paper sides and vellum corner tips; the spine with five raised bands and gold-stamped with the classmark: 'Q' 'G' '12'.

Remains of the previous binding have been pasted on the inside of the rear cover, featuring three fragments of the old spine. These comprise two pieces of brown leather with blind-tooled decoration and a strip of leather with a gold-tooled title inscription: ‘Miscellanea Medica MSS.’.

History

Origin: Second quarter of the 15th century. ; England.
Jones (2011), p. 287

Provenance and Acquisition

It is unknown how the manuscript was acquired by Jesus College: its armorial bookplate with the inscription: ‘Collegium Jesu Cantabrigiense 1700’ pasted on the inside of the front cover; and its classmark 'Q G 12' is gold stamped on the spine.

Additional Information

Record Sources

This catalogue entry draws on the description provided by Angela M. Lucas, Manuscripts in Christ's Church, Emmanuel, Jesus, Selwyn and Sidney Sussex Colleges, Peterhouse and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, The Index of Middle English Prose, Handlist 22 (Cambridge: Brewer, 2016) and M.R. James, A descriptive catalogue of the manuscripts in the library of Jesus College, Cambridge (London: Clay, 1895).

Availability

Visitors to Jesus College who wish to consult Special Collections material are required to apply to the Old Library in advance of their visit. For information on eligibility and admission procedures see: Jesus College: Old Library.

Bibliography

    Sinonoma Bartholomei: A glossary from a fourteenth-century manuscript in the Library of Pembroke college, Oxford, Mowat, L.G. (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1882) Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, a poem on the preservation of health in rhyming Latin verse : addressed by the school of Salerno to Robert of Normandy, son of William the Conqueror, Croke, Alexander (Oxford, Talboys, 1830, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/d64uegmv) A descriptive catalogue of manuscripts in the library of Jesus College, Cambridge, James, M. R. (London, Clay, 1895) Mittelenglische und altfranzösische Pflanzenglossen Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen, Holthausen, Ferdinand (100, 158-163, 1898) The <hi rend="italics">Tabula medicine</hi>: an evolving encyclopedia English Manuscript Studies: 1100-1700, Jones, Peter Murray (14, 60-85, 2008) Mediating Collective Experience: The <hi rend="italics">Tabula Medicine</hi> (1416-1425) as a Handbook for Medical Practice Between Text and Patient: The Medical Enterprise in Medieval & Early Modern Europe Micrologus Library, , (Florence, 279-308, SISMEL. Edizioni del Galluzzo, 2011) Manuscripts in Christ's, Emmanuel, Jesus, Selwyn and Sidney Sussex Colleges, Peterhouse and Trinity Hall, Cambridge Index of Middle English prose, Lucas, Angela M. (Cambridge, D.S. Brewer, 2016) The Medicine of the Friars in Medieval England Health and Healing in the Middle Ages, Jones, Peter Murray (Woodbridge, Boydell & Brewer, 2024, https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.5558126)

Funding of Cataloguing

Wellcome

Digital Images

Cambridge Digital Library