Medieval Manuscripts in Cambridge Libraries

A catalogue of Western manuscripts and papyri at Cambridge University Library, the Fitzwilliam Museum and selected Cambridge colleges

Cambridge, Emmanuel College, MS 70

John Dunstable's compilation of judicial astrology, astronomy, and scientific texts

Contents

Introduction: Cambridge, Emmanuel College, MS 70 (hereafter Emmanuel MS 70) is a 15th century compilation of scientific texts with a particular focus on astronomy and judicial astrology. The texts within Emmanuel MS 70 were, for the most part, curated and copied by the English composer John Dunstable (d. 1453). When M. R. James examined Emmanuel MS 70 in preparation for his Catalogue of the Emmanuel College manuscripts, printed in 1904, he recorded the inscription 'Dunstaplus conscripsit hunc librum' ('Dunstaple copied this book') at the top of f. 1r, but did not connect the volume to the composer John Dunstable. The connection between Emmanuel MS 70 and another Dunstable manuscript, ff. 74-85 of the now-composite Cambridge, St John's College, MS F.25 , was first identified and discussed by Professor Margaret Bent (for further discussion of these and other manuscripts she connects to Dunstable, as well as his life and works, see: Bent, Dunstaple (1981)). In 2009, R. M. Thomson published an article, 'John Dunstable and his Books' about another manuscript he had newly connected to Dunstable, Oxford, Corpus Christi College, MS 118 , by identifying an erased ownership inscription through examination under UV light. Thomson's article, using his own research and materials provided to him by Professor Bent, discussed all three manuscripts owned and used by Dunstable, including Emmanuel MS 70, and included a summary of the texts in Emmanuel MS 70, as well as a palaeographical and textual assessment of the volumes (see esp. Thomson, 'John Dunstable', pp. 6-12 and fn. 13). Recognition of Emmanuel MS 70 as an item largely curated and copied by Dunstable is important for our understanding of his intellectual landscape. The construction of the volume suggests that in addition to being a talented composer, Dunstable was also a competent scribe and was deeply interested in astronomy and astrology. It seems too that Dunstable was also an accomplished artist, as he is very likely the illustrator responsible for the series of delicate, tinted figurative drawings included as part of Bartholomew of Parma's catalogue of the constellations, the Breviloquium de fructu totius astronomiae (ff. 80r-111v). The illustration accompanying the constellation Draco on f. 96v demonstrates Dunstable's skill at using stippling and shading to suggest volume and texture; that for Eridanus on f. 104v shows his treatment of drapery; and the image of Putheus on f. 108r reveals an ability to suggest mood and depth in his art. Among the many and various scientific excerpts and short treatises collected in Emmanuel MS 70 are three short passages on f. 129r that are attributed to John Holbroke (d. 1437) , the Cambridge astronomer and mathematician, fellow of Peterhouse from 1393, and Master of Peterhouse 1421-37. These were first noticed in 2023 during the preparation of this catalogue record and have been identified on the basis of citations at the end of each excerpt: 'q[uod] M[agister] J. Holbrock', 'secundum dictum M[agister] J. Holbr'', and finally 'J.H.'. They include a passage on the calculation of the length of the solar year, and one also refers to Holbroke's 'Tables of Cambridge' (see Nothaft (2018) for further reading on the Tables, but without specific discussion of this manuscript). In addition to the astronomical and astrological texts discussed so far, Emmanuel MS 70 also contains medical recipes towards the end of the volume (ff. 149v-[ii] recto), in a mixture of Latin and Middle English, some in Dunstable's hand and some in the hands of other scribes. It should be noted that this catalogue record follows the Library of Congress for the spelling of Dunstable's name, but both the man himself (see e.g., his inscription on f. 1r, 'Dunstaplus conscripsit hunc librum'), and the majority of modern scholars prefer the spelling 'Dunstaple'. References:
M. R. James, The Western manuscripts in the library of Emmanuel College. A descriptive catalogue (Cambridge, 1904), no. 70
John Dunstable: complete works, ed. by M. Bent, I. D. Bent, and B. Trowell, Musica Britannica, 8, 2nd rev. edn. (London, 1970), esp. pp. VIII, xxvii, 2-4, 21-3, 112-13
M. Bent, Dunstaple, Oxford Studies of Composers, 17 (London, 1981)
R. M. Thomson, 'John Dunstable and His Books', The Musical Times, 150.1909 (2009), pp. 3–16
C. P. E. Nothaft, 'John Holbroke, the Tables of Cambridge, and the "True Length of the Year": A Forgotten Episode in Fifteenth-Century Astronomy', Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 72.1 (2018), pp. 63–88
 Dr Sarah Gilbert| Project Cataloguer | Curious Cures in Cambridge Libraries

Language(s): Latin

1. [i] verso
Note about the names of the magi in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin
Language(s): Latin with brief words in Roman-transliterated Greek and Hebrew

In a 15th century hand. Full transcription:‘Nota quod nomina trium regum sunt hec ut scribit magister in historia scolastica . Hebraice ; Appelius Amerus Damascus ./ Grece ; Galgalat Malgalat Serachin . Latine ; Jaspar Balthesar Melchior ./+’.

Also printed with minor variations in transcription in James, Cat. Emm., no. 70
2. [i] verso
Note about the year of birth of John the Baptist (5198) according to the anno mundi reckoning of time
Language(s): Latin

In a 15th century hand. The note states that John the Baptist was born in the 'anno mundi' (year of the world) 5198. Full transcription: ‘Nota quod Iohannes baptista precursor domini natus fuit transactis annis ab origine mundi . quinque milibus . centum nonaginta octo et mensibus sex . Octauiano imperium mundi tenente qui secundus imperator de Romanis fuit etc’.

3. 1v-4r
Text on the significance of lunar eclipses
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 1v Sequitur significatio eclipsis universalis lune iuxta sentenciam Tholomei et Haly .2. quadripartiti secundum quod miscentur significaciones aliarum nouum(?) , et fuit in marcio anno christi 1345 . competo de marcio diebus 18.18. .9. horis et 40 minutis.
Incipit: 1v Sicut dicit Haly
Explicit: 3v quod est signum addicionis in significacione saturni
Final rubric: 3v et hic ad praesens sufficiant pro significacione eclipsis etc

Two tables of calculations at the bottom of f. 3v.

Two horoscope diagrams for 1345 on f. 4r. The horoscope diagram on the left contains the rubric 'ffigura eclisis lune in marcio anno christi 1345 d h m 18 . 9 .40 . et fuit hac eclipsis calculationes meridiem oxonie . et fuit meridio uel in capite draconis'.

Also in Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Digby 176, ff. 9r-13r where it is accompanied by a note connecting the treatise to two Fellows of Merton College, Oxford - William Reed and John Ashenden (Eschenden), '... m. W. Reed calculavit et m. Jo. Aschedene pronosticavit ...'.

eTK 1503J (t0287610000)
4. 4v-14r
De significatione coniunctionis Saturni et Martis in Cancro John Ashenden
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 4v Incipit tractatus Iohannis Eschinden quondam socii aule de Merton in Oxonis . de significacione coniunccionis Saturni et Martis in Cancro que erat isto anno Christi 1357 octauo die Iunii et de significacione coniunccionis magne Saturnis et Iouis que erat anno chrsti 1365 in 30 die Oct hora 5 minuto 22
Incipit: 4v Sicut dicit Ptholomeus in centilogio
Explicit: 14r ad praesans sufficiant
Final rubric: 14r Deo gracias quod dunstaple

Includes horoscope diagrams for 1357 (f. 5r) and 1365 (f. 10v).

A note in the margin on f. 13v seems to describe a celestial event on 21 December 1382 (‘anno christi 1382 21 die 10bris’) and mentions Hereford and Wallingford.

Also in London, British Library, MS Harley 637, ff. 129v-143v.

eTK 1489F (t0284980000)
5. 14v-21v
Judgement for the year 1420 Iohannis de Rubeis
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 14v Cum sciencia astrologia est multum utilis
Explicit: 21v actum Brugis in Flandria .anno.1420. die ultram decembris
Final rubric: 21v dictum in secula seculorum amen . quod d

'Magister J. de Rubeis' in the upper margin of f. 14v.

Horoscope diagram for 1421 on f. 21v.

eTK 0337I (t0066370000)
6. 22r
Note on the sighting of a comet on 6 June 1456
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 22r Ex precepto quorundam maiorum meorum decreui breuiter iudicare super isto cometa nouiter uiso . et faciam 5 capitula
Explicit: 22r et omnes iste sunt in signo Geminorum . Et orebatur dictus cometa ||

This text refers to the sighting of a comet on 6 June 1456: 'Quod anno christi 1456 die 6 iunii hora 6 noctis'.

This text is incomplete and breaks off abruptly at the end.

This item is written in a lighter ink in a later 15th century hand, that of the 'compressed scribe', and not the hand of John Dunstable.

This text can also be found in Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, MS Banco Rari 30, f. 235rv, which is a manuscript associated with Paolo Toscanelli (but see Jervis, Cometary theory, esp. pp. 43-69 for a discussion of whether f. 235 in MS Banco Rari 30 is in Toscanelli's hand).

J. L. Jervis, Cometary theory in 15th century Europe (Lancaster, 1985)
7. 22v-23r
Anima essentia est infinita
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 22v Anima essencia est infinita

Text in upper margin (probably a title) of f. 22v trimmed away.

Text added to blank leaves in the manuscript in a slightly later hand; this item is not in the hand of John Dunstable.

Folio 23v blank.

Note that Thomson reads the first word of this text as 'Mundi'.

R. M. Thomson, 'John Dunstable and His Books', The Musical Times, 150.1909 (2009), pp. 3–16
eTK 0892E (t0172410000)
8. 24r-58r
Commentary on Alcabitius's Liber introductorius John of Saxony
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 24r Johannes de Saxonia in Alchibitium
Incipit: 24r Uir sapiens dominabitur astris . Ptholomeus in spaientiis almagisti
Explicit: 58r casuum suum etc
Final rubric: 58r Expliciunt scripta super alkabituium facta a magistro Iohanni de Saxonia . deo gracias quod dunstaple

Title in the upper margin of f. 24r in another hand.

eTK 1699D (t0323540000)
9. 58v-59r
Note on rain
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 58v Nota de pluuia
Incipit: 58v Si luna dat uim marti(?) exeunti in mansione humida
Explicit: 59r angelo non fuit

This text is similar to some of the works of Abraham Ibn Ezra, but more work is needed to establish a precise connection.

10. 59r
Invenire ingressum planetarum in signa
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 59r Si uolueris habere ingressum cuiuslibet planete
Explicit: 59r ingressus planete in signum quod queris

Title in outer margin in later hand.

11. 59r
Astronomical note for the year 1330
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 59r Anno christo 1330 . incepit primum mansio lune 25 .gradu. arietis fixi secundum tabulas ptholoei[sic]
Explicit: Habet haly abenragelum 59r 7o libro in eleccionibus . per mansiones lune in prohemio

As noticed by R. M. Thomson, this text refers to 'Haly abenragelum' (Haly Abenregel), De electionibus.

R. M. Thomson, 'John Dunstable and His Books', The Musical Times, 150.1909 (2009), 3–16
12. 59v-60r
De furto
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 59v De furto
Incipit: 59v Locus rei amisse signatur per locum lune
Explicit: 60r de ea aliquid ueritatis
13. 60v-61r
Si uis scire in qua mansione sit luna
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 60v Si uis scire in qua mansione sit luna
Explicit: 61r et illa est mansio temperata

Text accompanied by three astronomical tables across ff. 60v-61r.

An addition on f. 61r in what appears to be the hand of the 'compressed scribe' who also wrote the text on f. 22r.

14. 61v-63r
⟨Extracts from Aristotle⟩
Language(s): Latin

Extracts with marginal titles in a contemporary hand and in a later 'italic' hand labelling excerpts as 'de questionibus' and 'de furto'

15. 63v
⟨Table: Nomina planetarum et aspectus lune et ad eos ⟩
Language(s): Latin

Table accompanied by explanatory text below.

Table includes indications for 'Dies Laudabilis' and 'Dies mediocus' and 'Dies cauenda'.

16. 64v
De cogitatione (Precepit Messahala) Māshāʼallāh
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 64r In nomine dei pii et misericordis . incipit tractatus de cogitacione uel intencione et ...(?) ad messa
Incipit: 64r Precepit messahallach . ut constituas ascensus per gradum suum
Explicit: 64v significacionibus signorum
Final rubric: 64v Explicit

Title added in upper margin by the 'italic' hand: ‘De cogitatione uel intente(?) queritis’.

Also in London, British Library, Harley MS 13, ff. 174r-174v.

eTK 1081J
17. 64v-65r
Libellus interpretationum siue De inuentione occultorum Māshāʼallāh
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 64v In nomine libellus incipit interpretacionis quam puto esse messeallath . inveni enim eum extractum de libro suo in interrogacionibus
Incipit: 64v Scito quod aspiciens id est astrologus poterit errare .4. modis
Explicit: 64v-65r et ubicumque fuerit dominus hore ibi erunt res intellige

There is another short extract from this text on f. 68v.

18. 65r-66r
Extracts from De occultis pseudo-Dorotheus
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 65r ⟨D⟩ixit Dorothius . Cum fueris interrogatus de thesauro uel de re aliquas occulta
Incipit: 65r aspice signum .7. ab ascente
Explicit: 66r a ceteris qui in arte hac minus docti erant
19. 66v-68v
De urina non uisa William the Englishman
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 66v ⟨N⟩e uel ignorancie uel pocius inuidie redarguat mi germane qui quando apud marsilium aliquantulum mecum studuisti
Explicit: 68v et ego cum aliis eum in cura habui et erat emaptoicus et ptisicus
Final rubric: 68v Explicit
Edited (and this MS discussed as Ca3) with French translation in L. Moulinier-Brogi, Guillaume l’Anglais, Le Frondeur de l’uroscopie Médiévale (XIIIe Siècle): Édition Commentée et Traduction Du De Urina Non Visa, Hautes Etudes Médiévales et Modernes, 101 (Geneva, 2011)
20. 68v
Extract from the Libellus interpretationum siue De inuentione occultorum
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 68v De inuencione rei occulte
Incipit: 68v aspice ascendens ac dominum eius et dominum hore
Explicit: 68v et ubicumque fuerit dominus hore ibi erunt res intellige ||

This item is not in the hand of John Dunstable.

There is a longer version of this text on ff. 64v-65r.

21. 69r-70v
De significacionus septem planetarum
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 69r Incipit liber Iergis de significacionibus .7. planetarum in .12. domibus
Incipit: 69r ⟨D⟩ixit Iergis . Saturnus cum fuerit in ascendente
Explicit: 70v Sed cum fuerit corrupta ...(?) saturno et nunciat finem rei periculosum et malum
Final rubric: 70v Explicit Iergis de significacionibus .7. planetarum in .12. domibus

This text is variously ascribed to Māshāʼallāh (Messahala), Gergis (Iergis, Jergis), and Albusmasar.

eTK 1381H (t0264210000)
eTK 0454E (t0089590000)
22. 71rv
De proprietatibus lunae Haly
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 71r Tractatus Haly de proprietatibus lunae in qualibet domo
Incipit: 71r Luna cum fuerit in primo domo significat principatum
Explicit: 71v Sicut probat aristotiles in libro metheororum
Final rubric: 71v Explicit de collecione proprietat in lune
23. 72r-72v
De temporibus
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 72r Haly de tempore secundum quemlibet planetam in quolibet signo
Incipit: 72r Saturnus in ariete sub radiis facit pluuias et radios siccaturos
Explicit: 72v tranquilissimus est et bonam condicionem ostendit
Final rubric: 72v Explicit Haly de temporibus secundum disposicionem cuiuslibet planete in quolibet signo

This text is often attributed to Haly or Kindī (Alkindi).

Folio 73r blank.

eTK 1383E
eTK 1383F
24. 73v-75r
De receptione planetarum siue De interrogationibus Māshāʼallāh
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 73v Judicium Messehalla super questiones cuiusdam ducis prout sequitur
Incipit: 73v ⟨I⟩nterrogacio cuiusdam ducis quam proposuit rex affrice
Explicit: 75r sed fixit omnes res suas fixura(?) stellarum eius in angulis ||

Folios 75v-78r (inclusive) blank.

25. 78v-79v
Exafrenon prognosticationum temporis (extracts) Richard of Wallingford
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 78v Cum autem equamuis(?) aliquem planetum uel omnes planetas ad uera loca eorum
Explicit: 79v et hoc est perfeccio istius capituli etc
Final rubric: 79v secundum d

Also in Cambridge, University Library, MS Ii.1.1..

Partially cropped note in a medieval hand in the upper margin of f. 78v, 'excertum[sic] est ho cap . de Exafenon'.

Edition of the text (not based on this MS) in J. D. North, Richard of Wallingford, 3 vols (Oxford, 1976), I.179-243
26. 80r-111v
Breviloquium de fructu totius astronomiae Bartholomew of Parma
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 80r Incipit breuiloquium magistri Bartholomei nacione Permensis Bononie compilatum et confirmatum per prudentes uiros de fructis tocius astronomie ad preces domini Thedisii de Fusco anno 1286 .
Incipit: 80r Scribit philosophus in primo libro methaphisice
Explicit: 118v Cuius hec est forma sui aspectus in celo
Final rubric: 118v Explicit breuiloquium magistri Bartholomei nacione Permensis Bononie compilatum et confirmatum per prudentes uiros de fructuartis tocius Astronomie ad preces domini Thedisii de Fusco anno domini 1286

Text accompanied by half-page tinted illustrations of the constellations.

Note that the ink foliation is superseded by the pencil foliation in this text; the ink foliation is correct up to f. 90v, and thereafter (and for the rest of the volume) the pencil foliation should be followed. The ink foliation skips from f. 90 directly to f. 100, although as there does not seem to be any disruption to the text or the quire structure, this is probably an error on the part of the ink foliator.

Folio 111rv blank.

Also in Metz, Bibliothèque-médiathèque, MS 287, ff. 280r-318v, with a similar program of illustration.

eTK 0588I (t0114560000)
27. 112r-120v
Chiromantia
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 112r Incipit ciromantia
Incipit: 112r Secantur scientie inter se quemadmodum et res ex quibus sunt
Explicit: 120v linea mortis a membris generantibus et sic est finis artis cyromancie Deo gracias.
Final rubric: 120v Explicit hic Cyromancia. Deo sit honor laus et gloria quod dunst
Possibly eTK 1416D
28. 121r-123v
Chiromantia
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 121r Cum tractare uel unde cyromantia primo dicam quid sit cyromantia
Explicit: 123v ex solo signo sed ex pluribus . Hec quam dicam sunt de cyromancia ad praesens sufficiantur
Final rubric: 123v Explicit quod d
eTK 1101F (t0212080000)
29. 124r-124v
Chiromantia
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 124r Si sub linea uite iuxta recepta in monte manus
Explicit: 124v operacione corrigitur
Final rubric: 124v Explicit deo gracias quod d

Folios 125r-126r inclusive are blank.

30. 126v-127r
Secreta secretorum pseudo-Aristotle
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 126v Incipit phizo⟨no⟩mia aristotelis
Incipit: 126v Inter ceteras sciencias hoc est quam te non oportet ignorare
Explicit: 127r diuersa signa declina semper ad melius
Final rubric: 127r Explicit phyzonomia quod dunst

This is the section on physiognomy in the Secreta secretorum.

eTK 0766K (t0147960000)
31. 127v
Two astronomical notes
Language(s): Latin
32. 128r-128v
De modo componendi almanach
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 128r Incipit tractatus de modo componendi almanach
Incipit: 128r In composicione almanach sic procede primo de sole
Explicit: 128v commencionem(?) sub hac
Final rubric: 128v Completus est tractatus de modo componendi almanach deo gratias quod d
In eTK as 0667D (t0128910000) but seems closer to eTK 0667H
C. P. E. Nothaft, 'Ephemerides in High Medieval Europe: The Textual Evidence', Journal for the History of Astronomy, 52.1 (2021), pp. 33–52 [DOI:10.1177/0021828620981432]
33. 128v-129r
Short note on astronomy
Language(s): Latin

A short note on astronomy with particular reference to the planetary motion of Jupiter and Saturn.

34. 129r
Short notes on astronomy John Holbroke
Language(s): Latin

Three short notes and some marginal calculations attributed to John Holbroke. The first note is an excerpt from Holbroke's 'Quantitas anni solaris sit' and concludes with 'quod m. J. Holbrock'. The second note is a calculation for the year 1428 and concludes with a statement that it was 'completum secundum dictum m. J. Holbrs and was calculated according to the meridian of Cambridge. The third note includes more astronomical calculations and concludes with an attribution to 'J.H.'. The 'J. Holbrock' 'J. Holbr' and 'J. H.' here refer to John Holbroke , astronomer and mathematician, who was a Fellow of Peterhouse from 1393, and Master of Peterhouse from 1421 until his death in 1437.

With thanks to C. P. E. Nothaft for his confirmation of the identification of one of the passages as an excerpt from Holbroke's 'Quantitas anni solaris sit'. For more information on Holbroke see Nothaft (2018) and bibliography therein.

Venn:ACAD HLBK393J
ODNB: Holbroke [Holbrook], John https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/13482
C. P. E. Nothaft, 'John Holbroke, the Tables of Cambridge, and the "True Length of the Year": A Forgotten Episode in Fifteenth-Century Astronomy', Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 72.1 (2018), pp. 63–88
35. 129v-136r
De mundo Abraham ibn Ezra
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 129v Incipit liber Auenesre Israelite de mundo siue de reuolucion annorum mundi seu de reuolutione annorum seculi
Incipit: 129v ⟨T⟩ractatus Auenesre de planetarum coniunccionibus et annorum reuolutionibus mundanorum . Translationem aggressuri in uestibulo
Explicit: 136r ad aspectus autem(?) semper intendas
Final rubric: 136r Explicit liber de mundo et seculo completus die Iouis post festum sancti Barnabe apostoli sub ascendente scorpionis anno domini 1292 in Perside translatus autem a Magistro Henrico dicto Bate de Machelio de Hebreo in Latinum . deo gracis quod dunst

Translated by Henry Bate .

36. 136r
Astronomical note
Language(s): Latin
37. 136v-138v
Pronosticationes de eclipsi lune John Ashenden
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 136v Incipiunt pronosticaciones de eclipsi uniuersali lune et de coniunccionibus 3 planetarum superiorum que apparuerunt anno domini 1345 in Marcio et complete fuerunt iste pronosticaciones 24 die predicti mensis anni predicti
Incipit: 136v Significado eclipsis lune uniuersalis iuxta sententiam
Explicit: 138v ad opus si ...(?) respexisti ca que(?) dixi

Contains four horoscope diagrams.

Note partially trimmed away in the upper margin of f. 137v: 'per m. Jo. Asshenden in ...(?)'.

eTK 1503J (t0287610000)
38. 138v
Three astronomical notes
Language(s): Latin
39. 138v-139r
Extracts from De magnis coniunctionibus Albumasar
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 138v Sententia primi libri albumazaris de magis coniunctionibus
Explicit: 139r prout ipse ponit in .12. ...(?) sigillatim
40. 139v-141r
De mercibus Māshāʼallāh
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 139v Messehalla de mercibus
Incipit: 139v Attende ergo ad ea que dicam
Explicit: 141r utile uenditori
Final rubric: 141r Explicit liber messehale completus . deo gratias quod dunst
eTK 0160E
41. 141v
Astrological note and table
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 141v Facta figura communis uel prouectionis
Explicit: 141v diuiso minorato augmentato
Final rubric: 141v Deo gratias quod d
42. 142r
Three astronomical notes in three hands
Language(s): Latin

The first note is in Dunstable's hand, the second and third notes are each by different scribes.

43. 142v-143r
Astronomical note John Ashenden
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 142v Sicut dicit Aueroi in fine libri sui de naturalibus . initium orbis fuit ante diem Jovis
Explicit: 143r et isto modo diuidiuntur orbes magni a principio mundi etc
Final rubric: 143r hec magister asshenden

The association of this text with John Ashenden is based on the final rubric in this manuscript.

This text makes reference to the year 1345 several times.

44. 143r
Horoscope and diagram
Language(s): Latin

The horoscope appears to be for a date in 1449.

45. 143v-144r
Extracts from de magnis coniunctionibus Albumasar
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: 143v Liber albumasar de coniunctionibus
Incipit: 143v Nota quod tempore coniunctionis
Explicit: 144r arietis quot sunt anni

Accompanied by three tables.

Followed by a ?geometrical note in the hand of the 'compressed scribe'.

46. 144v
Astronomical notes

Two astronomical notes on f. 144v, one in the hand of the 'compressed scribe' and another in the hand of a scribe who added notes in a very hasty cursive minuscule.

Folios 145r-147r blank.

48. 147v
Note of a debt
Language(s): English

Text on this leaf written upside down relative to the rest of the volume.

Record of a debt belonging to a Richard Stonnerd as follows 'Richard Stonnerd knighte in the Countie of Surrey is indebted vnto Evan monse(?) of Surrey'.

Folios 148r-149r blank.

49. 149v
Note on geography and the division of the world among the three sons of Noah
Language(s): Latin

Full transcription of the note on f. 149v:| Tres filii noe post diluuium diuiserunt totum orbem terrarum in .3. partes .viz. in Asiam Affricam et Europam. Sic autem(?) dilatauerunt terminos suos , posuerunt quibus Seem . in asyam . Cam . in Affricam , Japhet in Europam , In Asya . autem(?) sunt 15 prouinciae viz . India Achaya . Parthia . Syria . Persia . Medea . Mesopotamia . Capodocia . Palaestina . Armenia . Cecilia . Caldaea . Grecia . Egiptus et Libya . In Affrica sunt 12 prouincie Lidia . Cirini . Pentapolis . Ethiopia . Tripolitania . Bisantia . Getulia . Nathabris . Numedia . Samaria . cyrtes ma⟨io⟩res et minores. In Europa sunt 13 prouincie . Roma . Calabria . Hyspania . Alemmania . Macedonia . Dacia . Dalmatica . Pannonia . Colonia . Gallia . Acquitania . Britannia . Hybernia etc

Also in:

This text is found in some copies of Nennius' Historia Brittonum - see Van Duzer and Sáenz-López Pérez for more information. Van Duzer and Sáenz-López edit the version of this text found in  Cambridge, University Library, MS Ff.1.27, f. 12v and discuss the major variants among seven Latin versions and one Middle English version of the text; the variant in Emmanuel College MS 70 is not discussed in this edition. When comparing the text in Emmanuel MS 70 with the Van Duzer and Sáenz-López Pérez edition, the text in Emmanuel College MS 70 is particularly close to the text in London, British Library, MS Cotton Caligula A VIII which also has Libya in Asia and Lydia ('Lidia') in Africa, and lists Rome ('Roma') against the more textually-common Italy ('Italia') in Europe.

For a discussion of this text (but not Emmanuel College MS 70) see C. Van Duzer and S. Sáenz-López Pérez, 'Tres filii Noe diviserunt orbem post diluvium: the world map in British Library Add. MS 37049' Word & Image 26.1 (2009), pp. 21–39, https://doi.org/10.1080/02666280902846624
50. 149v
Note on weights and measures in Latin deriving from the Antidotarium Nicholai
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: 149v Pondera uel mensure que in arte medicinali experiuntur
Explicit: 149v secundum nicholaum in tractatu qui incipit . Ego Nicholaus rogatus etc
Similar to eTK 1058J
51. 149v
Note on weights and measures in Middle English deriving from the Antidotarium Nicholai
Language(s): Middle English

Full transcription of the note on weights and measures in Middle English on 149v: | ffor to rede and vnderstande þe wrytynge of fysicianes and lechis þat þey make in hire bookys of medicines , and hire figures ., where it be in englisshe or in latyn , ye shal vnderstonde , þat a povnde . is figured in this wyse li.j., An halfe povnde þus .li dj. or ellis þus .li ß ., and a quartron . of a povnde is þus write . quarte li. and an ovnce is þe xij part of a povnde and is þus write ℥.j. and halfe an vnce þus ℥ di ⟨o⟩r þus . ℥ ß . A dragme is þe viij parte of an vnce , and ys write þus . ʒ . j ., half a dragma is þus .ʒ.dj or þus .ʒ.ß. A scrupule is þe iij . parte of a dragme , and is þus Wri te .℈.j. A half a scripule ℈ dj . or þus ℈ ß . A scripul . Weyethe a ⟨p⟩e ny , and a dragme .iij.d., and a vnce ij[sic].s⟨hillinhs⟩. a quarte of a povnde vj s⟨hillings⟩ , and half a povnde .xij. s⟨hillings⟩ , and a povnde xxiiij s⟨hillings⟩ , And an handful ys Wri te þus .m j. and half a handful þus m dj , or þus m ß . and þus þey be in boke of latyn etc

As pointed out by Voigts, there are similar texts in:

  • London, British Library, MS Additional 30338, f. 11r
  • London, British Library, MS Sloane 3171, ff. 1v-2r
  • London, Medical Society of, MS 131, f. 3r

Discussed (and edited from London, British Library, MS Sloane 3171, ff. 1v-2r) in L. E. Voigts, 'The Character of the Carecter: Ambiguous Sigils', in Latin and Vernacular: Studies in Late-Medieval Texts and Manuscripts, ed. by A. J. Minnis, York Manuscripts Conferences: Proceedings Series, 1: Proceedings of the 1987 York Manuscripts Conference (Cambridge: Brewer, 1989), pp. 91–109, esp. p. 102, n. 38 and Table III no. 17
eVK2 1931.00 (v0074180000)
eVK2 8239.00 (v0074190000)
52. 149v
Medical recipe to treat corruption and phlegm in the stomach
Language(s): enm

Full transcription: 'ffor corrupcion and flewme in the stomak . Recipe gynger . ounce .j. and half an ounce of safferoun . and powder hem togedyr and sethe hem in vynegre tyl yt be thyk , And receyue þer of j sponful . with a fastyng stomak and do so .iij. dayes etc

Not in IMEP 22.

eVK2 4184.00 (v0074200000)
53. 150r
Charm to expose a thief
Language(s): la

Horoscope diagram in the outer margin.

54. 150r
Charm to find a thief
Language(s): la

The charm begins: 'Experimentum ad furtum . Recipe grana ordei , et pone in aqua benedicta ...'

55. 150r
A water to treat all poisons and pestilence
Language(s): enm

Full transcription:| 'Water of turmantil scabious and d⟨yttayne⟩ , and pympernelle alle y lych myche ⟨and⟩ do to gyder . This is a chef water for al maner poyson and namly for þe pestilence . ffor al philosofres seyne . it were impossible þat any man shuld dye of poyson or of pestilence eyþer . þat vsthe to drynke of þat water next hys herte , And yt is clepid water Imperial . for al emperouers and grete lordis a monge þe sareazines vsen to drynke yt'

Not in IMEP 22.

eVK2 4184.00 (v0074200000)
56. 150r
Medical recipe to treat haemorrhoids
Language(s): enm

Full transcription:| 'ffor þe Emerawdis . Take leek þat neuer was set , and stampe hem wel ?(?) þe levys of moleyn , and wryng owte þe jvys , and anonyte þerwith þe Emerawde'

Not in IMEP 22.

eVK2 4184.00 (v0074200000)
57. 150r
Medical recipe to treat dropsy
Language(s): enm

Full transcription:| 'ffor al maner of dropesies / take þe jvse of þe roote of yrios an ey bol ful . with þat jvse of morel ana . Wel medled to geder . and clarified and made swere with suger . þis helyp alle dropesies curable . boþ hoot and colde . But I vse it þus . Take o day yreos for he lowseth , and a noþer day þe jvs of moral . for he provokyþ vrine and þis is a principal medicyn and a grete pryuyte etc'

Not in IMEP 22.

eVK2 4184.00 (v0074200000)
58. 150v
Astronomical and astrological calculations
Language(s): Latin
59. [ii] recto
Anti-medical distich
Language(s): Latin

Full transcription:| 'De morbo gaudet medicus , de morte sacerdos | Non medicus confert egro qui ?mulia non fert'

Full translation: Doctors rejoice about illness, priests about death / [But] doctors do not confer with the sick who cannot pay.

60. [ii] recto
Note on the medicinal properties of a green stone known as ?pyrite
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: [ii] recto Quedam lapis viridis coloris que vocatur pirillus anglice perythe
61. [ii] recto
?Alchemical recipe
Language(s): Latin
Incipit: [ii] recto Vncia.i. gallorum addatur vncia.i. gummi arabic
62. [ii] recto
Medical recipe for a powder to treat pestilence
Language(s): Middle English
Rubric: [ii] recto A ⟨good⟩ poudir for the pestilence
Incipit: [ii] recto Take Beteyne . pympernell . Tormentill . Scabeous . bolus armenyk and terra sigillata and bray hem to gedir and vse hyt with wyne or ale etc

Full transcription. Not in IMEP 22. Not in eVK2

63. [ii] recto
Medical recipe against pestilence
Language(s): Latin

Full transcription:| 'Contra pestilenciam . Recipe has 4or herbas equaliter , Solsequium . pimpirnellam . Absinthium . organum , exprimatur succus et bibat paciens , hanc medicnam expertus fuit vltimo anno .M. John Wendouere deuonie in quodam habente duo vlcera , qui statim qua ...(?) herbarum . habeat eundem effectum etc'

Thomson has suggested that the 'M. Jo. Wendouere' may be the John Wendover (d. 1421) who was a Warden of Merton College Oxford c. 1387-1398, and who was also a rector of Bradnich in Devon from 1395 and prebendary of Netherayne in Chumleigh from 1417.

R. M. Thomson, 'John Dunstable and His Books', The Musical Times, 150.1909 (2009), pp. 3–16
64. [ii] recto
Craft recipe to whiten 'tabulas'
Language(s): Latin
Rubric: [ii] recto Ad dealbandam tabulas
Incipit: [ii] recto Recipe cornu cerui et combure , post combustionem mole super lapidem et cum ipse subrili pulere dealbabis tabulas per optime etc

Full transcription. 'Tabulas' may refer to planks, table tops, book-boards, or game-boards.

65. [ii] recto
Prophecy about the conquest of France by a leopard
Language(s): Latin

Full transcription:| 'Pardus vascabit flores gallosque fugabit | Cum ceperit fieri francia caue tibi | Reddet vsurpata sua pardus f[lor]ebus ille | Francia cum fuerit data cineri q[ui] fauille | Pardus vastabit flos [...] -gabit | [...] fi- [...]it hic malus [...]| Tollet bordegalam leopa [...] illam | Quasi tunc [...]n perdet dex[...] anullam'

Partially illegible due to damage to the leaf.

A similar text (but not this MS) is discussed in C. Beaune, 'Perceforêt et Merlin. Prophétie, littérature et rumeurs au début de la guerre de Cent-Ans', Cahiers de Fanjeaux (1992), pp. 237-256

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: 2r: fructibus
Form: codex
Support: Mostly paper, with a parchment flyleaf at each end of the volume.
Extent: Codex: 1 + 150 + 1 leaves. 195 × 140 mm.
Foliation:

20th- and 21st-century foliation

Folios [i] + 1-150 + [ii]

Foliated in pencil in Hindu-Arabic numerals in the upper outer corner of the first recto in each quire, and in the upper outer corner of each recto ff. 88-112. The pencil foliation begins at f. 24r, and continues through the volume. The pencil foliation and the older ink foliation are in agreement until f. 90v thereafter the pencil foliation should be followed and the ink foliation should be ignored. The parchment endleaves were assigned temporary designations ff. [i] and [ii] in September 2023 during work on this item for the Curious Cures project in order to produce a functional TEI/XML record for this item; these designations are enclosed in [square brackets] in this description.
Foliation:

15th century foliation

1-90, 100-111, a leaf missed, 112-158 (for ff. 1-150)

Foliated in ink in Hindu-Arabic numerals in the centre of the upper margin of each recto. The missing ff. 91-99 in this foliation sequence seems to be due to a counting error while foliating the manuscript rather than due to the loss of text-leaves as there is no interruption to the text or quire structure between the current ff. 90v-91r (i.e., f. 90v and 100r in the 15th century foliation). A leaf (the present f. 103) between the leaves designated ff. 111 and 112 in the ink foliation sequence did not receive a designation by the ink foliator.

Collation

Quires of 8 throughout the volume arranged as follows:

  • Quire 18-1 (ff. 1-7: 1st leaf cancelled)
  • Quires 2-188 (ff. 8-143)
  • Quire 198-1 (ff. 144-150: 7th leaf cancelled)

18-1 (1st leaf cancelled) 2-188 198-1 (7th leaf cancelled)

Medieval alphanumeric leaf signatures (a1, a2, a3, ... b1, b2, b3 etc) throughout the volume from Quires 4-19 in the lower outer corner of the rectos in the first half of each quire, many lost to trimming. The alphanumeric signatures are arranged as follows: Quires 4-11 have the signatures 'a'-'h'; Quire 12, no alphanumeric leaf signatures visible; Quires 13-19 have the signatures 'k'-'q'. Quires 1-3 do not have medieval leaf signatures, but contain texts copied in the hand of John Dunstable, who also wrote most of the material in Quires 4-19.

 Catchwords present in the lower margin of the last verso of some quires, typically enclosed in a scroll frame, see e.g., f. 47v.

Condition

The volume is in fair condition, with some marks of wear and damage; text is mostly legible, although some marginal annotations have been lost to trimming.

Layout

160 × 105 mm. Ruled in ink, frame only. Written in single column format, typically 42 lines to the page on full text pages and written below top line.

Hand(s)

The majority of the text in this manuscript was written in Anglicana by the English composer John Dunstable (d. 1453).

See R. M. Thomson, 'John Dunstable and His Books', The Musical Times, 150.1909 (2009), pp. 3–16 for further information.

Additions in a small, compressed Secretary script on f. 22r; the same hand appears to made further additions to ff. 52r (lower margin), 61r, 62r, 143r and 150v-[ii] recto.

Short notes in a current style of Secretary script on ff. 22v-23r, 142r and 144v.

Titles to texts, and marginal annotations throughout in the hand of a scribe writing a ?16th-century humanist italic, see, e.g., the title added in the upper margin of f. 24r and the annotations in the outer margins of ff. 55v-56r. This scribe also seems to be responsible for the various lists of the contents of the volume on ff. [i] verso-1r,

Decoration

Anthropomorphised tinted drawings of the major constellations with the stars in red on ff. 110v as follows:

  • f. 89v: Aries
  • f. 90r: Taurus
  • f. 90v: Gemini (the twins labelled as 'Castor' and 'Pollux', naked and winged, Pollux holding a harp)
  • f. 91r: Cancer
  • f. 91v: Leo
  • f. 92r: Virgo (holding a ?wheatsheaf)
  • f. 92v: Libra (crowned and robed, holding a scale)
  • f. 93r: Scorpio
  • f. 93v: Sagittarius (a lion's body fused with a horse's, a man's head and arms, with bow and arrow)
  • f. 94r: Capricorn
  • f. 94v: Aquarius (a man emptying a ewer)
  • f. 95r: Pisces
  • f. 96r: Ursa major, Ursa minor, and Draco ('serpens tortuosus')
  • f. 96v: Draco (a draconid)
  • f. 97r: Hercules (nude, with sword and pelt of a lion attacking a serpent in a tree)
  • f. 97r: Corona
  • f. 97v: Serpentarius being held by a naked Ophiuchus who stands on Scorpius
  • f. 98r: Boetes (a figure wearing a hat and robe and holding a sickle and a spear)
  • f. 98v: 'Agitator' or 'Ophictus' (a figure wearing a hat and a robe and holding a spear in one hand and two rodent-like creatures in the other and standing in a chariot pulled by three horses
  • f. 99r: Cepheus (?Orion) (a robed figure with hands raised and wearing a sword)
  • f. 99v: Cassiopoeia (robed and sitting on some steps and framed by two vertical and two horizontal swords)
  • f. 100r: Pegasus
  • f. 100v: Andromeda (bearded, wearing a hat and robe, arms raised)
  • f. 101r: Perseus (wearing a cloak and shield and holding a sword and a bearded head of the Gorgon)
  • f. 101r: Triangulus
  • f. 101v: the Pleiades or the Seven Sisters, named in this manuscript as 'Gallina siue clocha' (seven female figures in robes with loose hair)
  • f. 102r: Lyra
  • f. 102v: Cygnus
  • f. 103r: quila (an eagle standing on an arrow)
  • f. 103v: Vultur cadens (a robed man piercing the breast of a large bird with a spear and standing on an arrow)
  • f. 104r: Cetus (a large fish with a nude man below and some hills and a city in the distance)
  • f. 104v:Eridianus (a man in a robe and crown sitting on a bench in a garden and playing a dulcimer)
  • f. 105r: Delphinus (a large creature with scales lying on some ?hills with a city in the distance)
  • f. 105v: Orion (a figure wearing plate armor and holding a sword and shield)
  • f. 106r: Canis
  • f. 106r: Lepus
  • f. 106v: Navis
  • f. 107r: Astronochus (a female centaur)
  • f. 107r: Demon meridianus without any stars marked (two robed figures sitting, the one on the right holds up a large oval ring)
  • f. 107v: Piscis magnus et minor (two fish in water, the upper one smaller, the lower one larger)
  • f. 108r: Putheus (five demons, some chained, surrounding a large tusked humanoid face)
  • f. 108v: Centaurus (a male centaur carrying a spear, a hare, a ?bear, and a censer)
  • f. 109r: Hydra (a large snake approaching a tree bearing a crow and an ewer on its back)
  • f. 109v: Cyon (or 'Antecanis')
  • f.110r: Equus secundus (a winged horse)
  • f. 110r: Tarabellum
  • f. 110v: Vexillum

Plain initials in red at some textual openings, e.g., ff. 1r, 80r, 128r and some minor divisions of the texts, e.g., 128r.

Paraph marks in red in some texts, e.g., f. 80r.

Additions

At the top of f. [i] verso: '‘master harssedecon’' (Master Archdeacon) in a 15th century hand.

Notes towards a list of the contents of the volume on ff. [i] verso-1r in the humanist hand which added titles and marginal annotations throughout the volume.

Notes towards a list of the contents of the volume on the upper half of f. 1r in the a hand which closely resembles the hand that added the ink foliation sequence.

Notes and scribbles signed by a ' Richarde Stonnerd Kingele in the countie of Surrey', on f. 147v. Stonnerd is probably referring to the village of Kingsley (Kingele) in the county of Hampshire which is just two miles from the border with Surrey. Stonnerd appears to be recording a debt, i.e., 'Richarde Stonnerd Kingele in the countie of Surrey is indebted unto Ewan Monse of ..(?)rrey'. It has not been possible to identify Stonnerd or Monse.

Quire signatures ('1-19') in the bottom right-hand corner of the recto side of the first leaf of each quire, written in pencil by a hand of the 19th/20th century.

Binding

Mid-17th century binding. Fully bound in leather over pulp-boards with matching decoration in blind to front and rear covers. Covers are decorated with a triple-fillet frame with Oxford corners set at the perimeter of the boards. Rebacked, and original cover material over the boards has been replaced. Spine is capped at head and tail, no head and tail bands visible. Four raised bands on spine, each with a single-fillet through their centre across the width of the spine. Spine compartments are decorated with a double fillet at their upper and lower perimeters and at the upper and lower openings of the spine. Four printed paper labels fixed to the spine with an adhesive, 'MSS.', '1', '3', '18', for a former shelfmark.

Head, fore, and tail edges of the bookblock sprinkled with red.

Pastedowns have been lifted and the inner faces of the boards are exposed. The inside of the rear cover is blank except for small traces of a printed paper leaf. The inside of the front cover contains the following items:

  • The number '70' in pencil set in a lozenge frame for the M. R. James Catalogue number of the volume
  • The shelfmark 'MSS 1. 3. 18' in ink and pencil
  • An Emmanuel College armorial bookplate by Metcalfe of Cambridge: a lion rampant in the right paw a laurel wreath with the motto "ΕΜΜΑΝΟΥΗΛ" (the Greek form of 'Emmanuel') on the escutcheon and the words 'Collegii Emmanuelis Liber' below

The endleaves ff. [i] and [ii] are former pastedowns, and both bear traces of adhesive on their outermost faces.

Binding dimensions (L x W x D): 200 x 150 x 45 mm.

Housed in a dark blue box with a label 'MS 70' stamped in gold and bearing a label on the inside of the box: 'This box was made using a generous donation from Colin Leach 2015'.

Evidence of two metal clasps belonging to a former binding visible on the parchment endleaves as two sets of rectangular puncture marks visible along the fore edge of the leaf, see esp. f. [ii] verso. The parchment endleaves have traces of adhesive residue consistent with having been used as pastedowns at a previous time, but the parchment leaves must have been free endleaves during the lifetime of Thomas Leigh (d. 1686) , a former owner of the volume, as he was able to write his name on f. [i] recto.

History

Origin: Between c. 1420 and 1453. ; England.

Date and location of production based on the identification of the scribe of the majority of the text in Emmanuel MS 70 as John Dunstable, whose biographical details are known. Dunstable probably began work on the volume that would later become Emmanuel MS 70 in or after 1420, as the extract from Iohannes de Rubeis on ff. 14v-21v is an astrological judgment for the year 1420.

R. M. Thomson, 'John Dunstable and His Books', The Musical Times, 150.1909 (2009), 3–16

Provenance and Acquisition

Written and owned by the English composer John Dunstable (d. 1453) , whose name appears on f. 1r, ‘Dunstaplus conscripsit hunc librum’ and throughout the volume in short signatures at the end of several texts. R. M. Thomson has identified two other surviving manuscripts with Dunstable connections: Oxford, Corpus Christi College, MS 118 and Cambridge, St John's College, MS F.25 (James 162).

R. M. Thomson, 'John Dunstable and His Books', The Musical Times, 150.1909 (2009), pp. 3–16

[i] verso: owned by Thomas Leigh (d. 1686) , fellow of Emmanuel c. 1657-1665. Leigh's name is also present on f. [i] recto as 'Tho. Leigh.'

Venn:ACAD LH650T

[i] verso: Donation inscription recording the donation of the volume in 1667 to Emmanuel College, Cambridge: 'Ex dono Tho. Leigh S. Th. Bacc. Coll. Emman. nuper Socii' by Thomas Leigh (d. 1686) , fellow of Emmanuel c. 1657-1665.

Venn:ACAD LH650T

Additional Information

Record Sources

This catalogue entry draws on the description provided by M. R. James in The Western manuscripts in the library of Emmanuel College: A descriptive catalogue (Cambridge, 1904), no. 70 and also draws significantly on M. Bent, Dunstaple, Oxford Studies of Composers, 17 (London, 1981), and R. M. Thomson, 'John Dunstable and His Books', The Musical Times, 150.1909 (2009), pp. 3–16. Readers of this record are encouraged to consult these items for further information about this volume and for additional reading about John Dunstable.

The author of this record is grateful to Professor Margaret Bent for additional assistance and commentary on this record and for further information about the life and career of John Dunstable; any mistakes in this record remain the fault of the author.

Availability

Visitors to Emmanuel College who wish to consult Special Collections material are required to apply to the Library in advance of their visit. For information on eligibility and admission procedures see: Emmanuel College: Special Collections.

Custodial History

Recorded as no. 39 in Bernard, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ (c. 1697)
The manuscript was displayed as part of the exhibition Curious Cures: Medicine in the Medieval World (Cambridge University Library, 29 March-6 December 2025) (ff. 150v-[ii] recto and 149v-150r).

Bibliography

    Arabic Astronomical and Astrological Sciences in Latin Translation, Carmody, Francis J. (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1956) The Latin Translations of Astrological Works by Messahala Osiris, Thorndike, Lynn (12, 49-72, 1956, https://www.jstor.org/stable/301708) John Dunstable and His Books The Musical Times, Thomson, R. M. (150, 1909, 3-16, 2009, https://www.jstor.org/stable/25597656) Guillaume l'Anglais, le frondeur de l'uroscopie médiévale (XIIIe siècle): Édition commentée et traduction du De urina non visa Hautes Etudes Médiévales et Modernes, Moulinier-Brogi, Laurence (Geneva, 2011) Sternbilder des Mittelalters und der Renaissance: Der gemalte Himmel zwischen Wissenschaft und Phantasie Text und Katalog, Blume, DieterHaffner, MechthildMetzer, Wolfgang (De Gruyter, 2016) The Light Ages: A Medieval Journey of Discovery, Falk, Seb (Penguin, 2021) Ephemerides in high medieval Europe: The textual evidence Journal for the History of Astronomy, Nothaft, C. Philipp E. (52, 1, 33-52, 2021, 2023-09-19T16:09:52Z, http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021828620981432)

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Wellcome

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Cambridge Digital Library

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