Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 190/223

Medical texts

Contents

Introduction: A colophon tells us that the bulk of this manuscript — two popular texts by the English surgeon John Arderne (1307-92) known as the Liber receptorum medicinalium (ff. 7r-43v) and the Practica of fistula in ano (ff. 50r-90v) — was copied in the mid-fifteenth century at the Premonstratensian Abbey of Hagnaby in Lincolnshire. John Welles, scribe, writes that he finished copying the first Arderne treatise (which he calls the Experimenta [experiments]) in 1440, and additional medical texts, recipes and charms in Latin, Dutch and English were added, including a treatise on bloodletting by Ricardus Anglicus (ff. 92r-96v) and an incomplete commentary on Constantinus Africanus’s Viaticum (ff. 102r-109v). The Arderne texts were especially common in fifteenth-century English medical compendia, providing advice and recipes for treating common ailments. The fistula in ano treatise focuses on how to eliminate painful anal fistula and is well-known today for the illustrations that Arderne himself devised to accompany his writings. The manuscript also notably includes a discrete parchment libellus (a small booklet) of three bifolia containing anatomical images that dates to c. 1200 (ff. 1r-6v). While the Arderne and other texts reveal the usefulness of such practical medical writings to the fifteenth-century canons of Hagnaby, the origin and inclusion of the anatomical libellus present a greater mystery. The nine full-page images are among the earliest anatomical figures in Western Europe, representations of Galen’s nine systems of the body (veins, arteries, bones, nerves, muscles, male reproductive system, stomach and abdominal organs, female reproductive system and brain and ocular system). Each system is drawn on its own folio with relevant descriptive pseudo-Galenic text and captions surrounding or within the diagrams themselves. This is the second appearance of the first five diagrams—known as the Five-Figure Series—featuring squatting human figures upon which the veins, arteries, bones, nerves and muscles are patterned (the earliest instance is in Munich, Bayerische Staatabibliothek, Clm 13002 [c. 1165]). It is the first time the second four diagrams, which feature up-close, abstracted representations of organs, appear. This libellus was likely the exemplar for Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Ashmole 399, which also contains all nine images. Hagnaby Abbey did not exist when the libellus was created, and so the place of its creation remains unknown. But either the canons at Hagnaby or a subsequent owner combined the anatomical libellus with the Arderne and other medical writings, sewing them together into a leather wallet to create a kind of encyclopaedia of medical knowledge. The manuscript eventually found its way into the hands of William Moore, a fellow of Gonville and Caius College between 1615-47 and collector of medical and astrological manuscripts, who donated his collection to the college. Dr Taylor McCall | Managing Editor, Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies |The Medieval Academy of America Peter Murray Jones provides a full collation and description of the contents in 'Experimenta: compilation and construction in two medieval books', Poetica: An International Journal of Linguistic-Literary Studies 91&92 (2019): 61-80, on pp. 76-77 (Appendix).

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: Parchement and paper
Extent: Codex: 6 | 96 (incl. 1 stub) | 10 (incl. 1 stub) leaves.
Foliation:

Mid-20th-century foliation:

1-6 | 7-101, 102[a] | 101a, 102-110

Numbering in pencil in the upper right-hand corner of the rectos. Two stubbs of excised parchment: the stubb after the last leaf of quire 7 numbered 102[a], and the stubb before the first leaf of quire 8 numbered 101a.

Collation

Collection of 8 quires. Quires 1 and 8 parchment, quires 2-7 with the outer and innermost bifolia of each quire parchment, the intervening sheets folded paper or occasionally parchment. The relationship of quires 7 and 8 unclear, possibly formed just one quire at some point with the stubb numbered 102[a] (end of quire 7) wrapping around quire 8. [Note from Cockerell Bindery 1987: Seven gatherings sewn to cover with two groups of stitches.]

  • Quire 16 (ff. 1-6) |
  • Quire 224 (ff. 7-30: 3 outer- and the innermost sheets parchment, sheets 4-11 paper)
  • Quire 316 (ff. 31-46: sheets 1-3 and 7-8 parchment, sheets 4-6 paper)
  • Quire 416+2 (ff. 47-64: bifolium (ff. 48-49) added after 1st leaf of the quire (f. 47), 1st, the added and the innermost sheets parchment; sheets 3-8 paper)
  • Quire 518 (ff. 65-82: outer- and innermost sheets parchment; sheets 2-8 paper)
  • Quire 616 (ff. 83-98: outer- and innermost sheets parchment; sheets 2-7 paper)
  • Quire 74-1 (ff. 99-101, 102[a]: 4th leaf cancelled, with stub remaining (numbered 102[a] in pencil) |
  • Quire 810-1 (ff. 101a, 102-110: 1st leaf cancelled, with stub remaining (f. 101a)

16 | 324 316 416 518 616 74-1 | 810-1

Condition

Dark parchment, with some cockling. Paper rather soft and damaged at edges. Text faint in places, some mildew.

Additions

Quire signatures ('1-8') in the bottom right-hand corner of the recto side of the first leaf of each quire, written in pencil by a hand of the 19th/20th century.

Binding

Limp leather wrapper of thick skin, with flap, extending from right-hand edge. Red stains on the inside of the fold-over flap and centre of left-hand portion of cover, suggesting presence of former metal fastenings.

Sewing: Two groups of stitches, a number of strands of thin 2 ply thread, cut lose from quires but still in place on leather wrapper.

Buckram covered box made by Douglas Cockerell and Son, October 1987.

Recycled secondary binding from a much older manuscript, possibly Carolingian, but most likely a Romanesque chemise binding, tunnel sewing visible in the upper inside of the left and right cover.

History

Provenance and Acquisition

William Fawn of Skendleby , presumably a former owner: his name inscribed on ff. 92r and 106r, probably in the second half of 15th century. Skendleby is a small village in the south Lincolnshire Wolds.

Robarte Skate , presumably a former owner: his name inscribed twice on f. 100v, probably in the 16th century.

Owned by William Moore (1590-1659) .

Bequeathed to Gonville and Caius College by William Moore (Venn, ACAD MR606W2): no. 1107 in Bernard, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ (c. 1697). (See Pouzet, 'Observations' (2017).

Part 1 [Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 190/223, ff. 1-6]

Contents

Language(s): Latin

1.1. 1r
Notes on ?sleeping
Language(s): Latin

Text now faded and largely illegible, but including the word 'so[m]pnu[m]' in the first line. Written by a hand of the 14th century.

1.2. 1r
Verses on the temperaments from the Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 1r: Proprietates
Incipit: 1r: Sanguine: Largus amans hilaris ridens rubeique coloris
Explicit: 1r: Non experis fraudis timidus luteique colorifi

With notes at ends of verses relating to appetite. Written by a hand of the 14th century. See below, f. 45v, and also:

WIC 10131
eTK 0811N
1.3. 1r
Medical recipe and notes
Language(s): Latin

Written by three hands of the 14th century. The recipe is for an unstated purpose. The text of the notes is now faded and largely illegible.

2. 2r-6r
Anatomical diagrams and text ('Nine figure' series)
Rubric: 2r Istoria arteriarum
Incipit: 2r Incipit historia incisionis sicut Galienus incidit et descripsit

Identified by Taylor McCall as the earliest surviving collection of the 'Nine figure' series. An earlier version of the 'Five figure' series is found in Munich, Bayerische Staatabibliothek, Clm 13002 , while a similar series of illustrations is also found in Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Ashmole 399, ff. 18v-24v (see O'Neill, 1977).

  • Folio 2r: veins (mislabelled as arteries)
  • Folio 2v: arteries (mislabelled as veins)
  • Folio 3r: skeleton
  • Folio 3v: nerves
  • Folio 4r: muscles
  • Folio 4v: male genito-urinary systems
  • Folio 5r: digestive system and liver and kidneys
  • Folio 5v: female genito-urinary systems
  • Folio 6r: brain and ocular system

See T. McCall, '"Reliquam Dicit Pictura": Text and Image in a Twelfth-Century Illustrated Anatomical Manual (Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, MS 190/223)', Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society, 16.1 (2016), pp. 1–22
eTK 0730D (t0140770000)
3. 6v
Diagram
Language(s): Latin

Illustrating the connections between the four classical elements (fire, air, water, earth) with Aristotelian (dry, humid, hot, cold) and Platonic (mobile/immobile, thin/stout, and sharp/blunt) properties, including a sketch of the numeric elements of Platonic Lambda diagram.

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 2r Istoria arteriarum
Form: codex
Support: Parchment
Extent: Codex: 6 leaves. 205 × 160 mm.

Collation

One quire of six leaves (ff. 1-6)

Condition

Lower right corner excised with loss of text on f. 1r. Upper and lower edges trimmed with minor losses to images.

Layout

160 × 130 mm. Pricking for line-ruling of 48 lines and 2 columns visible in the outer and lower margins, but pages not ruled. Text written without ruling, in the spaces left available from the diagrams, disregarding the pricked area.

Hand(s)

Gothic bookhand (hybrida).

Decoration

Folio 1v: Diagram of an eye.

Folios 2r-4r: Five full page anatomical diagrams of male figures (s.c. 'Five-Figure Series' or 'Fünfbilderserie').

Folios 4v-6r: Full page diagrams of male reproductive system, internal organs, female reproductive system, and eyes and brain.

The diagrams on ff. 2r-6r appear often together as a set of images known as the 'Nine-System Figure Series' (See T. McCall (2016) 1-22).

Folio 6v: A diagram illustrative of the connections between the four classical elements (fire, air, water, earth) with Aristotelian (dry, humid, hot, cold) and Platonic (mobile/immobile, thin/stout, and sharp/blunt) properties, including a sketch of the numeric elements of Platonic Lambda diagram.

History

Origin: Late 12th century. ; England or France.

Part 2 [Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 190/223, ff. 7-101]

Contents

1. 7r-43v
Liber receptorum medicinalium John Arderne
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 7r Ad cancrum in virga viris sive in umbilico
Explicit: 43v unum mediocriter.
Colophon: 43v Expliciunt experimenta magister Iohannes Arderne secundum diuersos doctores quibus ipsemet Iohannes usus est et vtilia nimis invenit ac posteris caritatiue scripta reliquid quod Frater Iohannes Welles Canonicus de Hagneby qui scripsit ista anno domini mo cccco xlo quando venit de curia Romana ipso anno quartanam paciebatur per vii menses. Deo gracias.

On top margin f. 7r, Invocation 'Ihesus Maria Assit principio sancta maria virgo'.

eTK 0030M (t0006160000)
eTK 0030M (t0006170000)
2. 43v
Note on (?)measurements
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 43v Nota de . x . mensuris
3. 43v-44r
Medical recipes
Language(s): Middle English and Latin

For making a 'most perfect' aqua vite (ff. 43v-44r), for making a 'simple' aqua vite, for a good laxative, for gout (f. 44r). Copied by hands of the 15th century.

eVK2 4307.00 (v0075450000)
4. 44v-45r
Lunar and planetary tables
Language(s): Latin
5. 45v
On the four seasons of the year
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 45v De quatuor temporibus annis
7. 46r
Notes on measuring time
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 46r Notandum quod quodlibet quatuor temporum habet 3 menses
Explicit: 46r Item quelibet habet . 60 . minuta . et quelibet minuta . 60 . secundas
8. 46r
Notes on measuring days
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 46r Notandum quod dierum alius dicitur naturalis alius artificialis
Explicit: 46r vsque noctem . i . quam diu apparet aliqua lux diei
9. 46r
Verse on bloodletting
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 46r In sene vel iuuene si vene sanguine plene / Omni mense bene confert in scisio sueue
Explicit: 46r Item quelibet habet . 60 . minuta . et quelibet minuta . 60 . secundas

See also Cambridge, St John's College, MS E.29, f. [iv] verso .

10. 46r
Medical recipe
Language(s): Middle English, with Latin rubric

Written by the same hand as the previous items. For sciatica and kidney pain.

11. 46r
Medical recipe
Language(s): Latin

Written by another hand of the 15th century. For the chest and lungs, against venom, and for rheum in the chest, and for wind.

12. 46v
Medical recipe
Language(s): Middle English, with Latin/Middle English rubric
Rubric: 46v Pro Strangorye
Incipit: 46v Recipe bursa pastoris synfole burnet

For stranguary.

13. 46v
Verse on the computus
Language(s): Middle English, with Latin rubric
Rubric: 46v Coquisto de paschali
Incipit: 46v Take in merche the first . C
IMEV 1502
NIMEV 1502
DIMEV 2533 (not listed)
eVK2 5553.00 (v0075460000)
14. 46v
Charm against thieves
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 46v Pro laternibus
Incipit: 46v Fur mea quis capiat hic cum furto requiescat
Explicit: 46v Iudica me deus et cetera O dicatur vsque in finem
15. 46v
Charm against thieves
Language(s): Middle English, with Latin rubric
Rubric: 46v: Pro laternibus
Incipit: 46v: Theves all stand ȝe . In the Name of the trinite
Explicit: 46v: ȝe latt yt lye or stand . and thyng to beir a waye
eVK2 7318.00 (v0075470000)
16. 47r-47v
Medical recipe
Language(s): Middle English, with Latin rubric
Rubric: 47r: Dia Centauria secundum Magistrum Thob[ias?] vt patet

For opening and purging the stomach of all corrupted phlegm, for apostemes whether broken or whole, for opening 'all the specyalltis with infurthe of a man' and cleansing and discharging all corruptions within, for nourishing the liver and spleen and for purging the bowels. Attributed to a Master 'W . T .' at the end. See also f. 110r. Copied by the same 15th-century hand as the following item.

eVK2 5215.00 (v0075480000)
17. 47v
Medical recipe
Language(s): Middle English

For comforting the stomach and other parts of the body. Copied by the same 15th-century hand as the previous item.

18. 48r-49v
Pilosella, Mouse eare
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: 48r Mouse eare
Incipit: 48r The decoction off þe leaues and roote drunken doth cure and heale all woundes both inwarde and outwarde
Explicit: 49v and with great proffytt put into hoate oyntmentis amd plasters maturatyues

Bifolium containing 16th-century extracts from a herbal, inserted after the first leaf of quire 4.

19. 50r-91v
Practica chirurgiae John Arderne
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 50r De fistula in ano
Incipit: 50r Ego Iohannes Arderne de Newarke predictus a prima pestilentia
Final rubric: 91v Explicit practica cirurgie magistri Iohannis Arderne de Newwork'
eTK 0489F (t0095720000)
20. 92r-96v
On bloodletting Ricardus Anglicus
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 92r Medelam morborum duplicem habere diversitatem
Explicit: 96v Et hec sufficiunt de flebotomia et ventosus. Explicit.
eTK 0854D (t0164590000)
21. 96v-97v
On bloodletting
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 96v Discretionis inspiciendi sanguinem triplex est modus
Final rubric: 97v Explicit considerationes de inspeccione sanguinis etc.
eTK 0436J
22. 97v-98r
On bloodletting
Language(s): Latin
Petrus Hispanus
Incipit: 97v Note bene de flebotomia secundum magistrum P Iuliani si necessitas fuerit in omni tempore
Explicit: 98r sanguinem minuerit numquam febere habebis. Explicit.
eTK 1455B
23. 98r-100r
Medical recipes and notes
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 98r Medicamen bonum et probatum ad plagam seu carnes uel rupturas subite
24. 98v
Viaticum (excerpt) Constantinus Africanus
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 98v De ruptura ciphac Constantinus in Viatico
Incipit: 98v Omnis crepatura in pelliculis ventris et intestinorum
25. 99r
Note on rupture
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 99r Sequitur de ruptura
Incipit: 99r Cum aliquis a tumea ventris
26. 99v-100r
Notes on red lead, a diuretic powder, pestilential swelling
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 99v De serusa uel gersa que fit de serpentaria
Explicit: 100r et post sanantia ut decet etc.
27. 100r-101v
Medical recipes
Language(s): Middle English, Latin and Dutch

Written by several hands of the 15th century. They address the following:

  • f. 100r: for baldness/scaliness of the head ('Pro capite glabriosus')
  • f. 100v: St James's plaster for all manner of sores ('Vocatus Emplastrum Sancti Iacobi')
  • f. 102[a] recto: for a bruise and for dropsy, and another for all kinds of ailment
  • f. 102[a] verso: for an unstated purpose (in Dutch), for breathlessness ('for wynd þat is schort'), and for a powder for unstated purpose

eVK2 5774.00 (v0075490000)

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 8r ana galengal
Form: codex
Support: Parchment (HFFH) and paper, folded in quarto. Watermark 1: ff. 10/27, 11/26, 12/25, 17/20, 34/43 Cloche très allongée ( 65 × 30 mm. ), located horizontally in the centre of the folded sheet; simliar to Briquet 3971-84 (dated between 1396-1468, Italy). Watermark 2: ff. 51/62, 53/60, 55/58, 68/79, 71/76, 85/96, 86/95. A majuscule latin A topped with a single-line cross ending in spheres ( 50 × 30 mm. ), located horizontally in the centre of the folded sheets; similar to Briquet 7900-7904 (dated between 1385-1442, Southern France/Northern Italy).
Extent: Codex: 96 leaves. 205-210 × 150 mm.

Collation

Collection of 6 quires, the outer and innermost bifolia of each quire parchment, the intervening sheets folded paper or occasionally parchment. The stub at the end of quire 7 might have wrapped around quire 8 at some point.

  • Quire 224 (ff. 7-30): 3 outer and the inner most sheet parchment, sheets 4-11 paper
  • Quire 316 (ff. 31-46): sheets 1-3 and 7-8 parchment, sheets 4-6 paper
  • Quire 416+2 (ff. 47-64): bifolium (ff. 48-49) added after 1st leaf of the quire (f. 47), 1st, the added and the innermost sheets parchment; sheets 3-8 paper
  • Quire 518 (ff. 65-82): outer- and the innermost sheets parchment; sheets 2-8 paper
  • Quire 616 (ff. 83-98): outer- and the innermost sheets parchment; sheets 2-7 paper
  • Quire 74-1 (ff. 99-101, 102[a]: 4th leaf cancelled, with stub remaining (numbered 102[a] in pencil)

Condition

Leaves quite dirty and at times worn out; ff. 7 and 47 have incised outer margin.

Layout

95-100 × 150-155 mm. Ruled in brown ink, frame only. 36-40 lines to the page, written below top line.

Hand(s)

Scribe John Welles writing in English cursive.

Multiple short additions in variations of English secretary script.

Decoration

Red initials throughout.

Red rubrics for subsections.

Maniculae and line-drawn instruments and body parts in the margins.

Additions

Each quire has been assigned a letter ('A-F'), written on the recto and verso of the first leaf and the verso only thereafter, and each leaf has been assigned a number, written on the recto of each leaf and the verso of the final leaf of the quire as well. Written in red ink, by John Welles (see Script and Provenance), probably for the purposes of compiling an index.

Names ('John panton', 'Willelmum Rabdyr'), a date ('da februarii xi horam...') and other notes, at the foot of f. 46v.

History

Origin: 1440. ; Lincolnshire.

Written in 1440 by John Welles , canon of Hagnaby Abbey : '... quod Frater Johannes Well' Canonicus de Hagneby qui Scripsit ista anno domini mo cccco xlo quando venit de curia Romana...' (inscription on f. 43v).

Part 3 [Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College, MS 190/223, ff. 102-110v]

Contents

1. 102r-109v
Glossa super Viaticum
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 102r Ante omnem purgationem particula est
Explicit: 109v Istum unumcumque causetur dolor siue||

Text ends imperfectly. See also Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.1.16, ff. 62r-110v .

eTK 0107C (t0020630000)
2. 110r
Dietary advice
Language(s): Middle English, with Latin/Middle English rubric
Rubric: 110r Pro sanitate seruandum ; A Diatory
Incipit: 110r Lat be laite sopers . And rise be tyme at morne
Explicit: 110r So thys Diatory for your comforthe for to vse yt.
Final rubric: 110r Secundum Magistrum W . C.

See also f. 47r-47v.

eVK2 3341.00 (v0075500000)
3. 110v
Medical recipes
Language(s): Middle English and Latin

For dropsy at the heart and breathlessness, for breaking up the stone, for migraine. Written by hands of the 15th century.

eVK 5774.00 (v0075490000)

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 103r zinziber est acumen
Form: codex
Support: Parchment (HFFH)
Extent: Codex: 10 leaves. (first leaf is a stub) 210 × 150 mm.

Collation

First leaf excised, possibly part of a former wrapper that became obsolete when the quire was appended to the end.

  • Quire 810-1 (ff. 101a, 102-110: 1st leaf cancelled, with stub remaining (f. 101a)

Condition

Lower outer corner of f. 109 has a curved incision.

Layout

170 × 115 mm. In single columns, 39 lines to the page. Line- and frame-ruled in ink, pricking occasionally visible in the outer margin. Written below top line.

Hand(s)

One main hand writing in English secretary script.

Decoration

Red initials and paraphs throughout.

History

Origin: 15th century. ; England.

Provenance

Mutilated inscription: 'Per me J.S…' (f. 110r).

Additional Information

Record Sources

This catalogue entry draws on
Montague Rhodes James, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Library of Gonville and Caius College, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1907-1908) vol. 1, pp. 218-19.
Robinson, Dated and Datable, no. 240 (pl. 233).

Availability

Visitors to Gonville and Caius College who wish to consult Lower Library material are required to apply to the Library in advance of their visit. For information on eligibility and admission procedures see: Gonville and Caius College: Library Information.

Custodial History

The manuscript was displayed as part of the exhibition Curious Cures: Medicine in the Medieval World (Cambridge University Library, 29 March-6 December 2025) (ff. 2v-3r and 3v-4r).

Bibliography

    Atlas of the history of medicine, I: anatomy, Lint, Jan Gérard de (London, H. K. Lewis, 1926) Medieval libraries of Great Britain: a list of surviving books Royal Historical Society guides and handbooks, Ker, N.R. (London, Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1964) History of medical illustration, from antiquity to A.D. 1600, Herrlinger, Robert (London, Pitman Medical, 1970) The Fünfbilderserie—a Bridge to the Unknown Bulletin of the History of Medicine, O'Neill, Ynez Violé (51, 4, 538-549, 1977, https://www.jstor.org/stable/44450466) Catalogue of dated and datable manuscripts c. 737-1600 in Cambridge libraries, Robinson, P.R. (Cambridge, D.S. Brewer, 1988) Diagrams of the medieval brain: a study in cerebral localization Iconography at the Crossroads, O'Neill, Ynez Violé (91-105, 1993) The Premonstratensian order in late medieval England Studies in the history of medieval religion, Gribbin, Joseph A. (Woodbridge, Boydell Press, 2001) Manuscripts in the Library of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge Index of Middle English prose, Rand Schmidt, Kari Anne (Woodbridge, D.S. Brewer, 2001) The Cambridge Illuminations: Ten Centuries of Book Production in the Medieval West, (London, Harvey Miller, 2005) "Reliquam Dicit Pictura": Text and Image in a Twelfth-Century Illustrated Anatomical Manual (Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, MS 190/223) Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society, McCall, Taylor (16, 1, 1-22, 2016, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26626345) Towards Reconstructing Manuscript-Collecting in 17th-c. Cambridge: Observations on William Moore's Catalogue and Some Manuscripts Bulletin des Anglicistes Médiévistes / Etudes Médiévales Anglaises, Pouzet, Jean-Pascal (91, 1, 55-70, 2017, https://www.persee.fr/doc/bamed_0240-8805_2017_num_91_1_1189) Illuminating the interior: the illustrations of the nine systems of the body and anatomical knowledge in medieval Europe, McCall, Taylor (2017) Experimenta, compilation and construction in two medieval books Poetica: An International Journal of Linguistic-Literary Studies, Jones, Peter Murray (91 & 92, 61-80, 2019) Functional Abstraction in Medieval Anatomical Diagrams Abstraction in Medieval Art: Beyond the Ornament, McCall, Taylor (Amsterdam, 285-307, Amsterdam University Press, 2021) John Arderne’s Afterlife in Manuscript and Print Genre in English Medical Writing, 1500–1820: Sociocultural Contexts of Production and Use Studies in English Language, Jones, Peter Murray (Cambridge, 13-31, Cambridge University Press, 2022, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/genre-in-english-medical-writing-15001820/john-ardernes-afterlife-in-manuscript-and-print/6AD656D819D53E4FDEC3B96B8D78A4E5) The Art of Anatomy in Medieval Europe Medieval Lives, McCall, Taylor (Reaktion Books, 2023, https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/A/bo199165623.html)

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Wellcome

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Cambridge Digital Library

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